Evaluation of extruded roughage with different additives in sheep diet / Evaluation of extruded roughage with different additives in sheep diet

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of extruded roughage Foragge® with different additives on intake, digestibility nutrients and nitrogen balance of sheep. Twenty adults, non-pregnant ewes with average weight 68 kg were used. The treatments were extruded roughage with additives (essential oil, virginiamycin, unpurified inactive yeast, tannin and purified inactive yeast). The design was in randomized blocks. The means were contrasted by SNK test, and the fecal score was tested by the Kruskal Wallis test (1952), at 5% significance. There was no difference in the intake of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen, water, water in relation to dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (p > 0.05). As well as the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, the fecal weight, fecal nitrogen, retained nitrogen and nitrogen retained in relation to nitrogen ingested (p > 0.05). However, dry matter intake as a function of body weight and metabolic weight, urinary nitrogen, hemicellulose intake, and hemicellulose as a function of NDF, were higher in the Foragge Factor® treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of different additives in the extruded roughage improved nutritional parameters, without causing disturbances.  

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of extruded roughage Foragge® with different additives on intake, digestibility nutrients and nitrogen balance of sheep. Twenty adults, non-pregnant ewes with average weight 68 kg were used. The treatments were extruded roughage with additives (essential oil, virginiamycin, unpurified inactive yeast, tannin and purified inactive yeast). The design was in randomized blocks. The means were contrasted by SNK test, and the fecal score was tested by the Kruskal Wallis test (1952), at 5% significance. There was no difference in the intake of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen, water, water in relation to dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (p > 0.05). As well as the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, the fecal weight, fecal nitrogen, retained nitrogen and nitrogen retained in relation to nitrogen ingested (p > 0.05). However, dry matter intake as a function of body weight and metabolic weight, urinary nitrogen, hemicellulose intake, and hemicellulose as a function of NDF, were higher in the Foragge Factor® treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of different additives in the extruded roughage improved nutritional parameters, without causing disturbances.  

Evaluation of extruded roughage with different additives in sheep diet

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of extruded roughage Foragge® with different additives on intake, digestibility nutrients and nitrogen balance of sheep. Twenty adults, non-pregnant ewes with average weight 68 kg were used. The treatments were extruded roughage with additives (essential oil, virginiamycin, unpurified inactive yeast, tannin and purified inactive yeast). The design was in randomized blocks. The means were contrasted by SNK test, and the fecal score was tested by the Kruskal Wallis test (1952), at 5% significance. There was no difference in the intake of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen, water, water in relation to dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (p > 0.05). As well as the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, the fecal weight, fecal nitrogen, retained nitrogen and nitrogen retained in relation to nitrogen ingested (p > 0.05). However, dry matter intake as a function of body weight and metabolic weight, urinary nitrogen, hemicellulose intake, and hemicellulose as a function of NDF, were higher in the Foragge Factor® treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of different additives in the extruded roughage improved nutritional parameters, without causing disturbances.(AU)

Evaluation of extruded roughage with different additives in sheep diet

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of extruded roughage Foragge®with different additives onintake, digestibility nutrients and nitrogen balance of sheep. Twenty adults, non-pregnant ewes with average weight 68 kg were used. The treatments were extruded roughage with additives (essential oil, virginiamycin, unpurified inactive yeast, tannin and purified inactive yeast). The design was in randomized blocks. The means were contrasted by SNK test, and the fecal score was tested by the Kruskal Wallis test (1952), at 5% significance.There was no difference in the intake of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen, water, water in relation to dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (p>0.05).As well as the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, the fecal weight, fecal nitrogen, retained nitrogenand nitrogen retained in relation to nitrogen ingested (p>0.05).However, dry matter intake as a function of body weight and metabolic weight, urinary nitrogen, hemicellulose intake, and hemicellulose as a function of NDF, were higher in the Foragge Factor®treatment (p<0.05). The inclusion of different additives in the extruded roughage improved nutritional parameters, without causing disturbances.(AU)

Phenological development of fruits in cultivars of feijoa (Acca sellowiana) and its relationship with south american fruit fly infestation / Desenvolvimento fenológico de frutos em cultivares de goiabeira-serrana (Acca sellowiana) e sua relação com infestação da mosca-das-frutas sul americana

The present study aimed to evaluate the developmental phases of feijoa fruits associated with infestation by Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the nonpreference of fruit flies for ripe fruits of feijoa. Two tests were carried out. In the first trial, we evaluated the association between the developmental stages of feijoa fruits and infestation by A. fraterculus. To accomplish this, fruits at five different stages of development, from green to ripe, were examined from the Alcântara cultivar. In the second trial, we evaluated the nonpreference of A. fraterculus for ripe fruits of Alcântara, Helena, Mattos and access 2316 cultivars. Physicochemical analyses were performed on the fruits of both trials. In the second test, analyses of polyphenol index and tannin concentration were also performed. Feijoa fruits in stage I are the likely targets of attack by A. fraterculus. The fruits of Alcântara cultivar from stage II, with 39 mm of transversal diameter and soluble solids, presented four puparium / fruit. The fruits of Alcântara and access 2316 cultivars showed greater and lesser infestation, respectively. The fruits of access 2316 also showed a higher concentration of tannins compared to the three commercial cultivars tested, which may have conferred the greatest protection against infestation by A. fraterculus. Feijoa fruits from Alcântara and Mattos cultivars showed high susceptibility to infestation by A. fraterculus, requiring management practices to guarantee commercial production.

