Resumo

O cuidado no transporte de equinos tornou-se essencial na produção equina, sendo particularmente estressante para aqueles não familiarizados. Diante da falta de dados relacionados às práticas de transporte de equinos atletas adotadas no Brasil, este estudo teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento sobre os aspectos relacionados ao manejo no transporte de equinos de vaquejada no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A população alvo deste levantamento foram residentes do estado do Rio Grande do Norte associados ao transporte rodoviário de equinos para fins esportivos. Após obter consentimento oral e/ou por escrito, os autores aplicaram individualmente os questionários aos entrevistados. Os proprietários responderam ao questionário de forma independente, exceto quando o entrevistado era analfabeto ou apresentava alguma deficiência sem, contudo, influenciar as respostas. Cada questionário possuía 45 perguntas, sendo 11 discursivas e 34 objetivas. As entrevistas foram realizadas em vaquejadas realizadas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, e um total de 82 questionários foram respondidos. Os resultados obtidos destacam a importância da adoção e aprimoramento de práticas adequadas no manejo pré, durante e pós-transporte.

The care in the transportation of horses has become essential in equine production, particularly stressful for those unfamiliar with it. Faced with a lack of data related to the transportation practices of athletic horses adopted in Brazil, this study aimed to conduct a survey on aspects related to the handling of transportation of rodeo horses in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The target population for this survey was residents of the state of Rio Grande do Norte associated with the road transportation of horses for sports purposes. After obtaining oral and/or written consent, the authors individually applied the questionnaires to the respondents. Owners answered the questionnaire independently, except when the respondent was illiterate or had some disability, without influencing the responses. Each questionnaire consisted of 45 questions, including 11 open-ended and 34 objective questions. The interviews were conducted at rodeo events in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and a total of 82 questionnaires were completed. The results highlight the importance of adopting and improving appropriate practices in pre-transport, during transport, and post-transport management.

Resumo

The aim of this study was to determine the meat quality characteristics of broilers that were brought to the slaughterhouse from different transport distances and received post-slaughter carcass electrical stimulation. For this purpose, broilers were transported to the slaughterhouse from different distances, from farms belonging to the same enterprise. Broilers coming from different distances were randomly divided into two subgroups after slaughter. Electrical stimulation was applied to one of the groups, on the pectoral muscle. After electrical stimulation, pH measurements of the carcasses were made in both groups in the first 15 minutes. The carcasses were then cut, and the breast and thigh meats were separated. Subsequently, these samples were kept at +4°C for 24 hours, and pH measurements, electrical conductivity, color parameters, cooking loss and texture profile analyses were made. For the breast meat samples, it was determined that the difference in transport distance between the groups caused a difference in crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash values. It was detected that as the transport distance to the slaughterhouse increased, the protein and ash values decreased, while the fat value increased. pH15min was measured to be lower in breast meat samples taken from a closer distance to the farm. In thigh meat samples, the difference in transport distance was significant in crude fat and crude ash values. It was determined that the difference between the groups in the values obtained as a result of the electrical stimulation applied after slaughter were not significant, except for redness values of thigh meat.(AU)

Resumo

The road system is the main mode used for the transportation of agricultural cargo, and in some cases, it is the only option for handling this type of product. This dependence means that the implementation of tools to support the management of logistical costs can reduce the financial impact with the transport felt by the economic agents operating in the soybean chain. This study contributed to a better understanding of the variables that make up the cost of road freight, generating a system of road freight prediction from a multiple linear regression model using the selection of variables Stepwise, Forward, and Backward elimination. This being said, this research intends to evaluate whether the behavior of soybean road freight is influenced by the variables that make up the productive, economic, and infrastructure dimensions in price formation. The regression models had an explanatory power of 87.20%. In the infrastructure dimension, the most impact variable in soybean road freight was the distance traveled; in the economic dimension, the variables of inflation and fuel price stood out; while in the productive dimension, the main contribution was the volume of production. A more assertive predictability of logistical costs and better understanding of the dynamics of freight price formation helps industry agents in planning and decision-making. Another contribution of this study is that it can be used as a practical tool for predicting soybean road freight on several transportation routes.

