Atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides e Lippia rotundifolia frente a enterobactérias isoladas de aves / Antimicrobial activity of Lippia origanoides and Lippia rotundifolia oils against enterobacteria isolated from poultry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils on enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry fecal samples in the cloaca from 49 laying hens. To analyze the antimicrobial sensibility an agar diffusion susceptibility test was performed and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericida Concentration (MBC) of Lippia origanoides and Lippia rotundifolia essential oils was determined. The concentrations used were 160, 80 and 40 L/mL. The L. origanoides essential oil showed antimicrobial effect from 40 L/mL dose against both microorganisms, with larger efficiency in E. coli. The L.rotundifolia essential oil was more efficient at the concentration of 160L/mL. Its effect was observed in all microorganisms. These results suggest that L. origanoides oil is more effective than L. rotundifolia oil in inhibiting the growth of microorganism isolated from poultry, although it also has a satisfactory antimicrobial effect. Results indicate the potential use of these plant's essential oils in poultry feed as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial products(AU)

Forage supply in thinned Caatinga enriched with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) grazed by goats and sheep - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v34i2.12548

Forage supply from herbs was assessed in a thinned Caatinga enriched with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) exposed to goat and sheep grazing. The 2.4 ha experimental area, located at the Experimental Station of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Santa Terezinha, Paraíba State, Brazil, was divided into four 0.6 ha paddocks, which were further subdivided into two 0.3 ha experimental plots. Twelve F1 (Boer x SRD) goats and 12 Santa Inês sheep were divided in four groups of six animals of the same species. The herbaceous vegetation was separated into buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), dicotyledons and other grass species. Treatments were randomized to plots according to a completely random design with two treatments, four replications, with measures repeated in time (July/1, Aug/1, Sept/1 and Oct/1. Buffel grass dry mater (DM) availability was higher in the sheep grazed than in the goat-grazed area. Buffel grass DM supply did not change from July to September, while dicotyledons DM supply decreased. Grazing affected availability, accumulation rate and supply of the forage produced (DM basis) by dicotyledonous herbs. Buffel grass forage availability was not affected during the experimental period.

Forage supply in thinned Caatinga enriched with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L. ) grazed by goats and sheep / Oferta de forragem em Caatinga raleada e enriquecida com capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L. ) pastejada por ovinos e caprinos

Forage supply from herbs was assessed in a thinned Caatinga enriched with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) exposed to goat and sheep grazing. The 2.4 ha experimental area, located at the Experimental Station of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Santa Terezinha, Paraíba State, Brazil, was divided into four 0.6 ha paddocks, which were further subdivided into two 0.3 ha experimental plots. Twelve F1 (Boer x SRD) goats and 12 Santa Inês sheep were divided in four groups of six animals of the same species. The herbaceous vegetation was separated into buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), dicotyledons and other grass species. Treatments were randomized to plots according to a completely random design with two treatments, four replications, with measures repeated in time (July/1, Aug/1, Sept/1 and Oct/1. Buffel grass dry mater (DM) availability was higher in the sheep grazed than in the goatgrazed area. Buffel grass DM supply did not change from July to September, while dicotyledons DM supply decreased. Grazing affected availability, accumulation rate and supply of the forage produced (DM basis) by dicotyledonous herbs. Buffel grass forage availability was not affected during the experimental period.

Objetivou-se avaliar a oferta de forragem do estrato herbáceo de uma Caatinga raleada e enriquecida com capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), submetida ao pastejo de caprinos e ovinos. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Estado da Paraíba. A área experimental foi de 2,4 ha, dividida em quatro piquetes de 0,6 ha, nos quais foram alocadas parcelas experimentais de 0,3 ha. Utilizaram-se 12 caprinos F1 (Bôer x SRD) e 12 ovinos Santa Inês, que foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de seis animais. A vegetação herbácea foi separada em capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), dicotiledôneas e outras gramínea. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com observações repetidas no tempo (1/jul., 1/ago., 1/set. e 1/out.). A disponibilidade de matéria seca (MS) de capim buffel na área pastejadas por ovinos foi superior ao observado na área ocupada por caprinos. A oferta de MS de capim buffel não variou com os períodos de avaliações. Já para as dicotiledôneas foi observado uma redução no decorrer das épocas de avaliações na oferta de MS. O pastejo dos animais afetou a disponibilidade, taxa de acúmulo e oferta de MS das dicotiledôneas herbáceas. O período de avaliação não interferiu na disponibilidade do capim buffel.