O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar as fases de desenvolvimento de frutos de feijoa associadas à infestação por Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) e a não preferência por frutos maduros. No primeiro ensaio, foi avaliado a influência dos cinco estágios de desenvolvimento dos frutos de feijoa na infestação por A. fraterculus na cultivar Alcântara. No segundo ensaio, foi avaliado a não preferência de A. fraterculus por frutos maduros das cultivares Alcântara, Helena, Mattos e acesso 2316. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas nos frutos de ambos os ensaios. No segundo ensaio, também foram realizadas análises do índice de polifenóis e concentração de taninos. Frutos de feijoa no estágio I são os prováveis alvos de ataque por A fraterculus. Os frutos do cultivar Alcântara, a partir do estádio II, quando apresentavam 39 mm de diâmetro transversal e sólidos solúveis, apresentaram quatro pupários/fruto. Os frutos da cultivar Alcântara e do acesso 2316 apresentaram maior e menor infestação, respectivamente. Os frutos do acesso 2316 também apresentaram a maior concentração de taninos do que nas três cultivares comerciais testadas, o que pode ter conferido a maior proteção contra infestação por A. fraterculus. Frutos de feijoa das cultivares Alcântara e Mattos apresentaram alta suscetibilidade à infestação por A. fraterculus, o que requer práticas de manejo para garantir a produção comercial.

A new species of aphid of the genus Nipponaphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae) from China, inducing galls on the trunk of a witch-hazel (Hamamelidaceae)

ABSTRACT Plants and insects have co-existed for millions of years. Although research has been conducted on various insect species that induce galls on various plant tissues, information is particularly scarce when it comes to insects that form galls on the tough trunk of their host plants. This contribution describes the gall-inducing aphid Nipponaphis hubeiensis sp. nov. from the Zhushan County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province of China. This aphid induces enclosed galls with woody external layer on the trunk of Sycopsis sinensis (Saxifragales: Hamamelidaceae), an uncommon ecological niche in the aphid-plant interaction system. Morphological features for the identification of new species are provided. In addition, a partial sequence of the nuclear gene EF1 was amplified and sequenced to construct a cluster graph. Based on the clustering graph combined with morphology traits, the gall-forming aphid was classified into Nipponaphis. The unique ecological habits of this new aphid will bring innovative perspectives to the study of the evolution and diversity in aphid-host interaction.

A new species of aphid of the genus Nipponaphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae) from China, inducing galls on the trunk of a witch-hazel (Hamamelidaceae)

Plants and insects have co-existed for millions of years. Although research has been conducted on various insect species that induce galls on various plant tissues, information is particularly scarce when it comes to insects that form galls on the tough trunk of their host plants. This contribution describes the gall-inducing aphid Nipponaphis hubeiensis sp. nov. from the Zhushan County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province of China. This aphid induces enclosed galls with woody external layer on the trunk of Sycopsis sinensis (Saxifragales: Hamamelidaceae), an uncommon ecological niche in the aphid-plant interaction system. Morphological features for the identification of new species are provided. In addition, a partial sequence of the nuclear gene EF1α was amplified and sequenced to construct a cluster graph. Based on the clustering graph combined with morphology traits, the gall-forming aphid was classified into Nipponaphis. The unique ecological habits of this new aphid will bring innovative perspectives to the study of the evolution and diversity in aphid-host interaction.(AU)

A new species of aphid of the genus Nipponaphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae) from China, inducing galls on the trunk of a witch-hazel (Hamamelidaceae)

Plants and insects have co-existed for millions of years. Although research has been conducted on various insect species that induce galls on various plant tissues, information is particularly scarce when it comes to insects that form galls on the tough trunk of their host plants. This contribution describes the gall-inducing aphid Nipponaphis hubeiensis sp. nov. from the Zhushan County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province of China. This aphid induces enclosed galls with woody external layer on the trunk of Sycopsis sinensis (Saxifragales: Hamamelidaceae), an uncommon ecological niche in the aphid-plant interaction system. Morphological features for the identification of new species are provided. In addition, a partial sequence of the nuclear gene EF1α was amplified and sequenced to construct a cluster graph. Based on the clustering graph combined with morphology traits, the gall-forming aphid was classified into Nipponaphis. The unique ecological habits of this new aphid will bring innovative perspectives to the study of the evolution and diversity in aphid-host interaction.(AU)