O sistema rodoviário é o principal modal utilizado para o transporte de cargas agrícolas, e em alguns casos, é a única opção para movimentação desse tipo de produto. Esta dependência faz com que a implementação de ferramentas para apoiar a gestão dos custos logísticos possa reduzir o impacto financeiro com o transporte sentido pelos agentes econômicos que atuam na cadeia da soja. O presente trabalho visa contribuir para um melhor entendimento das variáveis que compõem o custo dos fretes rodoviários, gerando um sistema de previsão de fretes rodoviários a partir de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla usando a seleção de variáveis Stepwise, Forward e a eliminação Backward. Isto posto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar se o comportamento do frete rodoviário da soja é influenciado pelas variáveis que compõem as dimensões produtivas, econômicas e de infraestrutura na formação do preço. Os modelos de regressão tiveram um poder explicativo de 87,20%. Na dimensão infraestrutura o destaque foi a variável distância percorrida como a mais impactante no frete rodoviário da soja, na dimensão econômica as variáveis inflação e preço do combustível, enquanto que na dimensão produtiva a principal contribuição foi o volume de produção. A previsibilidade mais assertiva dos custos logísticos e melhor compreensão da dinâmica de formação do preço do frete auxilia os agentes do setor no planejamento e na tomada de decisão. Outra contribuição deste trabalho é que pode ser usado como uma ferramenta prática para a predição de fretes rodoviários da soja em diversas rotas de transporte.

Resumo

This review discusses observed hydroclimatic trends and future climate projections for the Amazon. Warming over this region is a fact, but the magnitude of the warming trend varies depending on the datasets and length of the analyzed period. The warming trend has been more evident since 1980 and has further enhanced since 2000. Long-term trends in climate and hydrology are assessed. Various studies have reported an intensification of the hydrological cycle and a lengthening of the dry season in the southern Amazon. Changes in floods and droughts, mainly due to natural climate variability and land use change, are also assessed. For instance, in the first half of the 20th century, extreme flood events occurred every 20 years. Since 2000, there has been one severe flood every four years. During the last four decades, the northern Amazon has experienced enhanced convective activity and rainfall, in contrast to decreases in convection and rainfall in the southern Amazon. Climate change in the Amazon will have impacts at regional and global scales. Significant reductions in rainfall are projected for the eastern Amazon.

Essa revisão discute tendências hidroclimáticas observadas e projeções climáticas futuras para a Amazônia. O aquecimento sobre esta região é um fato, mas a magnitude da tendência de aquecimento varia dependendo dos conjuntos de dados e da duração do período analisado. A tendência de aquecimento tornou-se mais evidente a partir de 1980 e aumentou ainda mais desde 2000. São avaliadas as tendências de longo prazo no clima e na hidrologia. Vários estudos relataram uma intensificação do ciclo hidrológico e um prolongamento da estação seca no sul da Amazônia. Mudanças nas cheias e secas, em grande parte devido à variabilidade natural do clima e mudanças no uso da terra, também são avaliadas. Por exemplo, na primeira metade do século XX, eventos extremos de inundação ocorreram a cada 20 anos. Desde 2000, houve uma inundação severa a cada quatro anos. Durante as últimas quatro décadas, o norte da Amazônia experimentou aumento da atividade convectiva e precipitação, em contraste com a diminuição da convecção e precipitação no sul da Amazônia. As mudanças climáticas na Amazônia terão impactos em escalas regional e global.

Resumo

The aim of the present work was to evaluate and analyze the growth and mineral nutrition response of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) seedlings, an economically important forest species. We analyzed the salinity effects on the kinetics of growth, development, and absorption of nutrients of plants cultivated under controlled conditions on a solid organic substrate. Pinus pinea plants were able to tolerate 25 mM NaCl concentration without reduced growth compared to the non-saline control. However, the salt concentration of 50 mM significantly affected the seedling growth after two weeks of treatment. Root growth activity was decreased more than the aerial parts at applied NaCl concentrations. On the other hand, seedlings restricted the transport of Na+ ions to the aerial parts and were strongly selective in favour of K+ ions. The presence of NaCl in the culture medium decreased the absorption rate and the export of K+ and Na+ ions to the aerial parts. This was reflected in the accumulation way of these two ions in the whole plant.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e analisar a resposta de crescimento e nutrição mineral de mudas de pinheiro-manso (Pinus pinea L.), uma espécie florestal economicamente importante. Analisamos os efeitos da salinidade na cinética de crescimento, desenvolvimento e absorção de nutrientes de plantas cultivadas sob condições controladas em substrato orgânico sólido. As plantas de P. pinea foram capazes de tolerar a concentração de 25 mM de NaCl sem redução do crescimento em comparação com o controle não salino. No entanto, a concentração de sal de 50 mM afetou significativamente o crescimento das plântulas após duas semanas de tratamento. A atividade de crescimento das raízes foi mais reduzida do que as partes aéreas nas concentrações de NaCl aplicadas. Por outro lado, as plântulas restringiram o transporte de íons Na+ para a parte aérea e foram fortemente seletivas em favor dos íons K+. A presença de NaCl no meio de cultura diminuiu a taxa de absorção e a exportação de íons K+ e Na+ para as partes aéreas. Isso se refletiu na forma de acúmulo desses dois íons em toda a planta.

