Resumo
Background: Testicular neoplasms in dogs are more frequent than in other animal species, representing the most common tumors in elderly subjects after skin neoplasms. In cryptorchid subjects, the risk of neoplastic degeneration is high. The cytological examination is essential to differentiate the type of neoplasia and to determinate the best diagnostic approach. Aim of this report was to describe clinical and histopathological features of a dog with coexistence of Sertoli cell and interstitial endocrine cell tumors in a non-cryptorchid dog. Case: A 9-year-old non-neutered male dog, German Spitz breed, was presented to the veterinary clinic. On clinical examination, the dog had a body condition (BCS 6/9), pink mucous membranes, capillary refill time (CRT) < 2 sec, lymph nodes of normal size, afebrile, normal heart and respiratory rate. The abdomen was depressible to palpation, without pain, the skin appeared hyperpigmented, with generalized presence of comedones, pendular foreskin and absence of hair at the abdominal level, in the ventral portion of the trunk and neck, scant hair also at the level of the inner thighs and in perianal. At ultrasounds examinations, the right testicle presented a hypoechoic circular focal lesion, in the caudal pole, of 0.7 cm in diameter, well defined, echogenicity and a remnant of normal echostructure, smooth and regular margins; the left testicle showed an increase in size, irregular margins, with a heterogeneous echo structure, given by hypoechoic areas, referred to cysts, hemorrhagic or necrotic areas. The hemogram reported slightly microcytic and normochromic regenerative anemia. The leukogram showed monocytosis. The absence of the typical stress leukogram characterized by neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, and the reduction of ALP allows to rule out Cushing's disease. In order to rule out hypothyroidism due to the inhibitory effect of estrogens on the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) the concentration of total thyroxine was analyzed, reporting normal values excluding hypothyroidism. Blood oestradiol 17-ß (E2) concentration was increased, with a normal testosterone (T) concentration of 0.30 ng/mL. Given the suspicion of the presence of testicular tumors, castration was performed by the surgical excision of both gonads, after ruling out the presence of abdominal or pulmonary metastases by chest and abdominal radiography. Discussion: The clinical, histopathological findings supported the diagnosis of testicular tumors. According to the pathological report, both gonads presented parenchymal nodular neoplastic nodular areas referring to the Sertoli sustentacular cells in the right testicle, to the proliferation of Leydig interstitial cells in the left one. The nodule in the left testicle was unencapsulated and showed a solid-diffuse pattern. Neoplastic cells were irregular polygonal, medium to large in size with moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and moderate anisocytosis. In the right testicle, the nodule was heterogeneous in consistency and a diffuse pattern was present. Neoplastic cells were polygonal morphology, had a moderate nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and were organized tubules lined and obliterated the extensive cell growth. Bilateral orchiectomy allowed to improve the clinical signs, and 3 months after surgery, the animal was in good health, with evident improvement skin lesions. The E2 analysis was repeated, detecting normal values, demonstrating that testicular neoplasm in this patient were involved in E2 production; also T concentration decreased considerably from 0.30 to < 0.07 values.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Tumor de Células de Sertoli-Leydig/veterinária , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Orquiectomia/veterináriaResumo
O seminoma é uma neoformação testicular originária de células germinativas de ocorrência comum em cães, com maior prevalência em animais senis. Em geral, o comportamento biológico do seminoma canino é benigno. Relata-se neste trabalho um caso de seminoma com metástase em região orbital em um cão com 14 anos de idade. O animal foi atendido com queixa de aumento de volume em órbita esquerda, com posterior detecção de nódulo testicular. A punção aspirativa por agulha fina da massa orbital sugeriu tratar-se de linfoma de alto grau, contudo o diagnóstico definitivo de seminoma difuso foi estabelecido pela avaliação histopatológica, a qual revelou tratar-se de neoplasia maligna pouco diferenciada, sendo o diagnóstico de seminoma difuso confirmado pelo exame imunoistoquímico. Relatos de seminomas metastáticos em cães são incomuns. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de seminoma anaplásico difuso em cão cujo foco principal de metástase ocorreu em região orbital, além de descrever e discutir as dificuldades diagnósticas encontradas.(AU)
