Changes in expression levels of Nod-like receptors in the spleen of ewes

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptors (NOD-like receptors, NLRs) have critical effects on interfaces of the immune and reproductive systems, and the spleen plays a key role in both innate and adaptive immune functions. It is hypothesized that NLR family participates in maternal splenic immune regulation during early pregnancy in sheep. In this study, maternal spleens were collected on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and days 13, 16 and 25 of gestation (n = 6 for each group) in ewes. Expression of NLR family, including NOD1, NOD2, class II transactivator (CIITA), NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich repeat and Pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3 and NLRP7, was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results revealed that expression levels of NOD1, NOD2, CIITA and NLRP3 were downregulated at days 13 and 16 of pregnancy, but expression of NLRP3 was increased at day 25 of pregnancy. In addition, expression values of NAIP and NLRP7 mRNA and proteins were improved at days 16 and 25 of pregnancy, and NLRP1 was peaked at days 13 and 16 of pregnancy in the maternal spleen. Furthermore, NOD2 and NLRP7 proteins were limited to the capsule, trabeculae and splenic cords. In summary, early pregnancy changes expression of NLR family in the maternal spleen, which may be related with the maternal splenic immunomodulation during early pregnancy in sheep.(AU)

Study of the upper pole after subtotal splenectomy in rats

Purpose: To evaluate macro/microscopic viability of the upper pole (UP) in rats after 80 days of subtotal splenectomy preserving the upper pole (SSPUP). Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were submitted to SSPUP. After 80 days, the rats were euthanized, and the remaining UP was evaluated macroscopically regarding appearance, color, consistency, length, width, thickness, and presence of fibrosis/necrosis; and microscopically regarding presence of red and white pulp, fibrosis/necrosis. Results: Two rats died during surgery and were removed from the statistical analysis. There was statistically significant increase in length and width between the pre and postoperative in the experimental group, with no significant difference in thickness. In the manipulation group, the macroscopic appearance of the spleen was normal in pre and postoperative, with viability preserved. In the experimental group, two UP of the spleen were not found during the second surgery. Macroscopically, it was observed absence of fibrosis and necrosis in all cases. Microscopically, the white and red pulp were intact in both groups. Two spleens of rats in the manipulation group presented areas with fibrosis and necrosis focus, which were not enough to be considered inviable. Conclusions: The UP of the spleen remained viable in 91.3% of the cases.

Canine splenic tumors: Histopathological study of 9 cases in Uruguay, 2019-2020

There are no reports of what kind of spleen tumors have developed within a certain period of time in Uruguay. Therefore, we investigated spleen tumors that were surgically resected and brought into our laboratory for a year (2019-2020). As a result, 9 splenic tumors were observed. Hemangiosarcomas occurred at the highest incidence in 6 of 9 cases. In addition, 1 case each of lymphoma, fibrosarcoma, and perivascular wall tumor was observed. Furthermore, the perivascular wall tumor, which has not been reported so far, was observed in a seven years-old female Cocker Spaniel.(AU)

Histopathological case study of canine hemangiosarcoma with multiple organ metastases

We studied a 14-year-old male dog necropsied. Gross findings were hemorrhagic nodules in the spleen, liver, heart and abdominal and thoracic lymph nodes. Histologically, we homogeneously observed tumor cells often with prominent, bulging and mitotic nuclei that were pleomorphic and hyperchromatic, forming small blood vessels. Tumors in all organs were diagnosed as capillary hemangiosarcomas. No tumor cells were detected in the lungs. We presume that the primary tumor was present in the spleen, from where it metastasized multiple organs via lymphatic vessels.(AU)

Cyclosporine reduces the spleen dimensions in rabbits

Purpose To assess the influence of prolonged cyclosporine use on the macro- and microscopic morphology of the spleen. Methods 16 adult rabbits were divided into two groups (n = 8): group 1 a placebo group, which was followed-up over a period of nine months; group 2 which had taken an oral dose of cyclosporine (10 mg·kg1·day1) over nine months. At the end of this period, the splenic histoarchitecture of all animals was evaluated and the splenic corpuscles were measured. Results The spleens of the first group presented normal characteristics and dimensions. The second group, however, had a reduction in all dimensions and its tissue texture had become soft. The white pulp and the perivascular sheath had become reduced in size and the number of lymphoid follicles had also fallen (p = 0.002), manifesting less splenic corpuscles (p = 0.0012) and lymphocyte nuclear pigments (p = 0.03). Conclusions Prolonged use of cyclosporine reduces the spleen size, transforming it into a soft organ associated with a decrease in white pulp, perivascular sheath, lymphoid follicles and nuclear pigments in rabbits.(AU)