Resumo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of garlic as a growth promoter in larvae of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and its benefits during transport of juveniles of this species. The experiment was conducted in recirculation aquaculture system, consisting of 20 tanks of 40 L equipped with independent water input and output. We used 1,400 larvae distributed among five treatments, with four repetitions, which totaled 20 experimental units. The treatments were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg of garlic extract per kilo of feed. The results showed that the inclusion of levels of garlic extract in the feed did not significantly effect the fish’s development or their transport. Neither did the inclusion of levels of garlic extract affect the survival of the larvae during the trial period. New research with extracts of higher dosages should be performed to elucidate the effect of garlic extract as a growth promoter.

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades do alho como promotor de crescimento em larvas de acará bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e seus benefícios no transporte de juvenis da mesma espécie. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de recirculação composto por 20 aquários de 40 L de volume útil, dotado de entrada e saída de água independentes e teve a duração de 40 dias. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. Foram utilizadas 1.400 larvas de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) divididas entre os tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg de extrato de alho por quilo de ração. Os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de inclusão do extrato do alho sobre os índices zootécnicos avaliados e posteriormente no transporte dos juvenis. Também não foi observado influência na sobrevivência das larvas durante o período experimental. Novas pesquisas com dosagens maiores de extratos devem ser realizados para melhor elucidação do efeito do extrato de alho como promotor de crescimento.

Resumo

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of garlic as a growth promoter in larvae of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and its benefits during transport of juveniles of this species. The experiment was conducted in recirculation aquaculture system, consisting of 20 tanks of 40 L equipped with independent water input and output. We used 1,400 larvae distributed among five treatments, with four repetitions, which totaled 20 experimental units. The treatments were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg of garlic extract per kilo of feed. The results showed that the inclusion of levels of garlic extract in the feed did not significantly effect the fishs development or their transport. Neither did the inclusion of levels of garlic extract affect the survival of the larvae during the trial period. New research with extracts of higher dosages should be performed to elucidate the effect of garlic extract as a growth promoter.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades do alho como promotor de crescimento em larvas de acará bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e seus benefícios no transporte de juvenis da mesma espécie. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de recirculação composto por 20 aquários de 40 L de volume útil, dotado de entrada e saída de água independentes e teve a duração de 40 dias. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. Foram utilizadas 1.400 larvas de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) divididas entre os tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg de extrato de alho por quilo de ração. Os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de inclusão do extrato do alho sobre os índices zootécnicos avaliados e posteriormente no transporte dos juvenis. Também não foi observado influência na sobrevivência das larvas durante o período experimental. Novas pesquisas com dosagens maiores de extratos devem ser realizados para melhor elucidação do efeito do extrato de alho como promotor de crescimento.