Seminoma is a testicular neoformation originating from germ cells, commonly occurring in dogs. With higher prevalence in senile animals, the biological behavior of canine seminomas generally benign. This case reports seminoma with mestastasis in the orbital region in a 14-year-old dog. The animal was treated with a complaint of increased volume in the left orbit, and later a nodule in the testicle was discovered. Fine-needle aspiration of the orbit mass initially indicated a high-grade lymphoma. The definitive diagnosis of diffused seminoma was established by histopathological examination, resulting in poorly differentiated malignant neoplasia. Finally, the diagnosis was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, being the result compatible with diffused seminoma. Metastatic seminomas reported in dogs are quite uncommon. In this work we report a case of diffused anaplastic seminoma in dogs, where the main focus of metastasis was observed in the orbital region, and we also describe and discuss the difficulties encountered in the diagnostic.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Seminoma/veterinária , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/veterináriaResumo
O seminoma é uma neoformação testicular originária de células germinativas de ocorrência comum em cães, com maior prevalência em animais senis. Em geral, o comportamento biológico do seminoma canino é benigno. Relata-se neste trabalho um caso de seminoma com metástase em região orbital em um cão com 14 anos de idade. O animal foi atendido com queixa de aumento de volume em órbita esquerda, com posterior detecção de nódulo testicular. A punção aspirativa por agulha fina da massa orbital sugeriu tratar-se de linfoma de alto grau, contudo o diagnóstico definitivo de seminoma difuso foi estabelecido pela avaliação histopatológica, a qual revelou tratar-se de neoplasia maligna pouco diferenciada, sendo o diagnóstico de seminoma difuso confirmado pelo exame imunoistoquímico. Relatos de seminomas metastáticos em cães são incomuns. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de seminoma anaplásico difuso em cão cujo foco principal de metástase ocorreu em região orbital, além de descrever e discutir as dificuldades diagnósticas encontradas.(AU)
Seminoma is a testicular neoformation originating from germ cells, commonly occurring in dogs. With higher prevalence in senile animals, the biological behavior of canine seminomas generally benign. This case reports seminoma with mestastasis in the orbital region in a 14-year-old dog. The animal was treated with a complaint of increased volume in the left orbit, and later a nodule in the testicle was discovered. Fine-needle aspiration of the orbit mass initially indicated a high-grade lymphoma. The definitive diagnosis of diffused seminoma was established by histopathological examination, resulting in poorly differentiated malignant neoplasia. Finally, the diagnosis was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, being the result compatible with diffused seminoma. Metastatic seminomas reported in dogs are quite uncommon. In this work we report a case of diffused anaplastic seminoma in dogs, where the main focus of metastasis was observed in the orbital region, and we also describe and discuss the difficulties encountered in the diagnostic.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Seminoma/veterinária , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Biópsia por Agulha Fina/veterináriaResumo
Um ganso adulto macho (Anser cygnoides), da família Anseriformes, de idade desconhecida, proveniente de uma criação da Universidade Luterana do Brasil, foi encontrado morto, sem apresentar histórico clínico, e foi submetido à investigação post mortem no Setor de Patologia Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário. Com base nos achados de necropsia e no exame histopatológico, definiu-se como causa da morte do animal hemorragia interna em razão da ruptura de vasos sanguíneos em uma neoplasia no testículo direito (sertolioma), com metástase no fígado.(AU)
An adult male goose (Anser cygnoides) of unknown age, raised at the Lutheran University of Brazil, was found dead without showing clinical history and was submitted for post mortem investigation in the Department of Pathology of the Veterinary Hospital. From the necropsy and histopathological findings, the cause of death was defined as exsanguination due to intestinal hemorrhage from ruptured vessels in a tumor in the right testis, which also presented hepatic metastasis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Gansos , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Tumor de Células de Sertoli/veterinária , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Autopsia/veterinária , Hemorragia/veterinária , Testículo/patologiaResumo
