Effect of sulforaphane on long-term storage of rabbit semen

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on rabbit semen cryopreservation. Semen collected from animals was divided into 5 equal volumes as Control, SFN 5 µM, SFN 10 µM, SFN 25 µM and SFN 50 µM groups. Afterwards, semen analyzes were performed. According to our results, there was no statistical difference between the groups at 4°C. However after freezing thawing, the highest total motility, progressive motility and rapid spermatozoa rate was seen in the 10 µM SFN group, while the lowest was observed in the 50 µM SFN group (P<0.05). Static sperm ratio was highest in the 50 µM group, while the lowest was observed in the 10 µM SFN group. When flow cytometry results examined the rate of acrosomal damaged and dead sperm was the lowest in the 10 µM SFN group, a statistical difference was observed between the control group (P<0.05). The highest rate of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential was seen in the 5 µM SFN and 10 µM SFN groups. Apoptosis and ROS rates were found to be lower in the experimental groups compared to the control groups (P<0.05). As a result, SFN supplementation at a dose of 10 µM increased the quality of sperm in the freezing and thawing processes of rabbit semen. In conclusion, 10 µM SFN improved the quality of cryopreservation of rabbit semen.(AU)

Early maturation of corpus luteum in rabbits - effect of sildenafil citrate on luteolytic capacity in the early luteal period

Background: Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 α) binds to the specific receptor (PTGFR) on the corpus luteum (CL) in mammals, inducing regression of the CL structure (luteolysis) and initiating a new cycle. While PGF2 α is effective only on mature CL, the immature CL structure (early luteal phase) resists PGF2 α. In this study, sildenafil citrate, which is used to increase blood flow in the genital organs for treating specific pregnancy issues in women, was administered during the early luteal phase in a rabbit model to test the hypothesis of enhancing blood flow to the CL, thereby promoting earlier maturation and enabling a response to PGF2 α. Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted in 2 sub-studies: clinical and molecular. A large number of rabbits were initially included in the sub-studies to ensure a sufficient number of pseudo-pregnant rabbits. Ovulation in rabbits was induced with buserelin acetate and was considered as day 0 of the study. The sub-studies were continued with rabbits whose pseudo-pregnancies were confirmed according to progesterone (P4 ) results. As a result, the studies were continued with a total of 41 pseudo-pregnant New Zealand female rabbits, 21 of which were included in the clinical sub-study and 20 in the molecular sub-study. In both sub-studies, on day 3 of the luteal period, rabbits in the treatment group received 5 mg/kg sildenafil citrate and all rabbits received a single dose of exogenous PGF2 α on day 4 to induce luteolysis. In the clinical sub-study, echotexture and intraovarian blood flow changes in the ovaries were determined by ultrasonography (USG) examination. In the molecular sub-study, the expression changes of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha (HIF1A) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) related to angiogenesis, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR) related to P4 metabolism, Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) related to prostaglandin (PG) mechanism and 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase (HPGD) genes at mRNA level were determined using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in CL tissues obtained with ovariohysterectomy (OVH) at 1 and 12 h after PGF2 α injection. In addition, blood samples were collected for determine P4 levels from all rabbits. In the clinical sub-study; there was no difference between the groups in mean gray values (MGV), whereas there was a significant decrease in both pulsatile index (PI) and resistance index (RI) values at 40 min after PGF2 α injection (P < 0.05). In the molecular sub-study, it was determined that sildenafil citrate had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the expression levels 1 and 12 h after PGF2 α injection. According to the results of the molecular sub-study, no significant effect of sildenafil citrate on the mRNA expression levels in the investigated genes was detected (P > 0.05). However, within each group, differences were found according to OVH time after PGF2 α injection. It was observed that PTGS2 and HPGD mRNA expressions decreased at the 12th h compared to the 1st h, while HIF1A expression increased (P < 0.05). Discussion: According to the results obtained from clinical and molecular sub-studies, it was determined that a single dose of sildenafil citrate (5 mg/kg) applied on the 3rd day of the luteal period did not contribute to the maturation process of the CL, did not increase blood flow, and was insufficient to break the resistance of the CL against PGF2 α applied on the 4th day of the luteal period. However, a significant decrease in the PI value at the 40th min after PGF2 α injection suggests that sildenafil citrate has a supportive effect, and that this decrease is also seen in the RI value, suggesting that its effect is insufficient against the vasoconstrictive effect of PGF2 α.

Eficiência de três diluidores inespecíficos na refrigeração do sêmen de coelho (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) / Efficiency of three unspecific diluents in refrigeration of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) semen / Eficiencia de tres diluyentes inespecíficos en la refrigeración de semen de conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus)