Resumo

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of garlic as a growth promoter in larvae of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and its benefits during transport of juveniles of this species. The experiment was conducted in recirculation aquaculture system, consisting of 20 tanks of 40 L equipped with independent water input and output. We used 1,400 larvae distributed among five treatments, with four repetitions, which totaled 20 experimental units. The treatments were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg of garlic extract per kilo of feed. The results showed that the inclusion of levels of garlic extract in the feed did not significantly effect the fish's development or their transport. Neither did the inclusion of levels of garlic extract affect the survival of the larvae during the trial period. New research with extracts of higher dosages should be performed to elucidate the effect of garlic extract as a growth promoter.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades do alho como promotor de crescimento em larvas de acará bandeira Pterophyllum scalare e seus benefícios no transporte de juvenis da mesma espécie. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de recirculação composto por 20 aquários de 40 L de volume útil, dotado de entrada e saída de água independentes e teve a duração de 40 dias. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. Foram utilizadas 1.400 larvas de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) divididas entre os tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiram em: 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg de extrato de alho por quilo de ração. Os resultados mostraram que não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de inclusão do extrato do alho sobre os índices zootécnicos avaliados e posteriormente no transporte dos juvenis. Também não foi observado influência na sobrevivência das larvas durante o período experimental. Novas pesquisas com dosagens maiores de extratos devem ser realizados para melhor elucidação do efeito do extrato de alho como promotor de crescimento.

Resumo

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of behavioral differences in cattle on bruising on different cuts and on carcass yield. A total of 4,061 lots of cattle were evaluated, which corresponded to 199,026 carcasses. Animal temperament was classified as calm, anxious, or excited. The following carcass cuts were evaluated: round, rump, shin, thin flank, tenderloin, and rib. Of the total number of slaughtered animals, 68.26% had at least one type of bruise with complete removal of the affected tissue. There was an interaction effect between sex and temperament on the occurrence of bruises on the different cuts and on carcass yield. In castrated males, bruises on the round, rump, shin, and tenderloin cuts did not differ between temperament classes, but the excited males showed more bruises on the thin flank and rib cuts. Among the females, for all cuts, the number of bruises was higher (P<0.05) in those with excited temperament than in the anxious and calm animals, which did not differ (P>0.05). Additionally, carcass yield relative to plant weight decreased (P<0.05), with the calm females exhibiting the highest values, followed by those with anxious and excited temperament. In the castrated males, however, although performance declined, those with anxious and excited temperament did not differ (P>0.05). Females and more reactive animals have more bruises on their carcass.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos das diferenças comportamentais dos bovinos e seus reflexos nas contusões nos diferentes cortes e nos valores de rendimento de carcaça. Foram avaliados 4.061 lotes de bovinos, perfazendo 199.026 mil carcaças. O temperamento animal foi classificado em calmo, ansioso e excitado. Foram avaliados os cortes das carcaças divididas em coxa, alcatra, dianteiro e lombo, vazio e costela. Do total de lotes de animais abatidos, 68,26% apresentaram pelo menos um tipo de contusão com remoção completa do tecido afetado. Ocorreu interação entre o sexo e temperamento animal para os diferentes cortes na ocorrência de contusões e no rendimento de carcaça. Nos machos castrados as contusões dos cortes da coxa, alcatra, dianteiro e lombo não diferiram entre as classes de temperamento, tendo os animais agressivos mais contusões nos cortes do vazio e costela. Nas fêmeas em todos os cortes, as quantidades de contusões verificadas foram superiores (P<0,05) para animais com comportamento excitado do que animais ansiosos e calmos, não ocorrendo diferença entre os mesmos (P>0,05). O rendimento de carcaça em relação do peso de frigorífico quanto as classes comportamentais, nas fêmeas foi decrescente (P<0,05) com maiores valores para animais calmos, seguidos dos animais ansiosos e com menores rendimentos para animais com temperamento excitado, enquanto nos machos castrados, embora o rendimento tenha sido decrescente, animais com temperamento ansioso e excitado não diferiram (P>0,05). Carcaças oriundas de fêmeas e de animais com maior reatividade apresentam mais lesões.(AU)

Resumo

It is well known that transporting livestock is stressful for the animals and a primary cause of skin lesions. The effects of transport on the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) have not been studied extensively despite reports of high incidences of trauma during and after these mobilizations. The present review article analyzes the frequency of skin injuries suffered by water buffaloes during transport and several key contributing factors. It also discusses the consequences of injuries on the quality of carcasses. Important aspects identified include inappropriate vehicle design that does not comply with the dimensions recommended by international institutions (e.g., height, type of flooring, characteristics of the ramp), handling methods, and the ability of stock people to manage water buffaloes, all of which impact the incidence of injuries. Our analysis of these elements will contribute to identifying critical control points and areas of opportunity while also suggesting strategies to ensure the welfare of these animals during transport and the quality of water buffalo products and by-products.