RESUMO OLIVINDO, R.F.G. Expressão da enzima esteroidogênica e controle sérico da testosterona em cães com neoplasias testiculares. [Expression of steroidogenic enzymeP450 aromatase and serum testosterone control in dogs with testicular neoplasias]. 2018. p 52 - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. Os testículos são os órgãos sexuais primários e se destacam com duas funções principais: espermatogênese e a produção e secreção de hormônios, dentre eles a testosterona e o estrógenos, hormônios importantes na diferenciação sexual durante o desenvolvimento embrionário e a espermatogênese.O desdobramento da cadeia enzimática envolvida com a esteroidogenêse testicular são responsáveis de forma direta ou indireta pela produção dos andrógenos, podendo assim estar relacionadas como uma das possíveis etiologias para as neoplasias testiculares, desta forma neste estudo avaliou-se a expressão da enzima P450 aromatase (P450arom) e o controle sérico da testosterona, para estabelecer a relação entre a carcinogênese e o comportamento da P450arom nos cães com neoplasias testiculares. Foram selecionados os animais provenientes de campanhas de castração realizadas pela Prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de tecidos testiculares e de sangue de 6 cães adultos submetidos a orquiectomias dos quais dois apresentaram criptorquidismo unilateral com aumento no tamanho testicular, um não apresentava testículo ectópico, porém era aumentado de volume, e os demais, sem alterações clínicas, foram utilizados para controles do estudo.Realizado o exame histopatológico obteve-se o resultado de três casos neoplásicos, sendo um tumor misto (seminoma intratubular e sertolioma) e os outros dois seminomas. As imunohistoquímicas dos tecidos testicularestiveram imunomarcação positiva para a enzima P450arom nas células de Leydig e Sertoli e que posteriormente foi comprovada com a técnica de western blottingem todos os animais do estudo, apesar de o animal 3N (Neoplásico 3) apresentar uma imunolocalização mais fraca em relação aos demais. A dosagem hormonal de testosterona livre foi realizada através de amostras sanguíneas coletadas antes dos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Os pacientes oncológicos apresentaram valores no limite inferior, porém dentro da referência para a espécie, exceto o 3N que apresentou valor inferiorquando comparado ao 1N (Neoplásico 1)(101,90 ng/dL), 2N (Neoplásico 2)(158,40 ng/dL), 3N (95,8 ng/dL), 1C (Controle 1)(42,9 ng/dL), 2C (41,5 ng/dL) e 3C (87,3 ng/dL). Conclui-se que a P450 arom apresentou marcação positiva em cães com neoplasia testicular, também confirmado nas quantificações por meio western blotting.que foi expressa em todos os animais do estudo. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Enzimas esteroidogênicas; Aromatase; Neoplasia testicular; Caninos; Carcinogênese;
ABSTRACT OLIVINDO, R.F.G. Expressão da enzima esteroidogênica e controle sérico da testosterona em cães com neoplasias testiculares. [Expression of steroidogenic enzymeP450 aromatase and serum testosterone control in dogs with testicular neoplasias]. 2018. p 52 - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo The testes are the primary sex organs and stand out with two main functions: spermatogenesis and the production and secretion of hormones, among them testosterone, important hormone for spermatogenesis and sexual differentiation during embryonic development. The unfolding of the enzymatic chain involved with testicular steroidogenesis is directly or indirectly responsible for the production of androgens and may therefore be related as one of the possible etiologies for testicular neoplasms. In this study, the expression of the enzyme P450 aromatase ( P450arom) and serum testosterone control to establish the relationship between carcinogenesis and P450arom behavior in dogs with testicular neoplasms. Animals selected from castration campaigns were selected by the city of São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Samples of testicular and blood tissues were collected from 6 adult dogs submitted to orchiectomies, of which two presented unilateral cryptorchidism with increase in testicular size, one without ectopic testicle, but volume was increased, and the others were used for elective study controls. The histopathological examination was the result of three neoplastic cases, one mixed tumor (seminoma intratubular and sertolioma) and the other two seminomas. Immunohistochemistry of testicular tissues showed positive immunolabeling for the P450arom enzyme in the Leydig and Sertoli cells and was later confirmed by western blotting in all the animals of the study, although the 3N animal (Neoplastic 3) presented a poorer immunolocalization in relation to the others. Free testosterone hormone dosage was performed through blood samples collected prior to surgical procedures. Oncologic patients presented values at the lower limit, but within the reference for the species, except 3N, which presented lower values when compared to 1N (Neoplastic 1) (101,90 ng / dL), 2N (Neoplastic 2) (158,40 ng / dL), 3N (95.8 ng / dL), 1C (Control 1) (42.9 ng / dL), 2C (41.5 ng / dL) and 3C (87.3 ng / dL). It is concluded that the P450 arom showed positive marking in dogs with testicular neoplasia, also confirmed in the quantifications by western blotting, which was expressed in all the animals of the study. KEY WORDS: Steroidogenic enzymes; Aromatase; Testicular neoplasm; Canines; Carcinogenesis; LIS