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a viabilidade seminal de coelhos após refrigeração a 5°C utilizando três diluentes comerciais, indicados para refrigeração de sêmen de outras espécies monogástricas. Foram realizadas dez colheitas de sêmen de cada reprodutor. Os ejaculados de cada coelho eram misturados, obtendo-se um pool de sêmen. Em seguida, o pool heterospérmico foi dividido em três tratamentos, de acordo com o diluente utilizado: BotuDogⓇ (cães); BotuSemen® (equinos); e Beltsville Thawing Solution - BTS (suínos). As amostras foram avaliadas quanto aos parâmetros macroscópicos, microscópicos e funcionais em quatro momentos: sêmen fresco (0 h) e refrigerado (16, 24 e 48 h). Os valores médios de motilidade, vigor e defeitos totais do sêmen fresco foram de 86,0%, 3,05 e 11,5%, respectivamente. Após o início do resfriamento, observou-se comportamento linear decrescente para a motilidade e vigor espermático do sêmen em função do tempo, diferindo (P < 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Destaca-se que o tratamento diluído em BTS apresentou redução na manutenção dos parâmetros avaliados de forma mais pronunciada (P < 0.05) ao longo do tempo, apresentando os menores valores para motilidade e vigor espermático dentro de cada tempo avaliado: 16h [20,6 ± 7,28 e 0,75 (0,375 1,5)], 24h [12,0 ± 6,80 e 0 (0 - 1,0)] e 48h [3,0 ± 2,13 e 0 (0 - 0,125)]. Após 48 h de resfriamento, o BotuDogⓇ foi o que apresentou maior valor para motilidade espermática (71,0 ± 2,08) e, juntamente, com o BotuSemenⓇ apresentaram maior valor para vigor espermático (2,5). De acordo com os dados obtidos os diluentes BotuDogⓇ e BotuSemenⓇ mostraram-se eficientes em manter parâmetros espermáticos adequados, apresentando boa viabilidade espermática em até 48h pós refrigeração a 5°C. Foram obtidos, resultados inéditos quanto a parâmetros espermáticos do sêmen de coelho refrigerado que podem ser utilizados como valores de referência para o manejo reprodutivo e processamento do semen desses animais, visto a inexistênca dessas recomendações técnicas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the seminal viability of rabbits after refrigeration at 5°C using three commercial diluents, indicated for refrigeration of semen from other monogastric species. Ten semen collections were performed from each breeder. The ejaculates of each rabbit were mixed, obtaining a pool of semen. Then, the heterospermic pool was divided into three treatments, according to the diluent used: BotuDog (dogs); BotuSemenⓇ (horses); and Beltsville Thawing Solution - BTS (pigs). The samples were evaluated for macroscopic, microscopic, and functional parameters in four moments: fresh (0 h) and refrigerated (16, 24, and 48 h) semen. The average values of motility, vigor, and total defects of fresh semen were 86.0%, 3.05 and 11.5%, respectively. After the beginning of cooling, a decreasing linear behavior was observed for motility and sperm vigor of semen as a function of time, differing (P < 0.05) between treatments. It is noteworthy that the treatment diluted in BTS® showed a more pronounced reduction in the maintenance of the evaluated parameters (P < 0.05) over time, with the lowest values for sperm motility and vigor within each evaluated time: 16h [20.6 +7.28 and 0.75 (0.375 - 1.5)], 24h [12.0± 6.80 and 0 (0 - 1.0)] and 48h [3.0±2.13 and 0 (0 - 0.125)]. After 48 h of cooling, BotuDog presented the highest value for sperm motility (71.0 ± 2.08) and, together with BotuSemenⓇ, presented the highest value for sperm vigor (2.5). According to the data obtained, BotuDog and BotuSemenⓇ diluents were efficient in maintaining adequate sperm parameters, showing good sperm viability in up to 48 hours after refrigeration at 5°C. Through this work, unpublished results were obtained regarding spermatic parameters of refrigerated rabbit semen that can be used as reference values for reproductive management and semen processing of these animals, given the lack of these technical recommendations.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la viabilidad seminal de conejos después de refrigeración a 5°C utilizando tres diluyentes comerciales, indicados para la refrigeración de semen de otras especies monogástricas. Se realizaron diez colectas de semen de cada reproductora. Se mezclaron los eyaculados de cada conejo, obteniendo un pool de semen. Luego, el pool heterospérmico se dividió en tres tratamientos, según el diluyente utilizado: BotuDogⓇ (perros); BotuSemenⓇ (caballos); y Beltsville Thawing Solution - BTS® (cerdos). Las muestras fueron evaluadas para parámetros macroscópicos, microscópicos y funcionales en cuatro momentos: semen fresco (0 h) y refrigerado (16, 24 y 48 h). Los valores promedio de motilidad, vigor y defectos totales del semen fresco fueron 86,0%, 3,05 y 11,5%, respectivamente. Después del inicio del enfriamiento, se observó un comportamiento lineal decreciente para la motilidad y el vigor espermático del semen en función del tiempo, difiriendo (P < 0.05) entre tratamientos. Cabe destacar que el tratamiento diluido en BTS® mostró una reducción más pronunciada en el mantenimiento de los parámetros evaluados (P<0,05) a lo largo del tiempo, con los valores más bajos de motilidad espermática y vigor dentro de cada tiempo evaluado: 16h [20,6 ± 7,28 y 0,75 (0,375 -1.5)], 24h [12,0 ± 6,80 y 0 (0 - 1,0)] y 48h [3,0±2,13 y 0 (0 - 0,125)]. Después de 48 h de enfriamiento, BotuDogⓇ presentó el valor más alto de motilidad espermática (71,0 +2,08) y, junto con BotuSemenⓇ, presentó el valor más alto de vigor espermático (2,5). De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos, los diluyentes BotuDogⓇ y BotuSemenⓇ fueron eficientes en mantener parámetros espermáticos adecuados, mostrando buena viabilidad espermática hasta 48 horas después de la refrigeración a 5°C. A través de este trabajo se obtuvieron resultados inéditos respecto a parámetros espermáticos de semen de conejo refrigerado que pueden ser utilizados como valores de referencia para el manejo reproductivo y procesamiento de semen de estos animales, dada la falta de estas recomendaciones técnicas.

Technological performance of different rabbit meat cuts in processing cured cooked ready-to-eat meat products / Desempenho tecnológico de cortes diferentes de carne de coelho no processamento de produtos cárneos curados cozidos prontos para consumo

There is a worldwide demand for new protein sources through environmentally responsible production, and rabbit farming is a sustainable activity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize meat from different cuts of rabbit carcasses and evaluate their use in the processing of restructured cured cooked ready-to-eat (RTE) products. Rabbit raw meats from different cuts were technologically characterized, and the RTE products were processed from the meats of the entire carcass (RABB), hind legs (RHIND), loin (RLOIN), and foreleg, thoracic cage, and flank (RBACK). Restructured pork cooked ham (PHAM) was used as the reference. Rabbit raw meat from different anatomical parts differed in proximate composition, total collagen and heme-pigment content, water-holding capacity, and CIE color, affecting the characteristics of processed products. RBACK products had higher fat content (5.46%), cooking and reheating losses (7.50% and 5.61%), and poor hardness and chewiness (11.1 N and 17.37 N×mm). Higher values of lightness (L* ~70.27), hue (h ~68.61°), and a slight cured color were observed in RLOIN, with a pale yellowish color described by sensory evaluation. RABB and RHIND were correlated with the sensory attributes of traditional PHAM, being preferred more often and with greater purchase intent than RLOIN and RBACK. It is concluded that cooked ham development from whole carcass meat (RABB) is a potential opportunity for the rabbit industry to offer value-added technological products of high quality to consumers.