Micorrização e atividade microbiana de um solo cultivado com coentro e camomila / Mycorrhization and microbial activity from a soil cultivated with coriander and chamomile / Micorrización y actividad microbiana de suelo cultivado con manzanilla y cilantro

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs), entre outros micro-organismos do solo, desempenham papel fundamental no crescimento de plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade de esporos e a colonização radicular por FMAs em solos cultivados com coentro ( Coriandrum sativum L.) e camomila (Matricaria chamomilla L.), bem como a atividade microbiana do solo medida por meio da respiração basal do solo (RBS) e matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). Foram coletadas quatro amostras de solo e raízes no horto medicinal da Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama-PR e de uma área adjacente de mata nativa. A densidade de esporos de FMAs no solo cultivado com camomila foi três vezes maior (44,2 esporos g–1 solo) do que no solo cultivado com coentro (16,8 esporos g–1 solo) e de mata (9,9 esporos g–1 solo). A colonização radicular por FMAs não diferiu significativamente. O solo da mata apresentou maior atividade microbiana (2,0 mg CO 2 kg–1 solo h–1) comparado com os solos cultivados com camomila e coentro (1,56 e 1,13 mg CO 2 kg–1 solo h-1, respectivamente). O mesmo comportamento foi observado com a MOS. Conclui-se que o solo cultivado com camomila apresentou maior densidade de esporos de FMAs, comparado com os solos da mata e coentro. A maior atividade microbiana no solo da mata é possivelmente em virtude do maior fornecimento de matéria orgânica e ciclagem do carbono.(AU)

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), among other soil microbial microrganisms, has a fundamental role in plant growth. The objective of this study is to evaluate the spore density and root colonization by AMFs and microbial activity measuring basal soil respiration (BSR) and soil organic matter (SOM) from soil and root collected from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Four soil and root samples were collected in a medicinal botanical garden at the Paranaense University, Umuarama PR, and soil samples from a nearby forest was used as control. The spore density of AMF in the soil differed significantly among treatments. In the soil under chamomile, the amount of spores found was over three-fold the amount of spores found in relation to forest and soil cultivated with coriander, but soil under coriander and forest did not differ significantly. The assessment of root colonization by AMF was not significantly different among treatments. In soil from the forest, a higher soil microbial activity (2.0 mg CO 2 kg–1 solo h–1) was found when compared to soil cultivated with chamomile and coriander (1.56 and 1.13 mg CO 2 kg–1 soil h–1, respectively). The same behavior was observed with SOM. It can be concluded that the soil cultivated with chamomile showed higher spore density of AMF compared to coriander and forest. A higher forest soil microbial activity is possibly due to a major input of SOM ecarbon cycling.(AU)

Hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) y otros micro-organismos del suelo, desempeñan papel fundamental en el crecimiento de las plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la densidad de esporas y la colonización de las raíces por HMAs en suelos cultivados con cilantro ( Coriandrum sativum L.) y manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.), así como la actividad microbiana del suelo medido por medio de la respiración basal del suelo (RBS) y materia orgánica del suelo (MOS). Se colectó cuatro muestras de suelo y raíces en el jardín de plantas medicinales de la Universidad Paranaense, Umuarama - PR, y de una zona adyacente de mata nativa. La densidad de esporas de HMAs en el suelo cultivado con manzanilla fue tres veces mayor (44,2 esporas g-1 de suelo) que en el suelo cultivado con cilantro (16,8 esporas g-1 de suelo) y de mata (9,9 esporas g-1 suelo). La colonización radicular por HMAs no difirió significativamente. El suelo de la mata presentó mayor actividad microbiana (2,0 mg CO 2 kg-1 suelo h-1) en comparación con los suelos cultivados con manzanilla y cilantro (1,56 y 1,13 mg CO2 kg-1 suelo h-1, respectivamente). El mismo comportamiento se observó con el MOS. Se concluye que el suelo cultivado con manzanilla presenta mayor densidad de esporas de AMFs, en comparación con los suelos de mata y cilantro. La mayor actividad microbiana en el suelo de mata es posiblemente en virtud de mayor oferta de materia orgánica y el ciclo del carbono.(AU)