Early pregnancy affects expression of Toll-like receptor signaling members in ovine spleen

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved to the maternal immune tolerance. The spleen is essential for adaptive immune reactions. However, it is unclear that early pregnancy regulates TLR-mediated signalings in the maternal spleen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of early pregnancy on expression of TLR signaling members in the ovine spleen. Ovine spleens were collected at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy (n = 6 for each group). Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to detect TLR signaling members, including TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). The results showed that expression levels of TLR2, TLR4 and IRAK1 were downregulated, but expression levels of TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, TRAF6 and MyD88 were increased during early pregnancy. In addition, MyD88 protein was located in the capsule, trabeculae and splenic cords of the maternal spleen. This paper reports for the first time that early pregnancy has effects on TLR signaling pathways in the ovine spleen, which is beneficial for understanding the maternal immune tolerance during early pregnancy.

Primary culture macrophages from fish as potential experimental model in toxicity studies with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has been broadly used in several sectors of society. This material when exposed to the environment might reach the aquatic animals and cause toxic effects. Here, it was evaluated the MWCNTs toxicity in melanomacrophages primary culture that was submitted to 1 µ gm L-1 MWCNTs for 24 hours. After exposition to MWCNT, 48 and 59% liver and spleen melanomacrophages were healthy, respectively. The control group presented 85% viability. Phagocytosis activity of melanomacrophages was observed by presence of black inclusions in cytoplasm. The findings indicate MWCNT was cytotoxic to melanomacrophages, where its release and effect into aquatic environment must be more studied. Finally, the melanomacrophages present large potential as experimental model for evaluation of carbon-based nanomaterial toxicity.

Atypical spleen hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a dog

Background: The histiocytic sarcoma (HS) complex is a set of malignant neoplasms originating from interstitial dendritic cells or macrophages. When it involves macrophages of the splenic red pulp and bone marrow, it is referred to as hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS). HHS behaves more aggressively than HS and is usually fatal. HHS can be diagnosed by cytological and histopathological examination of neoplastic tissue. HHS is confirmed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-CD11d antibody. This neoplasm is often confused with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or Evans syndrome due to erythrophagocytosis and platelet consumption. The clinical presentation of the animals progresses with evident anemia and thrombocytopenia, leading to signs such as prostration, inappetence, and pale mucosa, making diagnosis challenging and often late. This study aimed to report the clinic-pathological aspects of a canine with atypical hemophagocytic splenic HS. Case: A 4-year-old male Shih-Tzu canine was referred to the Veterinary Hospital with a history of prostration and anorexia. Pale mucous membranes were observed on physical examination. Blood tests revealed non-regenerative anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Serum protein levels were below the reference values for the species in biochemical examinations. Hemoparasitosis was suspected; however, the result of the polymerase chain reaction was negative. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a splenomegaly with heterogeneous parenchyma and a slightly irregular surface, but no visible mass in the spleen. Due to the difficulty of stabilizing the patient, even after successive transfusions, the animal underwent exploratory laparotomy with medial access and posterior splenectomy. Subsequently, the spleen was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed routinely. Macroscopically, it had an irregular reddish-brown capsular surface. Histopathological examination of the spleen revealed a densely cellular neoplasm composed of round to spindle cells (histiocytes) arranged haphazardly in variably sized sheets separating the pre-existing spleen stroma. These histopathological findings were consistent with a histiocytic malignant neoplasm. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to better define the origin of the histiocytic neoplasm. Neoplastic cells showed positive immunostaining of more than 80% of tumor cells for the CD11d antibody and weak immunostaining for CD11c and lysozyme. The patient survived for less than 30 days after the first hospital visit. Discussion: The diagnosis of HHS was based on the histological characteristics and positive immunostaining of more than 80% of the tumor cells for the CD11d antibody. HHS is an extremely aggressive and rare tumor that affects elderly dogs of any breed. In this study, HHS had atypical histologic characteristics, in which erythrophagocytosis and hemosiderin were not observed within macrophages. HHSs arise from macrophages of the red pulp of the spleen or bone marrow and express the b2 integrin, CD11d, and have low expression of CD1 and CD11c, which are predominantly expressed by non-hemophagocytic HS. The hematological and biochemical changes observed in this case were similar to those described in other dogs with HHS. Treatment of HHS is only palliative. Erlichia ewingii, E. canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia are the main differential diagnoses because they cause anemia and thrombocytopenia accompanied by splenomegaly.