Resumo

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of stress in bovines submitted to emergency slaughter caused by lengthy transportation to slaughterhouses in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Blood collections were performed individually during exsanguinations.Tissue samples were obtained after evisceration on the slaughter line. The animals were divided into the Experimental Group (EG), with 19 bovines destined for immediate emergency slaughter, and the Control Group (CG), with 24 bovines slaughtered normally at the abattoir flow. The EG showed lower values of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, neutrophilia with band neutrophils, and lymphopenia. Hyperalbuminemia, high levels of total proteins, glucose, and creatinine, and lower urea levels were observed in the EG. The globulins were equal between the groups. Histopathology revealed hepatocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm (87.5% of the cases) and liver congestion (83.33%). Interstitial emphysema (95.65%), alveolar emphysema (65.21%), and congestion (52.17%) were observed in the lungs. The kidneys showed congestion (80.95%) and hyaline casts (100%). The spleens showed rarefaction in the white (70%) and red pulp (65%), in addition to hemosiderosis (10%). This suggests that the animals transported over long distances are submitted to severe stress, with water and food deprivation, resulting in hematological and biochemical changes, with histological lesions and serious bruises affecting the musculoskeletal system. There is loss of homeostasis, severe debilitation, with destination for emergency slaughter with the conditional use of meat for consumption.(AU)

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Transport is considered a stressful period for livestock that can cause economic and biological losses if inadequate handling procedures exist. Several manuals and guides include recommendations for common domestic species based on scientific evidence. Still, the legislative freedom of each country means that they are not mandatory worldwide, nor do they cover all species, such as the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). This review aims to analyze the legal strictures currently applicable to the transport of this species. Critical aspects of the legislation that address the pre-transport, transportation, and post-transport stages are discussed, focusing on Asian and Latin American countries and the European Union. Areas of opportunity to improve the norms and laws that impact public policies, civil aspects, and water buffalo welfare in production systems are elucidated.

Resumo

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) associated with dry and rainy seasons on the photochemical activity of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. cv. Gigante. Combinations of N (10.0, 70.0, 100.0, 130.0, and 190.0 kg ha−1 yr−1) and P2 O5 (10.0, 70.0, 100.0, 130.0, and 190.0 kg ha−1 yr−1) were evaluated in the dry and rainy seasons in semi-arid regions. A completely randomized block design with split-plot arrangement was adopted with four replications. In Quixadá, the maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was 0.82, observed in third-order cladodes (rainy season and N/P 75.6/10.0 kg ha−1 yr−1), while in Tejuçuoca, the maximum Fv/Fm was 0.81, found in 2nd/3rd order cladodes (rainy season and N/P 10.0/190.0 kg ha−1 yr−1). In Quixadá, the maximum electron transport rate (ETR) was 31.6 µmol m−2 s−1 in 2nd/3rd order cladodes (rainy season and N/P 10.0/190.0 kg ha−1 yr−1), and in Tejuçuoca, the maximum ETR was 24.1 µmol m−2 s−1, in second-order cladodes (rainy season and N/P 110.1/10.0 kg ha−1 yr−1). In Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, higher values of Fv/Fm and ETR were observed in the rainy season. In Quixadá, the maximum fluorescence decrease ratio (FDR) was 4.04 in third-order cladodes (rainy season and N/P 10.0/114.8 kg ha−1 yr−1), while in Tejuçuoca, the maximum FDR was 6.93, found in 2nd/3rd order cladodes (rainy season and N/P 190.0/10.0 kg ha−1 yr−1). In Quixadá and Tejuçuoca, there was predominance of higher FDR values in the rainy season. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and water status modulate the photochemical efficiency of cladodes of cactus pear cv. Gigante in semi-arid regions.