Antiviral activity of the Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) essential oil and its main compound carvacrol against human and animal viruses

Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) is a plant found in Mexico and Central America that is traditionally used as a medicinal herb. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral activity of the essential oil of Mexican oregano and its major component, carvacrol, against different human and animal viruses. The MTT test (3-4,5-dimethythiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) was conducted to determine the selectivity index (SI) of the essential oil, which was equal to 13.1, 7.4, 10.8, 9.7, and 7.2 for acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (ACVR-HHV-1), acyclovir-sensitive HHV-1, human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), bovine herpesvirus type 2 (BoHV-2), and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), respectively. The human rotavirus (RV) and BoHV-1 and 5 were not inhibited by the essential oil. Carvacrol alone exhibited high antiviral activity against RV with a SI of 33, but it was less efficient than the oil for the other viruses. Thus, Mexican oregano oil and its main component, carvacrol, are able to inhibit different human and animal viruses in vitro. Specifically, the antiviral effects of Mexican oregano oil on ACVR-HHV-1 and HRSV and of carvacrol on RV justify more detailed studies.

Análise sensorial de peito de frango com ervas e especiarias sem sal / Sensory evaluation of chicken with herbs and spices without salt

High blood pressure (HBP) is a disease characterized by high levels of blood pressure (BP). High blood pressure brings functional and structural problems in various organs and metabolic changes, which leads to an increased risk of cardiovascular events that can lead to squeal or death, with high prevalence and being difficult to control. The cardiovascular deaths grow as the increased pressure, especially with constant 115/75 mmHg measures. Excessive intake of sodium is undoubtedly a risk factor for hypertension. The Brazilian population has habits of high intakes of dietary salt, sugar and fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of products made without salt and using different combinations of herbs in a group of people in the city of Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Sensory analysis was performed with 50 untrained panelists in order to verify the acceptance of salt less preparations. Thus, were prepared three samples of chicken chest with three different sets of herbs and spices. The first recipe was marinated with garlic and thyme. The second, prepared with lemon and mint and the third, with garlic and curry. The samples were grilled individually until complete cooking. Once cooked, lemon was dripped in the first and second samples and passionfruit juice at the third sample. Each taster received a sample of each recipe to taste, evaluating them according to the hedonic scale of9 points, ranging from "liked completely" to "dislike completely" according to Stone & Sidel (1993). Through the results of the nonparametric Kruskal- Wallis was found that there was significant difference between the recipes only regarding the characteristic flavor.(...)(AU)

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma doença que se caracteriza por níveis elevados de pressão arterial (PA). Esta traz consigo problemas funcionais e estruturais em diversos órgãos e modificações metabólicas, o que gera um aumento do risco de eventos cardiovasculares que pode deixar sequei as ou até levar à morte, tendo alta prevalência e sendo de difícil controle. As mortes por problemas cardiovasculares crescem de acordo com o aumento da pressão arterial, principalmente acima del15175 mmHg de forma constante. A ingestão excessiva de sódio é sem dúvida uma condição de risco para hipertensão arterial. A população brasileira tem hábitos alimentares ricos em sal, açúcar e gordura. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a aceitação de produtos elaborados sem adição de sal e com uso de diferentes combinações de ervas aromáticas. Foi realizada uma análise sensorial com 50 provadores não treinados com o objetivo de verificar a aceitação das preparações sem o uso de sal. Para tanto, foram elaboradas três amostras de carne de frango, com três diferentes composições de ervas e temperos. A primeira foi marinada com alho e tomilho. A segunda com limão siciliano e hortelã e a terceira com alho e curry. Após, as amostras foram grelhadas separadamente por sabor até o completo cozimento da carne. Depois de cozidos, foi gotejado limão siciliano na 1° e 2° preparações, e suco de maracujá na 3° preparação. Cada provador recebeu uma amostra de cada carne para provar, avaliando- -as segundo a escala hedônica estruturada de 9 pontos, variando de "gostei extremamente" a "desgostei extremamente" 10. Através dos resultados do teste não-paramétrico Kruskal- Wallis, verificou-se que existe diferença significativa entre as receitas apenas para a característica sabor. (...)(AU)