Há uma demanda mundial por novas fontes proteicas de produções ambientalmente responsáveis, e a cunicultura se enquadra perfeitamente como uma atividade sustentável. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a carne de diferentes cortes da carcaça de coelho e avaliar sua utilização no processamento de produtos curados cozidos prontos para o consumo (RTE). As carnes cruas de coelho de diferentes cortes foram caracterizadas tecnologicamente, e os produtos RTE foram processados a partir das carnes de carcaça inteira (FC-INT), patas traseiras (FC-PERNIL), lombo (FCLOMBO), patas dianteiras, caixa torácica e flanco (FC-APARAS). Um produto RTE com carne de pernil suíno (APRESUNTADO) também foi elaborado como referência. A carne de coelho de diferentes partes anatômicas diferiu na composição centesimal, conteúdo total de colágeno e pigmento heme, capacidade de retenção de água e cor (CIE), afetando as características dos produtos elaborados. Os produtos FC-APARAS apresentaram maior teor de gordura (5.46%), perdas por cozimento e reaquecimento (7,50% e 5,61%), baixa dureza e mastigabilidade (11.1 N e 17.37 N×mm). Maiores valores de luminosidade (L* ~70.27), matiz (h ~68.61°) de cor e uma fraca cor curada foram observados no FC-LOMBO, com uma coloração amarelada pálida descrita pela avaliação sensorial. FC-INT e FC-PERNIL foram correlacionados com os atributos sensoriais do tradicional APRESUNTADO, sendo mais preferidos e com maior intenção de compra do que FCLOMBO e FC-APARAS. Concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento de produtos curados cozidos a partir de carcaças inteiras (FC-INT) é uma oportunidade potencial para a indústria de cunicultura oferecer produtos tecnológicos de valor agregado e de alta qualidade aos consumidores.

Effects of Zingiber officinale as a feed additive on productive parameters, carcass quality, and meat quality in growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger as an additive in the diet of fattening rabbits. Sixty weaned rabbits (35 days old) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15). Animals were fed ad libitum with a control diet or one of three experimental diets supplemented with 0.5, 1, and 2 g of ginger per 100 g of feed during 28 d. Weight gain in the final week of the experiment was significantly greater in rabbits fed ginger at 0.5 g/100 g of feed than in those fed ginger at 1 and 2 g/100 g of feed or the control diet. No significant differences in morphometric measurements were observed among the treatments, but higher values of live weight, carcass length, and carcass circumference were observed in rabbits treated with ginger than in those fed the control diet. Regarding carcass quality parameters involving the kidneys and empty gastrointestinal tract, we found that rabbits treated with ginger at 0.5 g/100 g of feed showed significant differences from those treated with ginger at 1 and 2 g/100 g of feed or the control diet. pH, water holding capacity, L*, and a* did not significantly differ among the treatments, although greater water holding capacity was observed in rabbits treated with ginger than in control rabbits. Parameter b* was significantly higher in rabbits fed ginger at 2 g/100 g of feed than in those fed at 0.5 and 1 g/100 g of feed and in the control. The results found suggest that ginger can be used as an additive in diets of fattening rabbits.(AU)

Effect of season and housing system on hematochemical attributes in rabbits of Southern Punjab, Pakistan / Efeito da estação do ano e do sistema de alojamento nos atributos hemato-químicos em coelhos do Punjab do Sul, Paquistão

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of season and housing system on hematochemical attributes of rabbits in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Adult healthy rabbits (n=30) were divided into two groups of equal size (n=15). Group I was housed in a modern cage system and group II in traditional colony system for a period of one year. Blood samples of rabbits from both groups were collected in the summer and the winter seasons and analyzed for various hematochemical attributes. Hematochemical attributes including red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total white blood cell (WBC) count, mixed cells (MID), granulocytes (GRA), glucose and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were lowered significantly (P<0.05) in the summer in relation to the winter, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), creatinine, and cholesterol level were significantly (P<0.05) higher during the summer season. Biochemical attributes as cholesterol, triglycerides and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the caged rabbits. In conclusion, the summer season caused a significant decrease in most of the hematochemical attributes whereas housing system did not affect most of the hematochemical attributes of the rabbits under the climatic conditions of Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

O presente estudo foi realizado para investigar o efeito da estação do ano e do sistema de alojamento nos atributos hemato-químicos dos coelhos no Sul do Punjab, Paquistão. Os coelhos adultos saudáveis (n=30) foram divididos em dois grupos de mesmo tamanho (n=15). O grupo I foi alojado em um moderno sistema de gaiolas e o grupo II em sistema de colônia tradicional por um período de um ano. Amostras de sangue de coelhos em ambos os grupos foram coletadas no verão e no inverno e analisadas para vários atributos hemato-químicos. Os atributos hemato-químicos, incluindo contagem de hemácias, hematócrito (HCT), volume corpuscular médio (MCV), contagem total de leucócitos, células mistas (MID), granulócitos (GRA), glicose e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) foram significativamente reduzidos (P<0.05) no verão comparado ao inverno, enquanto a hemoglobina corpuscular média (HGM), a concentração média de hemoglobina corpuscular (HGM), creatinina e nível de colesterol foram significativamente (P<0,05) mais altos durante a estação do verão. Atributos bioquímicos como colesterol, triglicerídeos e globulina foram significativamente (P<0,05) mais baixos em coelhos engaiolados. Em conclusão, a estação do verão causou uma diminuição significativa na maioria dos atributos hemato-químicos, enquanto o sistema de alojamento não afetou a maioria dos atributos hemato-químicos dos coelhos sob as condições climáticas do Punjab do Sul, Paquistão.