Use of banana (Musa sp) pseudostem hay in feedlot sheep feeding

The objective with this study was to evaluate intake, feeding behavior, rumen fluid characteristics, performance, and nutrient digestibility of sheep fed banana pseudostem hay (BPH) with and without virginiamycin (VM). Thirty-two uncastrated male crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês lambs at approximately five months of age, with an average initial body weight of 25.00±1.95 kg, were used in the experiment. Four diets were tested, as follows: Tifton grass hay (TGH) plus concentrate with VM; BPH replacing 60% of TGH plus concentrate with VM; TGH plus concentrate without VM; and BPH replacing 60% of TGH plus concentrate without VM. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement, in which the factors were represented by BPH and TGH with and without VM, organized in an orthogonal contrast. Banana pseudostem hay inclusion influenced nutrient intake, except for non-fibrous carbohydrates corrected for ash and protein. Neither idling nor water intake times were changed by VM inclusion or banana pseudostem hay addition. Rumen fluid pH did not differ among the contrasts (THV+BHV) vs. (TH+BH), THV vs. TH, and BHV vs. BH, which were used to evaluate VM influence. Banana pseudostem increased rumen fluid pH in the contrast THV vs. BHV, both treatments including VM. Mean temperature of rumen fluid was 34.07 °C, and it did not change by inclusions of VM or banana pseudostem hay. No difference was observed for crude protein digestibility in the evaluated contrasts. When associated with virginiamycin, banana pseudostem hay provides satisfactory performance and nutritional parameters for feedlot sheep. Virginiamycin does not change the performance or nutritional parameters of these animals when Tifton grass hay is used as the only roughage source.(AU)

Influence of supplementing Guinea grass with differently processed African yam bean on gas production and in vitro digestibility

This study evaluated the potential utilisation of African yam bean (AYB) seed as a supplement to Guinea grass on in vitro gas and methane (CH4) production, as well as the effect of processing on AYB nutritive value. In experiment 1, unprocessed AYB meal at 10, 15, 20, and 25% inclusion levels was added to Guinea grass substrate and evaluated for in vitro gas production, CH4, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). In experiment 2, the effect of soaked, boiled, toasted, and fermented AYB meal at 20% inclusion on in vitro fermentation was evaluated. In vitro gas production as well as in vitro organic matter digestibility of Guinea grass increased with AYB supplementation. The associative effect of Guinea grass with AYB showed an increase in gas and CH4 production. At 20% inclusion level, AYB processing methods did not affect the gas production, CH4, and IVOMD of the substrate. Fermentation improved the crude protein, iron, and zinc contents, reduced acid detergent fibre concentration but did not reduce the concentrations of alkaloid, total phenol, saponin, and trypsin inhibitors of AYB. Seed soaking for 48 h reduced the total phenol, tannin, oxalate, and phytate content, while seed boiling reduced the concentrations of alkaloid, total phenol, tannin, and trypsin inhibitors. Compared with the raw AYB, boiling is the most effective processing method to reduce the investigated phytochemicals, followed by soaking, toasting, and fermentation, in that order.(AU)

Qualidade e eficiência de produtos naturais no tratamento preservativo das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda / Quality and efficiency of natural products in the preservative treatment of the woods of Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis, and Pinus taeda

A madeira, devido sua constituição orgânica, é altamente suscetível a agentes biodeterioradores, tornando-se essencial o tratamento preservativo àquelas que apresentam baixa durabilidade natural. Atualmente, os principais produtos utilizados no tratamento preservativo da madeira são o CCA e o CCB, os quais em razão da sua constituição são tóxicos ao meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Frente à essa situação, torna-se essencial o desenvolvimento de estudos acerca de produtos naturais que apresentem ação biocida, podendo assim ser utilizado no tratamento de madeira, conferindo maior proteção e aumentando a vida útil da peça. Levando em consideração esta perspectiva, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade (penetração e retenção) e eficiência de preservantes naturais aplicados no tratamento das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda, submetidas ao apodrecimento acelerado em condições de laboratório. As madeiras das três espécies foram submetidas ao tratamento preservante com tanino, tall oil e óleo de nim, utilizando o método de imersão rápida a frio, na concentração de 5% do produto preservante, por cinco minutos. Na sequência foram avaliadas através do ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado sob à ação dos fungos apodrecedores Trametes versicolor e Gloeophyllum trabeum, seguindo as recomendações das normas ASTM D 2017 (2005) e ASTM D 1413...(AU)

Wood, due to its organic constitution, is highly susceptible to biodeterioration agents, making preservative treatment essential to those with low natural durability. Currently, the main products used in the preservative treatment of wood are CCA and CCB, which because of their constitution, are toxic to the environment and human health. Faced with this situation, it is essential to develop studies on natural products that have a biocidal action and thus can be used in the wood treatment, giving greater protection and increasing the lifespan of the piece. Considering this perspective, the present study aims to assess the quality (penetration and retention) and the efficiency of natural preservatives applied to the treatment of Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis, and Pinus taeda, subjected to accelerated rotting under laboratory conditions. The woods of the three species were submitted to preservative treatment with tannin, tall oil, and neem oil, using the cold quick immersion method at the concentration of 5% of the product preservative solution for five minutes. In the sequence, they were assessed by the accelerated rotting test under the action of rotting fungi Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum, following the recommendations of ASTM D 2017 (2005) and ASTM D 1413 (1999). Based on the results, it was observed that P. taeda wood showed the best...(AU)