Structure of the herb stratum under different light regimes in the Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest

This study aimed to characterize the structure of the herb stratum in relation to light availability in the Submontane Atlantic Rain Forest at the Carlos Botelho State Park, SP, Brazil. Fortyone 10 x10 m plots were established under the closed canopy (18 plots), small and medium canopy gaps (11) and large canopy gaps dominated by Guadua tagoara (Ness) Kunth (12). Inside each plot, the line intercept method was applied to assess soil coverage as an estimate of density of herb stratum vegetation. Hemispherical photographs were taken at the centre of the plots to evaluate the annual light regime. Overall, Calathea communis Wanderley and S. Vieira had the greater mean coverage, followed by woody seedlings, ground ferns and other herbs (mainly, Araceae, Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae and Cyperaceae). There were strong correlations among several groups of the herb stratum, such as the negative correlations between woody seedlings with the coverage of C. communis and with rocks. The analysis of the hemispherical photographs confirmed the difference among environments that led to significant differences in the soil coverage of the herb stratum vegetation but woody seedlings. For instance, C. communis showed great coverage in large gaps while ferns were more abundant in small and medium gaps and in the understorey. Other herbs, in turn, demonstrated bigger soil coverage in small and medium gaps. Although this study represents a rough assessment of the structure and composition of the herb stratum, the results found here illustrated the evident relation between herb species density and the environmental variation promoted by changes on canopy structure and topography.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a estrutura do estrato herbáceo em relação à disponibilidade de luz na Floresta Pluvial Atlântica Submontana do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, SP, Brasil. Para tanto, foram instaladas 41 parcelas de 10 x 10 m em ambientes sob o dossel fechado (18 parcelas), em clareiras pequenas e médias (11), e em clareiras grandes com dominância de Guadua tagoara (Ness) Kunth (12). Em cada parcela a percentagem de cobertura de solo, avaliada através do método de interceptação em linha, foi usada como estimativa da densidade da vegetação do estrato herbáceo. Fotografias hemisféricas foram tomadas ao centro de cada uma das parcelas para avaliar o regime anual de luz nos ambientes. No geral, a maior média obtida foi para Calathea communis Wanderley e S. Vieira, seguida por plântulas de regenerantes lenhosos, pteridófitas terrestres e outras ervas (principalmente Araceae, Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae e Cyperaceae). Houve ainda fortes correlações entre vários grupos do estrato herbáceo, como as correlações negativas entre plântulas de regenerantes com a cobertura de C. communis e de rochas. A análise das fotografias hemisféricas confirmou a existência de ambientes com diferentes regimes de luz, que promoveram diferenças significativas na cobertura do solo de todos os grupos do estrato herbáceo, exceto para plântulas de regenerantes. Por exemplo, C. communis apresentou grande cobertura nas grandes clareiras, enquanto que as pteridófitas terrestres foram mais abundantes no subbosque e nas clareiras pequenas e médias. O grupo Outras Ervas, por sua vez, apresentou maiores coberturas nas clareiras pequenas e médias. Apesar de representar uma análise grosseira da estrutura e composição, os resultados encontrados aqui ilustraram uma evidente relação entre a densidade de formas de vida herbácea e as variações ambientais promovidas por mudanças na estrutura do dossel da floresta e na topografia.