Comparative compositional and functional venomic profiles among venom specimens from juvenile, subadult and adult Russell's viper ( Daboia siamensis ): correlation with renal pathophysiology in experimental rabbits

Abstract Background: Eastern Russell's viper (Daboia siamensis) is one of the most medically significant snakes responsible for the development of acute renal failure. However, variation of the clinical picture and renal pathophysiology following bites by young and adult D. siamensis have not been elucidated. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the venomic profiles of D. siamensis at different maturation stages of juvenile, subadult and adult groups. The same pooled venom from each group was subjected to enzymatic, electrophoretic and proteomic analysis, including sublethal toxicity (0.1 mg/kg iv.) examined on bodily functions by comparing the venom compositional and functional profiles among venom specimens from juvenile, subadult and adult D. siamensis by correlating them with the renal pathophysiology in experimental rabbits. Results: The comparative studies revealed that juvenile venom possessed higher phospholipase A2 , metalloproteinase and serine proteinase levels, while subadult and adult venoms contained more L-amino acid oxidase, phosphodiesterase, the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, disintegrin families and endothelial growth factor. An in vivo study revealed that the adult and subadult venoms caused persistent hypotension and bradycardia, while thrombocytopenia was a more characteristic effect of juvenile venom. All venom age groups showed significant reductions in renal hemodynamics and electrolyte excretions. The juvenile venom caused a higher tubulonephrosis lesion score than adult and subadult venoms. Conclusions: The D. siamensis venom shows an ontogenetic shift in its compositions and activities. Renal function alterations after envenomation depend on either the synergistic actions of different venom components or the disproportionate expression between the concentrations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins in each age venom group. The high proportion of enzymatic toxin proteins in the juvenile venom results in greater nephrotoxicity.(AU)

Lumbar paravertebral block in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) submitted to pelvic limb amputation: case report / Bloqueio paravertebral lombar em coelho (Oryctolagus cuniculus) submetido à amputação de membro pélvico: relato de caso

The concern about pain management in exotic mammals is increasing. However, only a few studies describe locoregional anesthesia techniques in rabbits. Thus, this report aims to describe the lumbar paravertebral block, guided by peripheral nerve stimulation, in a rabbit undergoing mid-femoral amputation. We received a one-year-old rabbit weighing 1.27kg with a history of non-union of the right femur and osteomyelitis. The animal came to us for high pelvic limb amputation. After premedication with ketamine, midazolam, and morphine, the patient was maintained under general anesthesia in a non-rebreathing circuit under spontaneous ventilation with isoflurane vaporized in 0.6 oxygen. Using a peripheral nerve stimulator, we performed the lumbar paravertebral block, positioning the needle between the L5 and L6 vertebrae and injecting 0.2mL/kg bupivacaine. The patient remained stable throughout the procedure, without the need for analgesic rescue with opioids during surgery and postoperatively. The discharge occurred after 24 hours. The lumbar paravertebral block proved efficient for trans and postoperative analgesia for high pelvic limbic amputation in rabbits.

A preocupação quanto ao manejo da dor em mamíferos exóticos é crescente, entretanto existem poucos estudos que descrevem o uso de técnicas de anestesia locorregional em coelhos. Assim, este relato tem por objetivo descrever o bloqueio paravertebral lombar guiado por neurolocalizador em um coelho submetido à amputação mediofemoral. Um coelho de um ano de idade e 1,27kg foi atendido com histórico de não união de fêmur direito e osteomielite, sendo encaminhado para amputação alta do membro pélvico. Após pré-medicação com cetamina, midazolam e morfina, o paciente foi mantido sob anestesia geral em circuito sem reinalação de gases, sob ventilação espontânea com isoflurano vaporizado em 0,6 de oxigênio. O bloqueio do plexo lombar foi realizado pela abordagem paravertebral, com o auxílio de neurolocalizador, sendo a agulha posicionada entre as vértebras L5 e L6 e injeção de 0,2mL/kg de bupivacaína 0,5%. O paciente manteve-se estável durante todo o procedimento, sem a necessidade de resgate analgésico com opioides no trans e no pós-operatório. O paciente recebeu alta médica após 24 horas. O bloqueio lombar paravertebral demonstrou-se eficiente para analgesia trans e pós-operatória no procedimento de amputação alta de membro pélvico de coelho.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal method for describing growth curve of rabbits / Método transversal e longitudinal para descrição da curva de crescimento de coelhos

Rabbit farming is an activity with high growth potential due to its easy handling, high prolificacy, low polluting impact, and easy adaptability to family farming systems, producing meat of high biological value. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate, using von Bertalanffy's nonlinear model, growth curves of weight as a function of age in 'Flemish Giant Rabbits' and 'New Zealand White' crossbred rabbits. Two different data collections were used: the longitudinal method and the cross-sectional method. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Lavras, located in the municipality of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, where 10 crossbred rabbits were evaluated, and animals were weighed from 0 to 150 days of age. Both methods proved to be adequate to describe the development of rabbits and the cross-sectional method proved to be an adequate alternative to obtention of growth curves, saving time in data collection and showing consistent estimates.

A cunicultura é uma atividade com alto potencial de crescimento devido à facilidade em seu manejo e à alta prolificidade, por apresentar baixo impacto poluidor, por se enquadrar bem em sistemas próprios de agricultura familiar, além de produzir carne de alto valor biológico. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio do modelo não linear de von Bertalanffy, curvas de crescimento de coelhos mestiços de Gigante de Flandres e Nova Zelândia Branco, utilizando-se dois métodos distintos da coleta dos dados: o método longitudinal e o método transversal, a fim de estimar o crescimento do peso em função da idade. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Lavras, situado no município de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliados 10 coelhos mestiços, cuja pesagem foi realizada de 0 a 150 dias de idade. Os dois métodos se mostraram adequados para descrever o crescimento de coelhos, e o método transversal se revelou uma boa alternativa, com ganho de tempo na coleta dos dados e apresentando estimativas consistentes.