Primary culture macrophages from fish as potential experimental model in toxicity studies with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) has been broadly used in several sectors of society. This material when exposed to the environment might reach the aquatic animals and cause toxic effects. Here, it was evaluated the MWCNTs toxicity in melanomacrophages primary culture that was submitted to 1 µ gm L-1 MWCNTs for 24 hours. After exposition to MWCNT, 48 and 59% liver and spleen melanomacrophages were healthy, respectively. The control group presented 85% viability. Phagocytosis activity of melanomacrophages was observed by presence of black inclusions in cytoplasm. The findings indicate MWCNT was cytotoxic to melanomacrophages, where its release and effect into aquatic environment must be more studied. Finally, the melanomacrophages present large potential as experimental model for evaluation of carbon-based nanomaterial toxicity.(AU)

Early pregnancy affects expression of Toll-like receptor signaling members in ovine spleen

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved to the maternal immune tolerance. The spleen is essential for adaptive immune reactions. However, it is unclear that early pregnancy regulates TLR-mediated signalings in the maternal spleen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of early pregnancy on expression of TLR signaling members in the ovine spleen. Ovine spleens were collected at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy (n = 6 for each group). Real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to detect TLR signaling members, including TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). The results showed that expression levels of TLR2, TLR4 and IRAK1 were downregulated, but expression levels of TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR9, TRAF6 and MyD88 were increased during early pregnancy. In addition, MyD88 protein was located in the capsule, trabeculae and splenic cords of the maternal spleen. This paper reports for the first time that early pregnancy has effects on TLR signaling pathways in the ovine spleen, which is beneficial for understanding the maternal immune tolerance during early pregnancy.(AU)

Reduction in pregnancies and litters in mice couples with splenectomized male

Purpose The spleen is relevant in blood purification, hematopoiesis, metabolism, and immune response to antigens, in addition to the storage and control on the release of metals and amino acids. Its functions concerning reproduction characteristics are still unknown. The objective was to study the influence of splenectomies on reproduction. Methods This study analyzed 25 mice couples, distributed into five groups: group 1 control, no surgery: group 2 control, submitted to laparotomy and laparorrhaphy only; group 3 splenectomy in male mice; group 4 splenectomy in female mice; group 5 splenectomy in male and female mice. The animals were studied as regards the number of gestations and offspring generated in each gestation. Results A decrease in both the number of gestations and the number of offspring was verified in the male mice that had received a splenectomy when coupled with normal female mice. It is important to emphasize lower reproduction level when paired asplenic males with normal females, otherwise, the couples in which both mice had been splenectomized did not present change in the reproduction pattern. Conclusions A reduction in the number of pregnancies and litters occurs in mice couples when the male mice were previously splenectomized.(AU)

Splenic myelolipoma in a dog / Mielolipoma esplênico em um cão

Myelolipoma is a benign neoplasm composed of mature adipocytes and hematopoietic elements. This tumor is rare in dogs and cats and can develop in several organs and tissues. This report describes a case of splenic myelolipoma in a dog characterizing its clinical-pathological and ultrasonography aspects. A 9-year-old, female, mixed-breed, castrated dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with increased abdominal circumference. Ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly with masses of not measurable dimensions along the entire length of the parenchyma. The spleen was removed, and a fragment was sent for histopathological analysis. Macroscopically, the spleen was enlarged, with irregularly nodular growths that project above the surface of the organ. Nodules were red with small yellow areas. Microscopically, the spleen was effaced by a well-demarcated and not encapsulated mass composed of histologically well-differentiated neoplastic adipose tissue with islands and nests of varying proportions of hematopoietic elements. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of myelolipoma. Myelolipomas are observed on ultrasound images as hyperechoic masses or nodules with homogeneous echo texture. Here, ultrasound appearance involved mixed echogenicity and heterogeneous echotexture, due to the mixture of fat and non-fatty material components of the tumor.(AU)