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O Whatman FTA-Card® é um papel-filtro quimicamente tratado, destinado à coleta, transporte, armazenamento de amostras para posterior extração de ácidos nucléicos. A tecnologia FTA-Card® é utilizada para manter estável DNA e RNA em temperatura ambiente, podendo ser utilizados para fixação de uma ampla variedade de material orgânico ou tecidos. Foram realizados testes para certificar sua eficiência na conservação do material a ser analisado com o intuito de eliminar a cadeia fria de conservação, agilizando o processo e diminuindo os custos da execução de exames moleculares associados ao diagnóstico de patologias. Foram testadas oito amostras de felinos na forma de sangue total e soro, para a extração utilizou-se o kit Magazorb RNA Total mini-prep kit (Promega®, EUA), para o diagnóstico foi utilizada a técnica de PCR em tempo real para amplificar o gene CI2 de mamíferos, a fim de visualizar a eficácia na conservação de ácidos nucleicos. A utilização desse método torna possível que o material biológico seja enviado por serviços de transporte postais, reduzindo os custos e viabilizando diagnósticos provenientes de áreas mais remotas.(AU)

Whatman FTA-Card® is a chemically treated filter paper intended for the collection, transport, and storage of samples for later extraction of nucleic acids. FTA-Card® technology is used to keep DNA and RNA stable at room temperature and can be used to fix a wide variety of organic material or tissues. Tests were carried out to certify its efficiency in the conservation of the material to be analyzed in order to eliminate the cold conservation chain, speeding up the process and decreasing the costs of performing molecular tests associated with the diagnosis of pathologies. By using this method, biological material can be sent by postal transport services, reducing costs and making diagnoses from more remote areas feasible. Samples of feline specimens were tested in the form of whole blood and serum, using the Magazorb RNA Total mini-prep kit (Promega®, USA) for the extraction. Diagnosis was performed using real-time PCR technique to amplify the mammalian CI2 gene in order to visualize the effectiveness in conserving nucleic acids.(AU)

Whatman FTA-Card® es un papel de filtro tratado químicamente, destinado a la recogida, transporte, almacenamiento de muestras para su posterior extracción de ácidos nucleicos. La tecnología FTA-Card® se usa para mantener el ADN y el ARN estables a la temperatura ambiente y se puede usar para la fijación de una amplia variedad de materiales o tejidos orgánicos. Se realizaron pruebas para certificar su eficiencia en la conservación del material a analizar con el fin de eliminar la cadena de frío de conservación, agilizando el proceso y reduciendo los costos de realización de pruebas moleculares asociadas al diagnóstico de patologías. Se analizaron ocho muestras felinas en forma de sangre total y suero, para la extracción se utilizó el mini-prep kit Magazorb RNA Total (Promega®, USA), para el diagnóstico se utilizó la técnica de PCR en tiempo real para amplificar el CI2 de mamífero gen, con el fin de visualizar la efectividad en la conservación de ácidos nucleicos. El uso de ese método permite el envío de material biológico por los servicios de transporte postal, lo que reduce los costes y permite realizar diagnósticos desde zonas más remotas.(AU)

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The pre-slaughter operations are characterized by all the steps after the phase of raising at the farm until hanging ofbirds on the slaughter line, and this period is relatively faster than the farm phase. Nevertheless, this phase can cause acutestress in broilers, due to the direct handling of the birds at catching and by offering unknown stressful stimuli to the birdsduring transportation, lairage and hanging on the slaughter line. Other stressful factors such as handling the bird, cratingdensity, impacts on live load, distance and duration of transport between farm and slaughterhouse, and microclimaticconditions in transport and lairage affect the welfare and, consequently, the meat quality of broiler chickens. The effectsof these losses will be felt by all sectors of poultry farming. For all these factors, it is important that the poultry productionchain be aligned in the near future to meet the external and internal consumers' requirements regarding animal welfare.Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the main critical points, which affect the welfare of broilers during pre-slaughter operations in intensive production systems.

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Arguably, the nitrogen (N) is an important and essential component for plant growth and development. Among the sources of N available, the ammonium is a major inorganic nitrogen source for plants is mobilized by ammonium transporter (AMT). In this study, data mining revealed that the Ananas comosus L. genome was identified eight genes of the AMT family. Based on this information, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using some bioinformatics tools in order to individually characterize the identified genes. The comprehensive analysis of AMT will provide an important foundation for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of AcoAMTs in A. comosus L.

Indiscutivelmente, o nitrogênio (N) é um componente importante e essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Dentre as fontes de N disponíveis, o amônio é a principal fonte de nitrogênio inorgânico para as plantas, sendo mobilizado pelo transportador de amônio (AMT). Neste estudo, a mineração de dados revelou que no genoma de Ananas comosus L. foram identificados oito genes da família AMT. Com base nessas informações, realizamos uma análise abrangente usando algumas ferramentas de bionformática com a finalidade de caracterizar individualmente os genes identificados. A análise abrangente do AMT fornecerá uma base importante para uma investigação mais aprofundada dos mecanismos regulatórios de AcoAMTs em A. comosus L.