Efeitos da tosquia no conforto térmico e desempenho produtivo de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) / Effects of shearing on thermal comfort and productive performance of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) / Efectos de la esquila sobre el confort térmico y el rendimiento productivo de conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus

O coelho é uma das espécies mais sensíveis às condições do meio que vivem, sendo a temperatura e umidade os fatores que mais têm influência no seu ambiente. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a tosquia como alternativa para melhorar o conforto térmico e o desempenho produtivo de coelhos criados de forma intensiva em uma região de clima semiárido. Foram utilizados 26 coelhos mestiços, sadios e em fase de engorda, sendo divididos em gaiolas individuais em dois grupos: treze animais submetidos a tosquia (G1) e treze sem tosquia (G2). O conforto térmico foi avaliado todos os dias pelo cálculo de Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITH) e pela análise e comparação dos parâmetros: frequência respiratória (FR), temperatura retal (TR) e temperaturasuperficial (TS). A temperatura e umidade do ambiente foram verificadas em todos os dias do experimento, às 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 e 18:00 horas, com um termo-higrômetro. O desempenho dos animais foi avaliado pela pesagem nos dias 0, 10, 20 e 30 do experimento. Como resultado, a FR e TS apresentaram diferença estatística (P<0,05), o grupo dos animais tosquiados apresentou média inferior de FR (221,6 ± 15,4) em relação aos não tosquiados (240,2 ± 26,1). Em relação à TS, houve menores temperaturas nos animais tosquiados (33,8°C ± 0,3) quando comparados com os não tosquiados (35,0°C ± 0,2). Quanto à TR, ficou próximo de 39,5 ºC, inferindo assim que os mecanismos de regulação térmica interno dos animais conseguiram manter a homeotermia desejada. O ganho de peso obteve média de 771,4 gramas no grupo dos animais tosquiados, e 705,2 gramas no grupo dos não tosquiados. Em relação à TR e desempenho dos animais, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas (P > 0,05). De acordo com os dados obtidos, conclui-se que atosquia pode ser um meio de melhorar o conforto térmico de coelhos.(AU)

The rabbit is one of the most sensitive species to the conditions of the environment in which they live, with temperature and humidity being the factors that most influence their environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate shearing as an alternative to improve the thermal comfort and productive performance of rabbits raised intensively in a region with a semi-arid climate. Twenty-six mixed, healthy and fattening stage rabbits were used and divided into individual cages into two groups: thirteen animals submitted to shearing (G1) and thirteen without shearing (G2). Thermal comfort was evaluated every day by calculating the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and by analyzing and comparing the parameters: respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and superficial temperature (ST). The temperature and humidity of the environment were checked every day of the experiment, at 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00 hours, with a thermo-hygrometer. The performance of the animals was evaluated by weighingon 0, 10, 20 and 30 days of the experiment. As a result, the RR and ST showed a statistical difference (P<0.05), the group of sheared animals had a lower mean of RR (221.6 ± 15.4) in relation to the no sheared animals (240.2 ± 26.1). Regarding the ST, there were lower temperatures in the sheared animals (33.8°C ± 0.3) when compared to the no sheared animals (35.0°C ± 0.2). As for the RT was close to 39.5 ºC, inferring that the thermal regulation mechanisms of the animals managed to maintain the desired homeothermia. Weight gain averaged 771.4 grams in the sheared group, and 705.2 grams in the no sheared group. Regarding the RT and performance of the animals, no statistical differences were observed (P>0.05). According to the data obtained, it is concluded that shearing can improve the thermal comfort of rabbits.(AU)

El conejo es una de las especies más sensibles a las condiciones del medio en el que vive, siendo la temperatura y la humedad los factores que más influyen en su entorno. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la esquila como alternativapara mejorar el confort térmico y el desempeño productivo de conejos criados de forma intensiva en una región de clima semiárido. Se utilizaron 26 conejos mestizos, sanos y en fase de engorde, divididos en jaulas individuales en dos grupos: trece animalessometidos a esquila (G1) y trece sin esquila (G2). El confort térmico se evaluó diariamente mediante el cálculo del Índice de Temperatura y Humedad (ITH) y mediante el análisis y comparación de los parámetros: frecuencia respiratória (FR), temperatura rectal (TR) y temperatura superficial (TS). La temperatura y humedad del ambiente se verificado todos los días del experimento, a las 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 y 18:00 horas, con un termohigrómetro. El rendimiento de los animales se evaluó mediante pesaje los días 0, 10, 20 y 30 del experimento. Como resultado, el FR y el TS mostraron diferencia estadística (P<0,05), el grupo de animales esquilados tuvo una media de FR más baja (221,6 ± 15,4) en relación a los animales no esquilados (240,2 ± 26,1). En cuanto a la TS, hubo temperaturas más bajas en los animales esquilados (33,8 °C ± 0,3) en comparación con los animales no esquilados (35,0 °C ± 0,2). En cuanto a la TR, fue cercana a los 39,5 ºC, infiriendo que los mecanismos internos de regulación térmica de los animales lograron mantener la homeotermia deseada. El aumento de peso promedió 771,4 gramos en el grupo esquilado y 705,2 gramos en el grupo no esquilado. En cuanto al TR y rendimiento de los animales, no se observaron diferencias estadísticas (P > 0,05). De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos, se concluye que las esquila puede ser un medio para mejorar el confort térmico de los conejos.(AU)

Effect of crude propolis on the performance and feed digestibility of new zealand white rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and digestibility of diets containing different levels of crude propolis for growing rabbits. Forty-eight New Zealand White rabbits, 43 days old, of both genders, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design. There were four diets with different inclusion levels of crude propolis (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%). There was no statistical difference for performance regarding the inclusion levels of crude propolis (p = 0.85), as well as for the variables dry matter consumption, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p ≥ 0.07). Crude protein consumption showed a statistical difference in relation to gender (p = 0.04): males showed higher consumption. However, final weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain and feed efficiency were not influenced by the addition of crude propolis (p ≥ 0.37). Dry matter digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were not influenced by the inclusion levels of crude propolis in the diets (p ≥ 0.12). This study indicates that the inclusion of raw propolis up to 1.5% in the diets does not affect the performance parameters of rabbits.(AU)

Effect of crude propolis on the performance and feed digestibility of new zealand white rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and digestibility of diets containing different levels of crude propolis for growing rabbits. Forty-eight New Zealand White rabbits, 43 days old, of both genders, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design. There were four diets with different inclusion levels of crude propolis (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%). There was no statistical difference for performance regarding the inclusion levels of crude propolis (p = 0.85), as well as for the variables dry matter consumption, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p ≥ 0.07). Crude protein consumption showed a statistical difference in relation to gender (p = 0.04): males showed higher consumption. However, final weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain and feed efficiency were not influenced by the addition of crude propolis (p ≥ 0.37). Dry matter digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were not influenced by the inclusion levels of crude propolis in the diets (p ≥ 0.12). This study indicates that the inclusion of raw propolis up to 1.5% in the diets does not affect the performance parameters of rabbits.