Mielolipoma é uma neoplasia composta por adipócitos maduros e elementos hematopoiéticos. Este tumor é raro em cães e gatos e pode se desenvolver em diversos órgãos e tecidos. Descreve-se um caso de mielolipoma esplênico em um cão caracterizando seu aspecto clínico-patológico e ultrassonográfico. Um canino, fêmea, castrada, SRD, de 9 anos de idade foi encaminhada para o Hospital Veterinário com um aumento na circunferência abdominal. A ultrassonografia abdominal revelou esplenomegalia com massas de dimensões imensuráveis em toda a extensão do parênquima. Foi realizada esplenectomia total e um fragmento do baço foi encaminhado para análise histopatológica. Macroscopicamente o baço estava aumentado de tamanho, com crescimentos nodulares irregulares que se projetam acima da superfície do órgão. Os nódulos eram vermelhos com pequenas áreas amarelas. Microscopicamente foi observada uma massa bem demarcada e encapsulada composta por tecido adiposo neoplásico bem diferenciado, com ilhas e ninhos de elementos hematopoiéticos de proporção variada. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo exame histopatológico. Mielolipomas são observados nas imagens ultrassonográficas como massas hiperecóicas ou nódulos com ecotextura homogênea. Neste caso, o achado ultrassonográfico mostrou ecogenicidade mista e ecotextura heterogênea, provavelmente devido à mistura dos componentes do tumor com material gorduroso e não gorduroso.(AU)

Sarcoma estromal esplênico em canino da raça labrador / Splenic stromal sarcoma in a labrador dog

Background: Splenic stromal neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors that shares the morphology of spindle cells, and are considered a primary mesenchymal neoplasm of the spleen. Among these neoplasms, some are as yet unclassified. Although stromal neoplasms represent 25 a 50% of dog splenic neoplasms in dogs, subtypes rarely occur alone. As these neoplasms are difficult to diagnose in the routine veterinary medical examination, the objective of this article was to report a case of splenic stromal sarcoma in a dog treated at a private veterinary hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Case: An 8-year-old male labrador dog was treated at a veterinary hospital for an initial clinical suspicion of gastroenteritis. Clinical examinations showed anemic ocular mucosa and a distended abdomen. Considering the animal's condition, blood count, serum biochemistry, and abdominal ultrasonography (US) were requested. The laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and changes in the indices of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), among other findings. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatomegaly, diffuse splenomegaly, a neoformation in the spleen suggestive of splenic neoplasia, and mild cystic prostatic hyperplasia. The dog underwent exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy. During the procedure, a nodule was found attached to the spleen. It was removed, fixed in a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations (vimentin, S100, desmin, MyoD1, HHF35, CD31, and alpha smooth muscle actin). The histopathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated spindle cell splenic sarcoma, compatible with splenic stromal sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry showed neoplastic cells immunoreactive for vimentin and S100, and it was not reactive for other markers. Based on the immunohistochemical and morphological profile, the diagnosis of splenic stromal sarcoma was confirmed. Discussion: Dogs affected by splenic neoplasms are generally aged between three and 17 years, and clinically present with anorexia, emesis, lethargy, weight loss, and abdomen distension, which were observed in the present case. However, a purelyclinical diagnosis is disputable, since other diseases can present the same signs. Thus, complementary exams are essential for a correct diagnosis. Laboratory changes in blood count and serum biochemistry are considered nonspecific for splenic neoplasms, with neutrophilic leukocytosis and anemia being consistent with paraneoplastic syndromes frequently diagnosed in small animals. Microscopically, splenic stromal sarcomas are characterized by focal splenic nodules composed of cohesive polygonal to spindle-shaped cell layers. The cells usually exhibit anisokaryosis and often have large oval to round vesicular nuclei and, occasionally, multinucleated cells. They have large areas of necrosis, diffuse or nodular lymphoid aggregates, and foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis, consistent with the histopathological examination reported in the present case. The immunohistochemical analysis included evaluation of seven markers to elucidate the histogenesis of the neoplasm, with the anti-vimentin and anti-S100 markers demonstrating positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, revealing the mesenchymal origin of the neoplasm. Thus, the definitive diagnosis was splenic stromal sarcoma, a rare and aggressive neoplasm.