Qualidade e eficiência de produtos naturais no tratamento preservativo das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda / Quality and efficiency of natural products in the preservative treatment of the woods of Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis, and Pinus taeda

A madeira, devido sua constituição orgânica, é altamente suscetível a agentes biodeterioradores, tornando-se essencial o tratamento preservativo àquelas que apresentam baixa durabilidade natural. Atualmente, os principais produtos utilizados no tratamento preservativo da madeira são o CCA e o CCB, os quais em razão da sua constituição são tóxicos ao meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Frente à essa situação, torna-se essencial o desenvolvimento de estudos acerca de produtos naturais que apresentem ação biocida, podendo assim ser utilizado no tratamento de madeira, conferindo maior proteção e aumentando a vida útil da peça. Levando em consideração esta perspectiva, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade (penetração e retenção) e eficiência de preservantes naturais aplicados no tratamento das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda, submetidas ao apodrecimento acelerado em condições de laboratório. As madeiras das três espécies foram submetidas ao tratamento preservante com tanino, tall oil e óleo de nim, utilizando o método de imersão rápida a frio, na concentração de 5% do produto preservante, por cinco minutos. Na sequência foram avaliadas através do ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado sob à ação dos fungos apodrecedores Trametes versicolor e Gloeophyllum trabeum, seguindo as recomendações das normas ASTM D 2017 (2005) e ASTM D 1413...

Wood, due to its organic constitution, is highly susceptible to biodeterioration agents, making preservative treatment essential to those with low natural durability. Currently, the main products used in the preservative treatment of wood are CCA and CCB, which because of their constitution, are toxic to the environment and human health. Faced with this situation, it is essential to develop studies on natural products that have a biocidal action and thus can be used in the wood treatment, giving greater protection and increasing the lifespan of the piece. Considering this perspective, the present study aims to assess the quality (penetration and retention) and the efficiency of natural preservatives applied to the treatment of Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis, and Pinus taeda, subjected to accelerated rotting under laboratory conditions. The woods of the three species were submitted to preservative treatment with tannin, tall oil, and neem oil, using the cold quick immersion method at the concentration of 5% of the product preservative solution for five minutes. In the sequence, they were assessed by the accelerated rotting test under the action of rotting fungi Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum, following the recommendations of ASTM D 2017 (2005) and ASTM D 1413 (1999). Based on the results, it was observed that P. taeda wood showed the best...

Adhesiveness neutralization in eggs of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) / Neutralização da adesividade em ovos de Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

The aim of this study was to remove the adhesiveness of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum eggs using solutions of urea for 10, 30, 60 and 90 min (treatments T0-T3) or, in urea for 10 min and washed in tannin (T4). In the control group, eggs were kept in water. After two experiments, we observed that eggs of control group presented the best embryo viability rates, even maintaining egg adhesiveness, being better than the other treatments. The T4, had the worst embryo viability rates. We observed that embryos of the T4 treatment presented reduced growth and formed a separate group when analyzing morphological parameters (egg diameter, total egg area, embryo area and yolk sac area) by multivariate analysis. Concluding, the control group, free of chemicals, provided the best results and is considered the best alternative for the immediate conservation and aquaculture production of P. fasciatum.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi neutralizar a adesividade de ovos de Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum a partir da utilização de soluções de ureia por 10, 30, 60 ou 90 min (tratamentos T0-T3) ou em ureia por 10 min e lavados em tanino (T4). No controle, os ovos foram mantidos apenas em água. Após dois experimentos realizados, no grupo controle foram observadas as melhores taxas de viabilidade embrionária, mesmo mantendo a adesividade dos ovos, sendo melhor que os demais tratamentos. No T4 foram verificadas as piores taxas de viabilidade embrionária. Foi observado que os embriões do tratamento T4 apresentaram crescimento reduzido e formaram um grupo separado após análise dos parâmetros morfológicos (diâmetro do ovo, área total do ovo, área do embrião e área do saco vitelínico) por análise multivariada. Concluiu-se que o grupo controle, livre de produtos químicos, proporcionou os melhores resultados, sendo considerado a melhor alternativa para a conservação imediata e produção aquícola de P. fasciatum.(AU)

In vitro action of Mimosa caesalpinifolia ketone extract on Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis / Ação in vitro do extrato cetônico da Mimosa caesalpinifolia sobre Haemonchus contortus e Trichostrongylus colubriformis