Clinical assessment of acid-base balance in Netherland Dwarf rabbit / Avaliação clínica do equilíbrio ácido-básico em coelhos Anã Holandês

Pet rabbits have increased their popularity in a lot of countries. However, most of the laboratory profiles in rabbit medicine come from the observations made in rabbit as biomodels or meat production. So that further researches are necessary to obtain reference values for hematology and biochemical profiles in pet rabbits and the different breeds, especially, in relation to acid-base balance. The aim of this report was to offer the mean values of the main parameters connected with acid-base profile in Netherland Dwarf breed. Thirty-five healthy rabbits (15 males and 20 females) were studied. Venous blood sample from lateral saphenous vein was analyzed to measure: haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, blood pH, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), total CO2, ions bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, base excess and anion Gap. Results showed a shorter range that those reported by different researchers. Moreover, differences between genders were showed in pCO2, its values were higher in males. It may be associated with a greater cellular metabolism. Values obtained in this research should be taken into account by veterinary clinicians for this breed in their clinical assessments. Besides, these values provide new results in parameters with few reference values.

A popularidade de coelhos como animais de estimação aumentou em muitos países. No entanto, a maioria dos perfis de laboratório em medicina de coelhos advém das observações de biomodelos animais ou da produção de carne. Assim, são necessárias pesquisas adicionais para obter valores de referência para hematologia e perfis bioquímicos em coelhos de estimação, e das diferentes raças, especialmente, em relação ao equilíbrio ácido-base. O objetivo deste relatório foi oferecer os valores médios dos principais parâmetros ligados ao perfil ácido-base na raça Anã Holandês. Trinta e cinco coelhos saudáveis ​​(15 machos e 20 fêmeas) foram estudados. A amostra de sangue venoso da veia safena lateral foi analisada para mensuração: hematócrito, hemoglobina, nitrogênio ureico sanguíneo, glicose, pH sanguíneo, pressão parcial de CO2 (pCO2), CO2 total, íons bicarbonato, cloreto, sódio, potássio, excesso de base e ânion Gap. Os resultados apresentaram um intervalo menor do que aqueles relatados por diferentes pesquisadores. Além disso, as diferenças entre os gêneros foram mostradas na pCO2, seus valores foram maiores no sexo masculino. Pode estar associado a um maior metabolismo celular. Os valores obtidos nesta pesquisa devem ser levados em consideração pelos clínicos veterinários para esta raça em suas avaliações clínicas. Além disso, esses valores fornecem novos resultados em parâmetros com poucos valores de referencia.

Clinical assessment of acid-base balance in Netherland Dwarf rabbit / Avaliação clínica do equilíbrio ácido-básico em coelhos Anã Holandês

Pet rabbits have increased their popularity in a lot of countries. However, most of the laboratory profiles in rabbit medicine come from the observations made in rabbit as biomodels or meat production. So that further researches are necessary to obtain reference values for hematology and biochemical profiles in pet rabbits and the different breeds, especially, in relation to acid-base balance. The aim of this report was to offer the mean values of the main parameters connected with acid-base profile in Netherland Dwarf breed. Thirty-five healthy rabbits (15 males and 20 females) were studied. Venous blood sample from lateral saphenous vein was analyzed to measure: haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, blood pH, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), total CO2, ions bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, base excess and anion Gap. Results showed a shorter range that those reported by different researchers. Moreover, differences between genders were showed in pCO2, its values were higher in males. It may be associated with a greater cellular metabolism. Values obtained in this research should be taken into account by veterinary clinicians for this breed in their clinical assessments. Besides, these values provide new results in parameters with few reference values.(AU)

A popularidade de coelhos como animais de estimação aumentou em muitos países. No entanto, a maioria dos perfis de laboratório em medicina de coelhos advém das observações de biomodelos animais ou da produção de carne. Assim, são necessárias pesquisas adicionais para obter valores de referência para hematologia e perfis bioquímicos em coelhos de estimação, e das diferentes raças, especialmente, em relação ao equilíbrio ácido-base. O objetivo deste relatório foi oferecer os valores médios dos principais parâmetros ligados ao perfil ácido-base na raça Anã Holandês. Trinta e cinco coelhos saudáveis (15 machos e 20 fêmeas) foram estudados. A amostra de sangue venoso da veia safena lateral foi analisada para mensuração: hematócrito, hemoglobina, nitrogênio ureico sanguíneo, glicose, pH sanguíneo, pressão parcial de CO2 (pCO2), CO2 total, íons bicarbonato, cloreto, sódio, potássio, excesso de base e ânion Gap. Os resultados apresentaram um intervalo menor do que aqueles relatados por diferentes pesquisadores. Além disso, as diferenças entre os gêneros foram mostradas na pCO2, seus valores foram maiores no sexo masculino. Pode estar associado a um maior metabolismo celular. Os valores obtidos nesta pesquisa devem ser levados em consideração pelos clínicos veterinários para esta raça em suas avaliações clínicas. Além disso, esses valores fornecem novos resultados em parâmetros com poucos valores de referencia.(AU)

Biocompatibilidade do gel de quitosana associado ao glicerol fosfato na reparação de defeitos ósseos induzidos experimentalmente no rádio de coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / [Biocompatibility of chitosan gel associated with glycerol phosphate for the healing of experimentally induced radial defects in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)]