Hêliconias como alternativa econômica para comunidades amazônicas

Extractive Reserves (Reservas Extrativistas-RESEX, in portuguese) are defined as territorial spaces destined for auto-sustainable exploration and conservation of renewable natural resources for the traditional population. Moreover, they are an alternative source of income for improving life conditions of the local families. Amongst the possibilities of income for the communities that make up the RESEX, which we discuss, is the use of Heliconia understorey herbs. The Heliconia genus is one of the colorful groups of tropical forest non-timber plants. However, as an income source, it is unknown to the RESEX communities. We registered 11 species of Heliconia in the Baixo Juruá Extractive Reserve with potential as ornamental plants: H. acuminata, H. densiflora, H. hirsuta, H. lasiorachis, H. stricta, H. chartacea, H. juruana, H. marginata, H. psittacorum, H. spathocircinata and H. tenebrosa. Currently in Brazil, the commercialization of ornamental plants is expanding, but the Amazonian region seems not to be following this trend, demonstrating perhaps lack of political initiative. Even though it causes some impact on fauna an flora, the practice of extractive economy inside the forest reserves in Amazonia helps keep the ecological functions of the forest intact, preventing future losses of regional biodiversity. Additionally, it guarantees the continuity of traditional populations in the natural areas, with direct effect on the local and regional economy.

Reservas extrativistas (RESEX) são espaços territoriais destinados à exploração sustentável e conservação dos recursos naturais renováveis, por populações extrativistas. Além disso, tem como finalidade implantar alternativas de renda que contribuam para a melhoria das condições de vida das famílias locais. Dentre as variadas possibilidades de renda pelas comunidades que compõem as RESEX, destacamos neste trabalho o uso das helicônias. As espécies de Heliconia são um dos mais vistosos grupos de plantas herbáceas das florestas tropicais. Entretanto seu uso como fonte de renda é desconhecido pelas comunidades que compõem a RESEX. Registramos 11 espécies de Heliconia na RESEX do Baixo Juruá com uso potencial como plantas ornamentais: H. acuminata, H. densiflora, H. hirsuta, H. lasiorachis, H. stricta, H. chartacea, H. juruana, H. marginata, H. psittacorum, H. spathocircinata e H. tenebrosa. Atualmente o mercado de plantas ornamentais está em expansão no Brasil, mas a Amazônia parece não estar acompanhando este processo, demonstrando falta de iniciativa política. A economia na forma do extrativismo praticada dentro das reservas florestais na Amazônia, mesmo acarretando alguns impactos diretos sobre a fauna e a flora, ajuda a manter as funções ecológicas originais da floresta evitando perdas futuras de biodiversidade regional. Adicionalmente, garante a continuidade das populações tradicionais no campo, com efeito direto na economia local e regional.

Structure and composition of the ground-herb community in a terra-firme Central Amazonian forest

The herb community of tropical forests is very little known, with few studies addressing its structure quantitatively. Even with this scarce body of information, it is clear that the ground herbs are a rich group, comprising 14 to 40% of the species found in total species counts in tropical forests. The present study had the objective of increasing the knowledge about the structure and composition of the ground-herb community and to compare the sites for which there are similar studies. The study was conducted in a tropical non-inundated and evergreen forest 90 km north of Manaus, AM. Ground herbs were surveyed in 22 transects of 40 m², distributed in five plots of 4 ha. The inventoried community was composed of 35 species, distributed in 24 genera and 18 families. Angiosperms were represented by 8 families and Pteridophytes by 10 families. Marantaceae (12 sp) and Cyperaceae (4 sp) were the richest families. Marantaceae and Poaceae were the families with greatest abundance and cover. Marantaceae, Poaceae, Heliconiaceae and Pteridophytes summed 96% of total herb cover, and therefore were responsible for almost all the cover of the community. The 10 most important species had 83.7% of the individuals. In general, the most abundant species were also the most frequent. Richness per transect varied from 7 to 19 species, and abundance varied from 30 to 114 individuals. The community structure was quite similar to 3 other sites in South America and one site in Asia.