Lipossarcoma pleomórfico esplênico primário em uma cadela / Primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a bitch

Background: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of tumorsdiagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavityorgans. This report refers to a primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathologicaland immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 14-year-old, 35 kg bitch mongrel with history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention waspresented to diagnosis. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume withneoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformationexhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collectionsof different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cellsof neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nucleus of the cells was large, eccentric and irregular,with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited markedanisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Mildinflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoidfollicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests...

Lipossarcoma pleomórfico esplênico primário em uma cadela / Primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a bitch

Background: Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of lipoblasts with low incidence in dogs, representing 1.7% of tumorsdiagnosed in the spleen. In veterinary medicine, this neoplasm is classified morphologically into the myxoid, well-differentiated, undifferentiated and pleomorphic subtypes, the latter being one of the most aggressive forms, mainly in cavityorgans. This report refers to a primary splenic pleomorphic liposarcoma in a female dog, addressing anatomopathologicaland immunohistochemical aspects.Case: A 14-year-old, 35 kg bitch mongrel with history of absence of defecation, progressive weight loss, difficulty walking, sensitivity to abdominal palpation, prostration, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea and abdominal distention waspresented to diagnosis. The condition evolved to death and, on necroscopy, there was an increase in splenic volume withneoformation of whitish and reddish color, measuring 32 × 27 cm in its largest axes and weighing 8.9 kg. The neoformationexhibited areas of firm and soft consistency, and sectioning revealed focal areas of extensive necrosis and cavity collectionsof different diameters that allowed the flow of liquid serous contents with a brownish red color. Microscopy showed cellsof neoplastic morphology infiltrating the splenic parenchyma, mostly with slightly acidophilic cytoplasm and few intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles, which varied in size and distribution. The nucleus of the cells was large, eccentric and irregular,with round to oval morphology, grossly lacy chromatin and single or multiple evident nucleoli. These cells exhibited markedanisocytosis, anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, with more than one mitotic figure per high magnification field visible. Mildinflammatory infiltrate, predominantly lymphocytic, permeated the neoplastic cells, and marked depletion of lymphoidfollicles and atrophy of the red pulp were found in the remaining splenic parenchyma. Immunohistochemical tests...(AU)

Vagotomy associated with splenectomy reduces lipid accumulation and causes kidneys histological changes in rats with hypothalamic obesity

Purpose To evaluate the influence of autonomic vagal and splenic activities on renal histomorphometric aspects in obese rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were used, of which, 24 received subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG) during the first 5 days of life (4 g/kg body weight) and six control animals received injections of saline solution (CON). Five experimental groups were organized (n = 6/group): falsely-operated control (CON-FO); falsely-operated obese (MSG-FO); vagotomized obese (MSG-VAG); splenectomized obese (MSG-SPL); vagotomized and splenectomized obese (MSG-VAG-SPL). Results The MSG-FO group animals showed a significant reduction in body weight and nasal-anal length when compared to CON-FO group animals (p 0.05). The MSG-VAG-SPL group showed significant reduced in most biometric parameters associated with obesity. Falsely-operated obese animals showed a significant reduction in renal weight, glomerular diameters, glomerular tuff and capsule areas and Bowmans space compared to CON-FO group animals (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in diameter, glomerular tuft and capsule areas, and Bowmans space in MSG-VAG, MSG-SPL, MSG-VAG-SPL groups when compared to the MSG-FO group. Conclusions Vagotomy associated with splenectomy induces a reduction in the adiposity and causes histological changes in the kidney of obese rats.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo de exames histopatológicos esplênicos na rotina laboratorial do Hospital Escola Veterinário UNIFAJ - de 2015 a 2020 / Retrospective study of splenic histopathological examinations in the laboratory routine of the UNIFAJ Veterinary School Hospital – from 2015 to 2020 / Estudio retrospectivo de exámenes histopatológicos esplénicos en la rutina de laboratorio del Hospital Escolar Veterinario UNIFAJ – desde 2015 a 2020