A engenharia de tecidos caracteriza-se como ciência interdisciplinar, a qual vem desenvolvendo biomateriais para a regeneração do tecido ósseo no âmbito das medicinas humana e veterinária. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a regeneração óssea obtida da aplicação do hidrogel de quitosana associado ao glicerol fosfato em falha óssea experimentalmente induzida no rádio de coelhos. Foram utilizados 15 coelhos adultos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, representados por cada um dos rádios de cada animal, sendo um grupo tratado com hidrogel de quitosana associado ao glicerol fosfato (grupo biomaterial - GB) e um grupo que não recebeu tratamento com o biomaterial (grupo controle - GC). Os animais foram avaliados radiograficamente, por densitometria óptica e análise histológica, nos períodos 30, 60 e 90 dias pós-operatórios. Houve superioridade estatística na média geral das avaliações radiográficas do GB (2,33±0,48) sobre o GC (1,77±0,06). As médias gerais de avaliação densitométrica do GB foram superiores às do GC, sendo 6,207±1,374 e 5,71±1,512, respectivamente. A avaliação histopatológica do GB foi superior à do GC nos períodos de 30, 60 e 90 dias. Assim, é possível afirmar que o hidrogel de quitosana constitui biomaterial de características desejáveis, promovendo consolidação óssea mais rápida e eficiente, sem causar reações adversas.(AU)

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary science that has been developing biomaterials for bone regeneration in medicine and veterinary medicine, following an imminent need. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration after use of chitosan hydrogel associated with glycerol phosphate in experimentally induced bone gap in the radius of rabbits. Fifteen adult rabbits were randomly distributed in two experimental groups, represented by each radius of every single animal. The animals in the Biomaterial Group (GB) were treated with a glycerol phosphate-associated chitosan hydrogel and in the Control Group (GC) they received no treatment with the biomaterial. The animals were evaluated clinically, radiographically, histologically and by optic densitometry at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively. There was statistical superiority in the general average of the radiographic estimates of GB (2.33 ± 0.48) over the CG (1.77 ± 0.06). The general averages of GB densitometric evaluation were higher than the CG, being 6.207 ± 1.374 and 5.71 ± 1.512, respectively. Histopathological evaluation of GB was superior to CG in periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. Chitosan hydrogel constitutes a biomaterial of desired characteristics, promoting faster and more efficient bone repair when compared to GC.(AU)

HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines in experimental acute lung injury induced in rabbits / [HMGB1 e citocinas inflamatórias em lesão pulmonar aguda experimental induzida em coelhos]

The aim of this work was to measure HMGB1, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), serum and TLR2 and TLR4mRNA expression in lung tissue of rabbits with two grades of acute lung injury (ALI). The animals were randomly assigned to groups with severe (S) and mild/moderate (MM) ALI, induced with warm saline, and a control group. HMGB1, TNF-alpha, IL-8, TLR2mRNA and TLR4mRNA were measured after ALI induction. The results showed increased levels of IL-8, TNF-alpha, HMGB1 and TLR4mRNA in the ALI groups. HMGB1, IL-8 and TNF-alpha concentrations in BAL were higher in S compared MM. Increased TLR4mRNA was observed in S and MM versus control. The results suggest an early participation of HMGB1 in ALI together with IL-8 and TNF-alpha and association with severity. TLR4 has early expression and role in ALI pathophysiology but is not associated with severity.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar os níveis de HMGB1, TNF-alfa e IL-8 no lavado broncoalveolar (BAL), bem como quantificar a expressão sérica de TLR2 e TLR4 mRNA em tecido pulmonar de coelhos com dois graus de lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA). Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos com LPA grave (S) e leve / moderada (MM), induzidas com solução salina morna, e um grupo controle. HMGB1, TNF-alfa, IL-8, TLR2mRNA e TLR4mRNA foram medidos após a indução de LPA e quatro horas de ventilação mecânica. Os resultados mostraram níveis aumentados de IL-8, TNF-alfa, HMGB1 e TLR4mRNA nos grupos com LPA. As concentrações de HMGB1, IL-8 e TNF-alfa no LBA foram maiores no S comparado ao MM. Aumento de TLR4mRNA foi observado em S e MM versus controle. Os resultados sugerem uma participação precoce da HMGB1 na LPA em conjunto com IL-8 e TNF-alfa e associação com a gravidade da LPA. O TLR4 foi expresso na ALI e possivelmente possui papel precoce na fisiopatologia da LPA, mas sem associação com a gravidade.(AU)

Efeitos dos colírios a base de cloridrato de dorzolamida a 2% e latanoprosta a 0, 005% sobre a superfície ocular de coelhos / Effects of 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride and 0.005% latanoprost solutions on the eye surface of rabbits

Background: The glaucoma is a progressive optical neuropathy generally associated to the increase of the intraocular pressure (IOP). It is a disease of difficult therapeutic conduct and potential cause of blindness. The dorzolamide at 2% and the latanoprost at 0.005% are topical antiglaucoma drugs that cause significant reduction of the IOP. We decided to evaluate the local adverse effects of the dorzolamide at 2% and of the latanoprost at 0.005% in rabbits treated during 120 days. Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen adult male rabbits were used in this study. They were randomly distributed into 3 groups (G) [n = 6]. Each animal received topical treatment in both eyes: GI (latanoprost at 0.005%, SID); GII (dorzolamide at 2%, TID) and GIII (ultra-pure water, TID) during 120 days. Ophthalmological evaluation was carried out through daily clinical examination, and at the end of the 120 days of treatment, it was verified clinical-ophthalmological alterations in the eyelids. The measurement of ECC was performed in triplicate, obtaining the lowest value among them as a result. They were carried out at the same time, in the morning between 9 and 10 am in order to avoid the effects of daytime ECC variation related to corneal hydration. In animals from group I, changes were observed in two eyes. Conjunctival hyperemia and ocular secretion, both in mild degree, were evidenced, respectively, in 13.75% and 9.1% of the observations. Conjunctival hyperemia was characterized from the 16th day and lasted until the final time (120 days). The animals from GII, treated with dorzolamide at 2%, presented the highest number of ophthalmological alterations. At the end of the experiment, conjunctival and eyelid changes and presence of ocular secretion, both ranging from mild to moderate, were observed in 60% and 16.32% of eyes, respectively. The animals from control group, GIII, did not present ophthalmological alterations. Discussion: Clinical signs observed in eyes...