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Mimosa caesalpinifolia (sabiá) ketone extract, which is rich in condensed tannins (CT), on Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The leaves and stems of M. caesalpinifolia were collected, dried in the shade, and ground to a dry powder from which ketone extracts were obtained for in vitro assays. The extracts were diluted in 5% acetone and PBS to concentrations in the range 0.25-2.80 mg mL-¹ and the inhibition of egg hatchability was assayed. Feces collected from goats naturally infected with H. contortus (55%) and T. colubriformis (45%) were macerated and the helminth eggs were collected to conduct in vitro egg hatchability tests. Nematode larvae collected from the feces were used for a larval exsheathment inhibition assay of M. caesalpinifolia leaf and M. caesalpinifolia leaf and stem ketone extracts at concentrations of 0.6 and 1.2 mg mL-¹; three replicates were performed for each concentration. PBS was used as a negative control. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was added to the extracts to assess the effect of phenolic compounds on anthelmintic activity. An inhibitory effect of 80.7% and 82.3% was observed on hatchability after treatment with 1.0 and 2.0 mg mL-¹ M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone extract, respectively. An inhibition rate lower than 75% was observed for 1.0 mg mL-¹ M. caesalpinifolia leafand stem ketone extract. The M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone extract larval exsheathment assay resultedin inhibition of 97.3% and 99.8% at concentrations of 0.6 and 1.2 mg mL-¹, respectively. For the leafand stem ketone extract, the larval exsheathment inhibition was 94.3% at 1.2 mg mL-¹. The leaf andleaf and stem extracts showed no inhibitory effects on larval exsheathment after the addition of PVPP.These results showed that cuticular loss was related to the action of the phenolic compounds in the M.caesalpinifolia extracts. M. caesalpinifolia leaf ketone...(AU)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica in vitro do extrato cetônico, rico em Tanino Condensado (TC) de Mimosa caesalpinifolia (sabiá) sobre Haemonchus contortus e Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Foram coletadas folhas e caules, secas a sombra por sete dias e moídas. O pó seco das folhas e caules foi utilizado para obtenção dos extratos cetônicos e realização dos testes in vitro. Os extratos foram diluídos em acetona 5% e PBS em concentrações entre 0,25 e 2,80 mg mL-¹ para realização do teste de inibição da eclodibilidade de ovos. Fezes coletadas de caprino infectado com H. contortus (55%) e T. colubriformis (45%) foram maceradas e os ovos dos helmintos recuperados, e testes in vitro de eclodibilidade dos ovos realizados. Larvas dos nematódeos recuperadas das fezes foram utilizadas para o teste de inibição do desembainhamento larvar com os extratos de folhas, e folhas com caule de M. caesalpinifolia em concentrações de 0,6 a 1,2 mg mL-¹ com três repetições para cada concentração. O controle negativo foi realizado com PBS. Polivinilpolipirrolidona (PVPP) foi adicionado aos extratos para verificar o efeito de compostos fenólicos na atividade anti-helmíntica. No extrato cetônico de folha de M. caesalpinifolia, nas concentrações 1,0 e 2,0 mg mL-¹, foi observado uma taxa de inibição de eclodibilidade dos ovos de 80,7 e 82,3%, respectivamente. O extrato cetônico da folha de M. caesalpinifolia inibiu a eclodibilidade dos ovos,entretanto o extrato da folha e caule apresentou eficiência inferior, demonstrando que os compostosativos estão mais presentes nas folhas. Para a inibição do desembainhamento larvar os extratos cetônicosda M. caesalpinifolia foram eficazes na maior concentração testada. Com esses resultados, pesquisasin vivo devem ser realizadas para comprovação da atividade anti-helmíntica dessa planta em caprinos.(AU)

Adhesiveness neutralization in eggs of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) / Neutralização da adesividade em ovos de Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

The aim of this study was to remove the adhesiveness of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum eggs using solutions of urea for 10, 30, 60 and 90 min (treatments T0-T3) or, in urea for 10 min and washed in tannin (T4). In the control group, eggs were kept in water. After two experiments, we observed that eggs of control group presented the best embryo viability rates, even maintaining egg adhesiveness, being better than the other treatments. The T4, had the worst embryo viability rates. We observed that embryos of the T4 treatment presented reduced growth and formed a separate group when analyzing morphological parameters (egg diameter, total egg area, embryo area and yolk sac area) by multivariate analysis. Concluding, the control group, free of chemicals, provided the best results and is considered the best alternative for the immediate conservation and aquaculture production of P. fasciatum.

O objetivo deste estudo foi neutralizar a adesividade de ovos de Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum a partir da utilização de soluções de ureia por 10, 30, 60 ou 90 min (tratamentos T0-T3) ou em ureia por 10 min e lavados em tanino (T4). No controle, os ovos foram mantidos apenas em água. Após dois experimentos realizados, no grupo controle foram observadas as melhores taxas de viabilidade embrionária, mesmo mantendo a adesividade dos ovos, sendo melhor que os demais tratamentos. No T4 foram verificadas as piores taxas de viabilidade embrionária. Foi observado que os embriões do tratamento T4 apresentaram crescimento reduzido e formaram um grupo separado após análise dos parâmetros morfológicos (diâmetro do ovo, área total do ovo, área do embrião e área do saco vitelínico) por análise multivariada. Concluiu-se que o grupo controle, livre de produtos químicos, proporcionou os melhores resultados, sendo considerado a melhor alternativa para a conservação imediata e produção aquícola de P. fasciatum.