A comunidade herbácea das florestas tropicais é pouco conhecida, havendo poucos estudos quantitativos de sua estrutura. Mesmo com esta quantidade escassa de informações, é possível afirmar que as ervas terrestres são um grupo rico, representando 14 a 40% das espécies encontradas em contagens totais de espécies em florestas tropicais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo aumentar o conhecimento sobre a estrutura e composição da comunidade de ervas terrestres e comparar as localidades para as quais há estudos similares. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma floresta tropical não-inundada, 90 km ao norte de Manaus, AM. As ervas terrestres foram amostradas em 22 transectos de 40 m², distribuídos em cinco plots de 4 ha. A comunidade foi composta de 35 espécies, distribuídas em 24 gêneros e 18 famílias. As angiospermas foram representadas por 8 famílias e as pteridófitas por 10 famílias. Marantaceae (12 sp) e Cyperaceae (4 sp) foram as famílias mais ricas em espécies. Marantaceae e Poaceae foram as famílias com maior abundância e cobertura. A cobertura de Marantaceae, Poaceae, Heliconiaceae e pteridófitas somou 96% de toda a cobertura herbácea, e assim estes 4 grupos foram responsáveis por quase toda a cobertura da comunidade. As 10 espécies mais abundantes somaram 83,7% dos indivíduos. Em geral as espécies mais abundantes foram também as mais freqüentes. A riqueza por transecto variou de 7 a 19 espécies, e a abundância variou de 30 a 114 indivíduos. A estrutura da comunidade foi bastante similar à encontrada em 3 outras localidades na América do Sul e uma na Ásia.

Forage supply in thinned Caatinga enriched with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) grazed by goats and sheep - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v34i2.12548

Forage supply from herbs was assessed in a thinned Caatinga enriched with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) exposed to goat and sheep grazing. The 2.4 ha experimental area, located at the Experimental Station of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Santa Terezinha, Paraíba State, Brazil, was divided into four 0.6 ha paddocks, which were further subdivided into two 0.3 ha experimental plots. Twelve F1 (Boer x SRD) goats and 12 Santa Inês sheep were divided in four groups of six animals of the same species. The herbaceous vegetation was separated into buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.), dicotyledons and other grass species. Treatments were randomized to plots according to a completely random design with two treatments, four replications, with measures repeated in time (July/1, Aug/1, Sept/1 and Oct/1. Buffel grass dry mater (DM) availability was higher in the sheep grazed than in the goat-grazed area. Buffel grass DM supply did not change from July to September, while dicotyledons DM supply decreased. Grazing affected availability, accumulation rate and supply of the forage produced (DM basis) by dicotyledonous herbs. Buffel grass forage availability was not affected during the experimental period.

Efeito da acupuntura e da acupuntura associada a panax pseudoginseng sobre as variáveis hemostáticas em cães / Effect of acupuncture and acupuncture combined to panax pseudoginseng in the haemostatic variables in dogs

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da acupuntura e da acupuntura associada à erva chinesa Panax pseudoginseng em cães hígidos. Doze cães, machos e fêmeas, foram divididos em dois grupos de seis animais cada. Os cães do grupo I foram submetidos à acupuntura nos pontos baço-pâncreas 6 e 10, bexiga 17 e 20, estômago 36 e vesícula biliar 39, bilateralmente. As agulhas foram mantidas durante 20 minutos em todos os animais. Os cães do grupo II receberam 1g de Panax pseudoginseng oralmente e, a seguir, também foram submetidos à acupuntura nos mesmos pontos descritos acima. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes do tratamento, 1h após o início do tratamento (1h após a administração da erva e 40 minutos após o final da acupuntura) e 24h depois, em ambos os grupos. Foram mensurados os seguintes parâmetros: tempo de sangramento, tempo de coagulação, contagem de plaquetas, fibrinogênio, tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada e tempo de protrombina. Não houve diferença nas variáveis entre os grupos. Embora não estatisticamente significativa (p=0,07), a contagem de plaquetas aumentou 30%, 24h após a administração da erva chinesa. Nenhuma outra alteração foi observada. Os resultados mostram que a acupuntura, associada ou não a Panax pseudoginseng, não foi capaz de modificar a hemostasia primária e/ou secundária, nas condições experimentais estudadas. Entretanto, mais estudos necessitam ser realizados sobre o assunto, visto que existiu potencial resposta do organismo frente à utilização da erva chinesa(AU)