O baço canino exerce diversas funções, dentre elas linfáticas, hematopoiéticas, imunológicas e circulatórias, sendo que suas características morfológicas e funcionais facilitam a ocorrência de lesões neoplásicas e não neoplásicas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos resultados histopatológicos esplênicos, oriundos do Laboratório do Hospital Escola Veterinário do Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna (HEV- UNIFAJ) – Jaguary no período de 2015 a 2020. Foram analisadas 44 amostras esplênicas, nos achados histopatológicos 15/44 (34,1%) se tratavam de neoplasias, 28/44 (63,6%) representaram alterações não neoplásicas, enquanto que 1/44 (2,3%) foi diagnosticado como sítio metastático. Levando em consideração a prevalência das alterações não neoplásica, juntamente com as novas abordagens terapêuticas realizadas na medicina humana, a Medicina Veterinária poderia levar em conta tais fatores na elaboração de modernos planejamentos cirúrgicos e atuais escolhas de tratamentos.

The canine spleen has several functions, including lymphatic, hematopoietic, immunological and circulatory, and its morphological and functional characteristics facilitate the occurrence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. This work aims to carry out a retrospective study of splenic histopathological results, from the Laboratory of the Veterinary School Hospital of the Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna (HEV-UNIFAJ) - Jaguary in the period from 2015 to 2020. 44 splenic samples were analyzed, in the histopathological findings 15 / 44 (34.1%) were neoplasms, 28/44 (63.6%) represented non-neoplastic alterations, while 1/44 (2.3%) was diagnosed as a metastatic site. Taking into account the prevalence of non-neoplastic alterations, together with the new therapeutic approaches in human medicine, Veterinary Medicine could take such factors into account in the elaboration of modern surgical plans and current treatment choices.

El bazo canino ejerce diversas funciones, entre ellas linfáticas, hematopoyéticas, inmunológicas y circulatorias, siendo que sus características morfológicas y funcionales facilitan la occurencia de lesiones neoplásicas y no neoplásicas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio retrospectivo de los resultados histopatológicos esplénicos, oriundos del Laboratorio del Hospital Escuela Veterinaria del Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna (HEV-UNIFAJ) - Jaguary en el período de 2015 a 2020. Se analizaron 44 muestras esplénicas, en los hallazgos histopatológicos 15/44 (34,1%) se trataban neoplasias, 28/44 (63,6%) representaron alteraciones no neoplásicas, mientras que 1/44 (2,3%) fue diagnosticado como sitio metastásico. Teniendo en cuenta la prevalencia de las alteraciones no neoplásicas, junto con los nuevos enfoques terapéuticos realizados en la medicina humana, la Medicina Veterinaria podría tener en cuenta tales factores en la elaboración de modernos planes quirúrgicos y actuales opciones de tratamiento.

Estudo retrospectivo de exames histopatológicos esplênicos na rotina laboratorial do Hospital Escola Veterinário UNIFAJ - de 2015 a 2020 / Retrospective study of splenic histopathological examinations in the laboratory routine of the UNIFAJ Veterinary School Hospital from 2015 to 2020 / Estudio retrospectivo de exámenes histopatológicos esplénicos en la rutina de laboratorio del Hospital Escolar Veterinario UNIFAJ desde 2015 a 2020

O baço canino exerce diversas funções, dentre elas linfáticas, hematopoiéticas, imunológicas e circulatórias, sendo que suas características morfológicas e funcionais facilitam a ocorrência de lesões neoplásicas e não neoplásicas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos resultados histopatológicos esplênicos, oriundos do Laboratório do Hospital Escola Veterinário do Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna (HEV- UNIFAJ) Jaguary no período de 2015 a 2020. Foram analisadas 44 amostras esplênicas, nos achados histopatológicos 15/44 (34,1%) se tratavam de neoplasias, 28/44 (63,6%) representaram alterações não neoplásicas, enquanto que 1/44 (2,3%) foi diagnosticado como sítio metastático. Levando em consideração a prevalência das alterações não neoplásica, juntamente com as novas abordagens terapêuticas realizadas na medicina humana, a Medicina Veterinária poderia levar em conta tais fatores na elaboração de modernos planejamentos cirúrgicos e atuais escolhas de tratamentos.(AU)