Energy and tannin extract supplementation for dairy cows on annual winter pastures / Suplementação com extrato tanífero e energia para vacas leiteiras em pasto anual de inverno

Energy supplementation can increase the consumption of metabolizable energy and substrate for microbial growth, while condensed tannins aid in increasing the duodenal flow of foodborne metabolizable proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of energy supplementation and the inclusion of tannin extract (TE) from Acacia mearnsii (Weibull Black, Tanac S. A., Montenegro, Brazil) on the production performance of dairy cows grazing on winter pastures. Nine multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation were distributed in a 3 × 3 Latin square experimental design over three periods of 28 days (21 adaptation and 7 sampling). The treatments were: without supplementation (WS), supplementation with 4 kg of corn grain (CG), and corn grain + 80 g of tannin extract (TE). The dry matter (DM) intake from pastures was similar among treatments, but the consumption of DM of the supplement was higher in the CG treatment than that in the TE treatment. The total DM intake was higher for the supplemented animals (17.3 kg?day-1) than that for the unsupplemented animals (14.9 kg?day-1) and in the TE treatment (17.7 kg?day-1) than in the CG treatment (16.7 kg day-1). Milk production increased from the unsupplemented to the supplemented animals (20.9 to 23.5 kg, respectively), while the content of urea N in the milk decreased (12.6 to 10.5 mg?100 mL-1, respectively).There were no differences in milk production or content of milk urea N between the CG and TE treatments. Energy supplementation is a tool for improving the nutritional profile and the performance of dairy cows in mid lactation grazing on annual winter pastures, while tannin extract aids in improving the energy balance.(AU)

A suplementação energética visa aumentar o consumo de energia metabolizável e de substrato para o crescimento microbiano, enquanto os taninos condensados são capazes de aumentar o fluxo duodenal de proteína metabolizável de origem alimentar. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação energética e da inclusão de extrato tanífero de Acacia mearnssi (Weibull Black, Tanac S. A., Montenegro, Brasil) no desempenho produtivo de vacas leiteiras em pasto de inverno. Foram utilizadas nove vacas multíparas da raça Holandês no terço médio de lactação, distribuídas num delineamento experimental em Quadrado latino 3 × 3, com três períodos de 28 dias (21 de adaptação e 7 de coleta). Os tratamentos foram sem suplementação (SS), suplementação com 4 kg de grão de milho (GM) e grão de milho + 80 g de extrato tanífero (ET). O consumo de MS de pasto foi similar entre os tratamentos, mas o consumo de MS do suplemento foi superior nos animais do tratamento GM em comparação àqueles do tratamento ET. O consumo de MS total foi superior nos animais suplementados (17,3 kg dia-1) em comparação aos não suplementados (14,9 kg dia-1) e nos do tratamento ET (17,7 kg dia-1) em comparação aos do tratamento GM (16,7 kg dia-1). A produção de leite aumentou (de 20,9 para 23,5 kg) e o teor de N ureico no leite reduziu de 12,6 para 10,5 mg 100 mL-1 nos animais suplementados em comparação aos não suplementados, mas não houve diferença entre os tratamentos GM e ET. A suplementação energética é uma ferramenta para a melhoria do perfil nutricional e do desempenho de vacas leiteiras no terço médio de lactação em pastos anuais de inverno, enquanto o extrato tanífero contribui para a melhoria do balanço energético.(AU)

Sorghum in diets for silver catfish Rhamdia quelen / Sorgo em dietas para o jundiá Rhamdia quelen

With the study we had aimed to verify the possible effects of replacing corn by low tannin sorghum in diets for silver catfish Rhamdia quelen on productive performance, carcass chemical composition, size and density of the villi. The experiment was conducted at the Instituto de Pesquisa em Aquicultura Ambiental InPAA in Toledo - PR. We used 600 fingerlings with average initial weight and length of 4.49 ± 0.80 g and 8.68 ± 0.62 cm respectively, distributed in 24 cages with a capacity of 1m 3 of useful volume. We used a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications, being each experimental unit consisted of a tank with 25 fish. The treatments consisted of six diets with increasing levels of 0; 20; 40; 60; 80 and 100% of sorghum to replace corn. During 114 days, the fingerlings were fed three times a day until apparent satiation. Productive performance, chemical composition, size and density of the villi showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) due to the result replacement of corn by sorghum. Thus, we can concluded that the partial or total replacement of corn by sorghum in diets for silver catfish is feasible because it does not modify the productive performance, the chemical composition of the carcass and the size and density of the intestinal villi.

Com o estudo teve-se por objetivo verificar os possíveis efeitos da substituição do milho pelo sorgo de baixo tanino em dietas para jundiá Rhamdia quelen no desempenho produtivo, composição centesimal da carcaça, tamanho e densidade das vilosidades. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto de Pesquisa em Aquicultura Ambiental InPAA, em Toledo - PR. Foram utilizados 600 alevinos com peso e comprimento inicial médios de 4,49 ± 0,80g e 8,68 ± 0,62 cm, respectivamente, distribuídos em 24 tanquesrede com capacidade de 1m 3 de volume útil. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo cada unidade experimental formada por um tanque com 25 peixes. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de seis dietas com níveis crescentes de 0; 20; 40; 60; 80 e 100% de sorgo em substituição ao milho. Durante 114 dias os alevinos foram alimentados três vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente. Desempenho produtivo, composição centesimal da carcaça, tamanho e densidade de vilosidades não diferiram (P > 0,05) em decorrência da substituição do milho pelo sorgo. Assim, concluiu-se que a substituição parcial ou total do milho pelo sorgo em dietas para jundiás é viável, pois não alteram o desempenho produtivo, a composição centesimal da carcaça e o tamanho e densidade das vilosidades intestinais.