Resumo

The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and survival of Nodipecten nodosus larvae grown in a remote settlement system. Two forms of transport were tested, one in a humid/wet, environment and one submerged in seawater, with a control treatment maintained at the Laboratory of Marine Mollusks (LMM). After transport treatments, individuals were populated simultaneously inside floating boxes directly at sea and in containers under controlled conditions in the Laboratory of the Experimental Center for Mariculture (CEMAR). No statistical differences were observed in larval survival relative to the method of transport in the different experiments. However, statistical differences were observed in Evaluation 1 (EVA1) for the survival and growth of larvae transported in submerged seawater and settled in the laboratory. No statistical difference was observed between the control and either wet/humid or submerged treatments in EVA2. The survival values in the control treatment in EVA3 were higher (p<0.05) in relation to the wet and submerged treatments cultivated in the laboratory. It was not possible to observe the presence of pre-seeds in treatments grown at sea. Is possible to transport larvae for 6 hours of travel to be settled in controlled conditions far from their place of origin.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e a sobrevivência de larvas de vieiras Nodipecten nodosus cultivadas em sistema remoto de assentamento. Foram testadas duas formas de transporte, úmido e submerso em água do mar com um tratamento controle mantido no Laboratório de Moluscos Marinhos (LMM). Após serem expostos aos tratamentos de transporte os animais foram povoados dentro de caixas flutuantes, diretamente no mar e em recipientes em condições controladas no Laboratório do Centro Experimental de Maricultura (CEMAR). Não houve diferença estatística na sobrevivência das larvas em relação ao método de transporte nos diferentes experimentos. Observou-se diferenças estatísticas (p<0,05), na avaliação 1 (EVA1), para a sobrevivência e crescimento de larvas transportadas em meio submerso e assentadas no laboratório. Entretanto, não foi observada diferença estatística entre o tratamento controle, úmido e submerso na EVA2. Os valores de sobrevivência no tratamento controle na EVA3 foram superiores (p<0,05) em relação aos tratamentos úmido e submersos cultivados em laboratório. Não foi possível observar presença de pré-sementes nos tratamentos cultivados no mar. Conclui-se que é possível transportar larvas por seis horas de viagem para serem assentadas em condições controladas distante do seu local de origem.

Resumo

ABSTRACT: This study sought to evaluate the number of bruises on bovine carcasses and their relationship with loading rates in different truck models. Bruising percentages in the hindquarter, forequarter and short rib regions were evaluated. The space occupied on the truck by each animal in m² was defined as the Practiced area, obtained by dividing the body area by the number of males and females transported in straight trucks (10.60 x 2.40 m) and livestock trailers (14.80 x 2.60 m), 240 and 168, and 120 and 93, respectively, and 80 males in a straight truck with trailer configuration (17.50 x 2.60 m). The minimum area occupied by the animals was assessed according to the Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) and Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (AWAC). The data was analyzed in a completely randomized design and included two sex classes, three carcass regions and three truck types. For males, the minimum areas (m²) calculated by the FAWC and AWAC were smaller (1.37 and 1.29 m², respectively) for the straight truck. The straight truck with trailer configuration had the lowest (P=0.0025) bruising index in the forequarter region (15.1%) and the highest (P=0.047) in the short rib region (30.5%). Females transported in the livestock trailer had a higher (P<0.001) percentage of bruises in the forequarter region (51.7%). There was a relationship between the high bruising rates and the loading rate Practiced for the males. Estimations made by the AWAC are close to those practiced in the upper Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o número de hematomas em carcaças de bovinos e suas relações com as taxas de lotação em diferentes modelos de carrocerias. Foi avaliada a porcentagem de hematomas na região do traseiro, dianteiro e ponta da agulha (PA). O espaço ocupado por cada animal em m² foi definido como área Praticada, sendo obtido pela divisão da área da carroceria pelo número de machos e fêmeas transportados nos caminhões truck (10,60 x 2,40 m) e carreta baixa (14,80 x 2,60 m); 240 e 168; 120 e 93, respectivamente, e 80 machos em caminhão romeu e julieta (17,50 x 2,60 m). Avaliou-se a área mínima ocupada por animal pela Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) e Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (AWAC). Os dados foram analisados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado sendo duas classes sexuais, três regiões da carcaça e três tipos de caminhões. Para machos, as áreas mínimas (m²) pela FAWC e AWAC foram menores (1,37 e 1,29 m², respectivamente) para o caminhão truck. O caminhão romeu e julieta apresentou o menor (P=0,0025) índice de hematomas na região dianteiro (15,1%) e o maior (P=0,047) na PA (30,5%). As fêmeas transportadas no caminhão carreta baixa, apresentaram maior (P<0,001) porcentagem de hematomas na região dianteiro (51,7%). Houve relação entre os altos índices de hematomas e a taxa de lotação Praticada para o caminhão carreta baixa e romeu e julieta para machos. As determinações realizadas pela AWAC estão próximas das Praticadas no Alto Pantanal sul-mato-grossense.