The canine spleen has several functions, including lymphatic, hematopoietic, immunological and circulatory, and its morphological and functional characteristics facilitate the occurrence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. This work aims to carry out a retrospective study of splenic histopathological results, from the Laboratory of the Veterinary School Hospital of the Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna (HEV-UNIFAJ) - Jaguary in the period from 2015 to 2020. 44 splenic samples were analyzed, in the histopathological findings 15 / 44 (34.1%) were neoplasms, 28/44 (63.6%) represented non-neoplastic alterations, while 1/44 (2.3%) was diagnosed as a metastatic site. Taking into account the prevalence of non-neoplastic alterations, together with the new therapeutic approaches in human medicine, Veterinary Medicine could take such factors into account in the elaboration of modern surgical plans and current treatment choices.(AU)

El bazo canino ejerce diversas funciones, entre ellas linfáticas, hematopoyéticas, inmunológicas y circulatorias, siendo que sus características morfológicas y funcionales facilitan la occurencia de lesiones neoplásicas y no neoplásicas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un estudio retrospectivo de los resultados histopatológicos esplénicos, oriundos del Laboratorio del Hospital Escuela Veterinaria del Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna (HEV-UNIFAJ) - Jaguary en el período de 2015 a 2020. Se analizaron 44 muestras esplénicas, en los hallazgos histopatológicos 15/44 (34,1%) se trataban neoplasias, 28/44 (63,6%) representaron alteraciones no neoplásicas, mientras que 1/44 (2,3%) fue diagnosticado como sitio metastásico. Teniendo en cuenta la prevalencia de las alteraciones no neoplásicas, junto con los nuevos enfoques terapéuticos realizados en la medicina humana, la Medicina Veterinaria podría tener en cuenta tales factores en la elaboración de modernos planes quirúrgicos y actuales opciones de tratamiento.(AU)

Macro and microscopic comparison of the upper pole of the spleen with the lower pole in partial splenectomy

Purpose To evaluate the viability of the upper (UP) and lower pole (LP) of the spleen from a macro and microscopic point of view, after subtotal splenectomy with preservation (SSP) of the UP and the LP. Methods Seventeen male Wistar rats, two months old, were submitted to SSPUP and SSPLP and 5 to simulated operation (SG). After 80 days, the rats were euthanized, and the remaining LP and UP and intact spleens were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Results Two rats died during the operation. Macroscopic analysis showed that in 15 LP, one of them was not viable and in 15 UP and in 5 spleens in the SG, all were viable. In the statistical analysis, there was no difference in relation to viability. The LP and UP analyzed showed variation. As for the length, the UP increased significantly; however, in relation to the width, there was a significant increase in the LP in relation to the UP. In addition, the weight of the UP was significantly greater than that of the LP. Microscopic analysis attested viability of the splenic remnants. Conclusion There was no significant difference regarding the viability of UP and LP, in macroscopy and microscopy.(AU)

The influence of splenic tissue on the survival and TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocyte rates in rats subjected to fecal peritonitis induction

Purpose: Comparing survival rates of rats subjected to spleen procedures after fecal peritonitis induction. Assessing changes in TCD4 and CD8 lymphocyte rates before and after the procedures. Correlating animal survival with CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed into 3 groups of ten: spleen manipulation (SM); total splenectomy (TS); subtotal splenectomy with preservation of the inferior pole (IP). Rats were subjected to surgical procedure depending on the group. Seven days after surgery they underwent induction of peritonitis and survival time was recorded. All animals were subjected to two blood collections: before surgery and 70 days after it for TCD4/TCD8 lymphocyte counting. Results: Mean survival time was longer in the IP and SM groups and shorter in the TS group; there was significant difference between them. The comparison of the median number of CD4 did not present changes, whereas the comparison of the median number of CD8 decreased in the SM and IP groups. The correlation between the median number of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes and the animals survival was not significant. Conclusion: The maintenance of splenic tissue contributed to increase the survival of rats and there was a change in the number of TCD8 lymphocytes.(AU)