In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage / Degrabilidade in situ da matéria seca e fração fibrosa da silagem de sorgo

This study aimed to evaluate in situ degradability and degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF of silage, with or without tannin in the grains. Two isogenic lines of grain sorghum (CMS-XS 114 with tannin and CMS-XS 165 without tannin) and two sorghum hybrids (BR-700 dual purpose with tannin and BR-601 forage without tannin) were ensiled; dried and ground silage samples were placed in nylon bags and introduced through the fistulas. After incubation for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, bags were taken for subsequent analysis of fibrous fractions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates and 4 treatments and means compared by Tukeys test at 5% probability. As for the DM degradation rate, silage of CMSXS165without tannin was superior. Silages of genotypes BR700 and CMSXS 114 with tannin showed the highest values of indigestible ADF (59.54 and 43.09%). Regarding the NDF, the potential degradation of silage of CMSXS165 line without tannin was superior. Tannin can reduce ruminal degradability of the dry matter and fibrous fractions.

Objetivou-se avaliar a degradabilidade in situ e a cinética de degradação da MS, FDN e FDA das silagens, com presença e ausência de tanino nos grãos. Foram utilizadas, duas linhagens isogênicas de sorgo granífero (CMS-XS 114 com tanino e CMS-XS 165 sem tanino) e dois híbridos de sorgo (BR-700 duplo propósito com tanino e BR-601 forrageiro sem tanino). Amostras de silagens secas e moídas foram colocadas em sacos de náilon e introduzidas nas fístulas dos bovinos. Após períodos de incubação de 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 h, os sacos foram removidos para análises posteriores das frações fibrosas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e quatro tratamentos e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey em nível de 5% de significância. Quanto à taxa de degradação da MS, a silagem da linhagem CM-SXS 165 sem tanino foi superior. As silagens dos genótipos BR 700 e CMS-XS 114 com tanino apresentaram os maiores valores de fração indigestível da fração FDA (59,54 e 43,09%). Para a FDN, observou-se que o potencial de degradação da silagem da linhagem CMS-XS 165 sem tanino foi superior. A presença do tanino pode reduzir a degradabilidade ruminal, da matéria seca e das frações fibrosas.

In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage / Degrabilidade in situ da matéria seca e fração fibrosa da silagem de sorgo

This study aimed to evaluate in situ degradability and degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF of silage, with or without tannin in the grains. Two isogenic lines of grain sorghum (CMS-XS 114 with tannin and CMS-XS 165 without tannin) and two sorghum hybrids (BR-700 dual purpose with tannin and BR-601 forage without tannin) were ensiled; dried and ground silage samples were placed in nylon bags and introduced through the fistulas. After incubation for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, bags were taken for subsequent analysis of fibrous fractions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates and 4 treatments and means compared by Tukeys test at 5% probability. As for the DM degradation rate, silage of CMSXS165without tannin was superior. Silages of genotypes BR700 and CMSXS 114 with tannin showed the highest values of indigestible ADF (59.54 and 43.09%). Regarding the NDF, the potential degradation of silage of CMSXS165 line without tannin was superior. Tannin can reduce ruminal degradability of the dry matter and fibrous fractions.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a degradabilidade in situ e a cinética de degradação da MS, FDN e FDA das silagens, com presença e ausência de tanino nos grãos. Foram utilizadas, duas linhagens isogênicas de sorgo granífero (CMS-XS 114 com tanino e CMS-XS 165 sem tanino) e dois híbridos de sorgo (BR-700 duplo propósito com tanino e BR-601 forrageiro sem tanino). Amostras de silagens secas e moídas foram colocadas em sacos de náilon e introduzidas nas fístulas dos bovinos. Após períodos de incubação de 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 h, os sacos foram removidos para análises posteriores das frações fibrosas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e quatro tratamentos e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey em nível de 5% de significância. Quanto à taxa de degradação da MS, a silagem da linhagem CM-SXS 165 sem tanino foi superior. As silagens dos genótipos BR 700 e CMS-XS 114 com tanino apresentaram os maiores valores de fração indigestível da fração FDA (59,54 e 43,09%). Para a FDN, observou-se que o potencial de degradação da silagem da linhagem CMS-XS 165 sem tanino foi superior. A presença do tanino pode reduzir a degradabilidade ruminal, da matéria seca e das frações fibrosas.(AU)

Sorghum in diets for silver catfish Rhamdia quelen / Sorgo em dietas para o jundiá Rhamdia quelen