This study aimed to investigate the hemostatic effect of acupuncture and acupuncture combined to Panax pseudoginseng (chinese herb) in healthy dogs. Twelve dogs, males and females, were divided into 2 groups with 6 animals each. Dogs of GI were submitted to acupuncture in the points 6 and 10, bladder 17 and 20, stomach 36 and gallbladder 39, bilaterally. Needles were maintained for 20 minutes in all animals. Dogs of G2 received 1g of Panax pseudoginseng, orally, and underwent acupuncture in the same points as described above. Blood was collected before treatment, one hour after the beginning of the treatment (1h after the administration of the herb G2, and 40 minutes after the end of acupuncture G1) and 24h later, in both groups. The following measurements were performed: bleeding time, clotting time, platelet count, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). There were no differences in any variable between groups. Although not statistically significant (p=0,07), platelet count increased 30%, 24h after the administration of the herb. No additional changes were observed in the other groups. The results showed that acupuncture alone or acupuncture alone or acupuncture combined to Panax pseudoginseng were not able to modify primary and/or secondary hemostasis in healthy dogs. Other studies should be done about this subject, because there was a potencial chinese herbs stimulation on platelet count(AU)

Efeito da acupuntura e da acupuntura associada a panax pseudoginseng sobre as variáveis hemostáticas em cães / Effect of acupuncture and acupuncture combined to panax pseudoginseng in the haemostatic variables in dogs

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da acupuntura e da acupuntura associada à erva chinesa Panax pseudoginseng em cães hígidos. Doze cães, machos e fêmeas, foram divididos em dois grupos de seis animais cada. Os cães do grupo I foram submetidos à acupuntura nos pontos baço-pâncreas 6 e 10, bexiga 17 e 20, estômago 36 e vesícula biliar 39, bilateralmente. As agulhas foram mantidas durante 20 minutos em todos os animais. Os cães do grupo II receberam 1g de Panax pseudoginseng oralmente e, a seguir, também foram submetidos à acupuntura nos mesmos pontos descritos acima. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes do tratamento, 1h após o início do tratamento (1h após a administração da erva e 40 minutos após o final da acupuntura) e 24h depois, em ambos os grupos. Foram mensurados os seguintes parâmetros: tempo de sangramento, tempo de coagulação, contagem de plaquetas, fibrinogênio, tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada e tempo de protrombina. Não houve diferença nas variáveis entre os grupos. Embora não estatisticamente significativa (p=0,07), a contagem de plaquetas aumentou 30%, 24h após a administração da erva chinesa. Nenhuma outra alteração foi observada. Os resultados mostram que a acupuntura, associada ou não a Panax pseudoginseng, não foi capaz de modificar a hemostasia primária e/ou secundária, nas condições experimentais estudadas. Entretanto, mais estudos necessitam ser realizados sobre o assunto, visto que existiu potencial resposta do organismo frente à utilização da erva chinesa

This study aimed to investigate the hemostatic effect of acupuncture and acupuncture combined to Panax pseudoginseng (chinese herb) in healthy dogs. Twelve dogs, males and females, were divided into 2 groups with 6 animals each. Dogs of GI were submitted to acupuncture in the points 6 and 10, bladder 17 and 20, stomach 36 and gallbladder 39, bilaterally. Needles were maintained for 20 minutes in all animals. Dogs of G2 received 1g of Panax pseudoginseng, orally, and underwent acupuncture in the same points as described above. Blood was collected before treatment, one hour after the beginning of the treatment (1h after the administration of the herb – G2, and 40 minutes after the end of acupuncture – G1) and 24h later, in both groups. The following measurements were performed: bleeding time, clotting time, platelet count, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). There were no differences in any variable between groups. Although not statistically significant (p=0,07), platelet count increased 30%, 24h after the administration of the herb. No additional changes were observed in the other groups. The results showed that acupuncture alone or acupuncture alone or acupuncture combined to Panax pseudoginseng were not able to modify primary and/or secondary hemostasis in healthy dogs. Other studies should be done about this subject, because there was a potencial chinese herb’s stimulation on platelet count