Clinical assessment of acid-base balance in Netherland Dwarf rabbit

Abstract Pet rabbits have increased their popularity in a lot of countries. However, most of the laboratory profiles in rabbit medicine come from the observations made in rabbit as biomodels or meat production. So that further researches are necessary to obtain reference values for hematology and biochemical profiles in pet rabbits and the different breeds, especially, in relation to acid-base balance. The aim of this report was to offer the mean values of the main parameters connected with acid-base profile in Netherland Dwarf breed. Thirty-five healthy rabbits (15 males and 20 females) were studied. Venous blood sample from lateral saphenous vein was analyzed to measure: haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, blood pH, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), total CO2, ions bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, base excess and anion Gap. Results showed a shorter range that those reported by different researchers. Moreover, differences between genders were showed in pCO2, its values were higher in males. It may be associated with a greater cellular metabolism. Values obtained in this research should be taken into account by veterinary clinicians for this breed in their clinical assessments. Besides, these values provide new results in parameters with few reference values.

Resumo A popularidade de coelhos como animais de estimação aumentou em muitos países. No entanto, a maioria dos perfis de laboratório em medicina de coelhos advém das observações de biomodelos animais ou da produção de carne. Assim, são necessárias pesquisas adicionais para obter valores de referência para hematologia e perfis bioquímicos em coelhos de estimação, e das diferentes raças, especialmente, em relação ao equilíbrio ácido-base. O objetivo deste relatório foi oferecer os valores médios dos principais parâmetros ligados ao perfil ácido-base na raça Anã Holandês. Trinta e cinco coelhos saudáveis (15 machos e 20 fêmeas) foram estudados. A amostra de sangue venoso da veia safena lateral foi analisada para mensuração: hematócrito, hemoglobina, nitrogênio ureico sanguíneo, glicose, pH sanguíneo, pressão parcial de CO2 (pCO2), CO2 total, íons bicarbonato, cloreto, sódio, potássio, excesso de base e ânion Gap. Os resultados apresentaram um intervalo menor do que aqueles relatados por diferentes pesquisadores. Além disso, as diferenças entre os gêneros foram mostradas na pCO2, seus valores foram maiores no sexo masculino. Pode estar associado a um maior metabolismo celular. Os valores obtidos nesta pesquisa devem ser levados em consideração pelos clínicos veterinários para esta raça em suas avaliações clínicas. Além disso, esses valores fornecem novos resultados em parâmetros com poucos valores de referencia.

HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines in experimental acute lung injury induced in rabbits / [HMGB1 e citocinas inflamatórias em lesão pulmonar aguda experimental induzida em coelhos]

The aim of this work was to measure HMGB1, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), serum and TLR2 and TLR4mRNA expression in lung tissue of rabbits with two grades of acute lung injury (ALI). The animals were randomly assigned to groups with severe (S) and mild/moderate (MM) ALI, induced with warm saline, and a control group. HMGB1, TNF-alpha, IL-8, TLR2mRNA and TLR4mRNA were measured after ALI induction. The results showed increased levels of IL-8, TNF-alpha, HMGB1 and TLR4mRNA in the ALI groups. HMGB1, IL-8 and TNF-alpha concentrations in BAL were higher in S compared MM. Increased TLR4mRNA was observed in S and MM versus control. The results suggest an early participation of HMGB1 in ALI together with IL-8 and TNF-alpha and association with severity. TLR4 has early expression and role in ALI pathophysiology but is not associated with severity.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar os níveis de HMGB1, TNF-alfa e IL-8 no lavado broncoalveolar (BAL), bem como quantificar a expressão sérica de TLR2 e TLR4 mRNA em tecido pulmonar de coelhos com dois graus de lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA). Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos com LPA grave (S) e leve / moderada (MM), induzidas com solução salina morna, e um grupo controle. HMGB1, TNF-alfa, IL-8, TLR2mRNA e TLR4mRNA foram medidos após a indução de LPA e quatro horas de ventilação mecânica. Os resultados mostraram níveis aumentados de IL-8, TNF-alfa, HMGB1 e TLR4mRNA nos grupos com LPA. As concentrações de HMGB1, IL-8 e TNF-alfa no LBA foram maiores no S comparado ao MM. Aumento de TLR4mRNA foi observado em S e MM versus controle. Os resultados sugerem uma participação precoce da HMGB1 na LPA em conjunto com IL-8 e TNF-alfa e associação com a gravidade da LPA. O TLR4 foi expresso na ALI e possivelmente possui papel precoce na fisiopatologia da LPA, mas sem associação com a gravidade.(AU)

Immunohistochemical localization of progesterone receptors alpha (PRA) in ovary of the pseudopregnant rabbit

Progesterone plays an important role in the reproductive function and follicular development in mammals. The aim of the present study was to examine the localization of progesterone receptor alpha (PRA) in ovary of pseudopregnant rabbit by immunohistochemical methods. Samples were collected from 14 h. to 18 days of pseudopregnancy. At the first stage of pseudopregnancy (14 h.), the rabbit ovary showed moderate immunostaining of PRA in the granulosa cells and theca interna cells of preovulatory follicle and in the stroma cells. At the middle stage of pseudopregnancy (3-7 days), the rabbit ovary showed strong immunostaining of PRA in ovarian surface epithelial cells, follicular cells of the primary follicle, granulosa cells and theca interna cells of the growing and antral follicles. Moderate immunoexpression of PRA were observed in the large lutein cells and endothelial cells of the corpus haemorrhagicum and corpus luteum and in the stroma cells. At the end of pseudopregnancy (18 days) strong PRA reactions were detected in the small lutein cells of the regressed corpus luteum. Moderate to strong PRA immuno-expression were observed in the proliferated theca interna cells of the atretic antral follicles. The atretic large lutein cells of the regressed corpus luteum showed negative immunostaining for PRA. This study showed that the PRA positive small lutein cells of the regressed corpus luteum and the PRA positive proliferated theca interna cells of the atretic antral follicles were transformed into PRA positive interstitial gland cells. In conclusion, the present study had described the distribution of PRA in the ovary of pseudopregnant rabbit, which is not discussed before in the available literature. It also gives more information about follicular dynamic, formation and origin of interstitial glands, mechanism of ovulation, formation and regression of the corpus luteum.