With the study we had aimed to verify the possible effects of replacing corn by low tannin sorghum in diets for silver catfish Rhamdia quelen on productive performance, carcass chemical composition, size and density of the villi. The experiment was conducted at the Instituto de Pesquisa em Aquicultura Ambiental InPAA in Toledo - PR. We used 600 fingerlings with average initial weight and length of 4.49 ± 0.80 g and 8.68 ± 0.62 cm respectively, distributed in 24 cages with a capacity of 1m 3 of useful volume. We used a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications, being each experimental unit consisted of a tank with 25 fish. The treatments consisted of six diets with increasing levels of 0; 20; 40; 60; 80 and 100% of sorghum to replace corn. During 114 days, the fingerlings were fed three times a day until apparent satiation. Productive performance, chemical composition, size and density of the villi showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) due to the result replacement of corn by sorghum. Thus, we can concluded that the partial or total replacement of corn by sorghum in diets for silver catfish is feasible because it does not modify the productive performance, the chemical composition of the carcass and the size and density of the intestinal villi.(AU)

Com o estudo teve-se por objetivo verificar os possíveis efeitos da substituição do milho pelo sorgo de baixo tanino em dietas para jundiá Rhamdia quelen no desempenho produtivo, composição centesimal da carcaça, tamanho e densidade das vilosidades. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto de Pesquisa em Aquicultura Ambiental InPAA, em Toledo - PR. Foram utilizados 600 alevinos com peso e comprimento inicial médios de 4,49 ± 0,80g e 8,68 ± 0,62 cm, respectivamente, distribuídos em 24 tanquesrede com capacidade de 1m 3 de volume útil. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo cada unidade experimental formada por um tanque com 25 peixes. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de seis dietas com níveis crescentes de 0; 20; 40; 60; 80 e 100% de sorgo em substituição ao milho. Durante 114 dias os alevinos foram alimentados três vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente. Desempenho produtivo, composição centesimal da carcaça, tamanho e densidade de vilosidades não diferiram (P > 0,05) em decorrência da substituição do milho pelo sorgo. Assim, concluiu-se que a substituição parcial ou total do milho pelo sorgo em dietas para jundiás é viável, pois não alteram o desempenho produtivo, a composição centesimal da carcaça e o tamanho e densidade das vilosidades intestinais.(AU)

Desempenho de bovinos em pastejo durante o período chuvoso recebendo diferentes suplementos minerais

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de novilhas de corte recebendo dois tipos de aditivos via suplemento mineral. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos casualizados e compostos por três estratégias de suplementação, sendo o suplemento mineral (SM), suplemento mineral com salinomicina (SS) e suplemento mineral com tanino + salinomicina (STS), com consumo esperado de 18-27, 33-44 e 33-44 g por 100 kg PC dia-1 . Foram utilizadas 36 novilhas Nelore com peso inicial de 226 kg, em fase caracterizada como recria. Com isso, cada tratamento foi representado por 12 animais. As características agronômicas e estruturais da forragem não apresentaram diferença (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Isso era esperado, uma vez que os fatores que interferem na dinâmica do pasto foram iguais para todos. O consumo de suplemento apresentou diferença (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos estudados, o que já era previsto, uma vez que o suplemento do tratamento SM tinha um consumo esperado inferior os demais. No entanto os aditivados apresentaram consumo inferior ao esperado, fazendo que que a ingestão de aditivo fosse comprometida. O ganho médio diário dos animais não foi afetado (p>0,05) com a adição dos aditivos nos suplementos minerais. Os desempenhos foram de 0,658, 0,758, 0,679 respectivamente para os tratamentos SM, SS, STS. O consumo de suplemento abaixo do esperado pode ter influenciado nesse resultado. Outro fator é que sem os aditivos, os animais já apresentavam um bom desempenho, fazendo com que seja mais difícil um acréscimo no ganho quando os animais estão em pastos bem manejados.Com isso concluiu-se que a adição de tanino e/ou salinomicina na dieta de novilhas de corte, utilizando suplemento mineral como veículo de ingestão, não altera o desempenho dos animais consumindo pasto bem manejado no período das águas.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the performance of beef heifers receiving two types of additives via mineral supplement. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design and consisted of three supplementation strategies, being the mineral supplement (SM), mineral supplement with salinomycin (SS) and mineral supplement with tannin + salinomycin (STS), with an expected consumption of 18-27 , 33-44 and 33-44 g per 100 kg BW day-1. 36 Nellore heifers with an initial weight of 226 kg were used, in a phase characterized as breeding. Thus, each treatment was represented by 12 animals. The agronomic and recurrent characteristics of the forage did not differentiate (p> 0.05) between treatments. This was expected, since the factors that affect the dynamics of the pasture were the same for everyone. Supplement consumption has a difference (p <0.05) between the treatments studied, which was already foreseen, since the SM treatment supplement had an expected consumption lower than the others. However, the additives dissipated less than expected consumption, causing the additive intake to be compromised. The average daily gain of the animals was not affected (p> 0.05) with the addition of additives in mineral supplements. The performances were 0.658, 0.758, 0.679 respectively for the SM, SS, STS treatments. The consumption of supplement below the expected may have influenced this result. Another factor is that without the additives, the animals already present a good performance, making it more difficult to increase the gain when the animals are in well-managed pastures. With that it is standard that the addition of tannin and / or salinomycin diet of beef heifers, taking mineral supplement as a vehicle for ingestion, does not change the performance of animals consuming well-managed pasture in the water period.