Resumo

Inadequate pre-slaughter handling conditions can compromise animal welfare and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the animal welfare (AW) indexes during pre-slaughter handling and quantify the carcass lesions of beef cattle submitted to different loading densities. A total of 270 Nellore cattle, at 30 months of age, from three farms were used in the study. Each farm presented a different loading density: higher density (500kg/m2), intermediate density (450kg/m2), and lower density (420kg/m2). Three shipments of cattle from each farm with 30 animals each were used in the AW analysis. Ten animals from each shipment were considered for quantification of carcass bruises. The AW indexes were classified according to the five-freedom criterion (physiological, environmental, sanitary, behavioral, and psychological). After slaughter, the carcasses were inspected in the routine line and evaluated for the presence of lesions. Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were found for all variables studied as a function of AW and bruises. The best AW index and the lowest mean weight of lesions were found at the loading density of 450kg/m2. The highest carcass weight was observed at the loading density of 500kg/m2. Lesions were found in 100% of the animals at the loading densities of 500 and 420kg/m2. In conclusion, the best AW indexes and the smallest occurrence of bruises were verified at the loading density of 450kg/m2. This study confirmed the importance of adequate pre-slaughter handling to ensure cattle welfare and, consequently, greater profitability for producers and slaughterhouses.(AU)

Condições de manejo pré-abate inadequadas podem comprometer o bem-estar e a produtividade animal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os índices de bem-estar animal (BEA) durante o manejo pré-abate e quantificar as lesões em carcaça de bovinos submetidos às diferentes densidades de carregamento. Para isto, foram utilizados 270 bovinos Nelore, aos 30 meses de idade, provenientes de três fazendas. Cada fazenda apresentou diferente densidade de carregamento: maior densidade (500kg/m2), densidade intermediária (450kg/m2) e menor densidade (420kg/m2). Foram realizados três carregamentos de cada fazenda, compostos por 30 animais cada. Para análise do BEA e quantificação de lesões nas carcaças bovinas foram considerados 10 animais de cada carregamento. Os índices de BEA foram classificados segundo o critério das cinco liberdades (fisiológica, ambiental, sanitária, comportamental e psicológica). Após o abate, as carcaças foram inspecionadas na linha de rotina e avaliadas quanto à presença de lesões. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P<0,001) para todas as variáveis estudadas em função do BEA e das lesões. O melhor índice de bem-estar e o menor peso médio de lesão foi encontrado na densidade de carregamento de 450kg/m2. O maior peso da carcaça foi encontrado na densidade de carregamento de 500kg/m2. Em 100% dos animais nas densidades de carregamento de 500 e 420kg/m2 foram encontradas lesões. Pode-se concluir que a densidade de carregamento de bovino de 450kg/m2 obteve os melhores índices de bem-estar e menor ocorrência de lesões. Este estudo confirma a importância do manejo pré-abate adequado na garantia do bem-estar aos bovinos e, consequentemente, na maior rentabilidade ao produtor e ao frigorífico.(AU)

Resumo

Clitoria ternateaL. is a vital ayurvedic herbfeatured with a wide spectrum of mental health benefits. The present study investigates the competence of the plant against depression and to inhibit the membrane efflux protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that can regulate and restrict drug permeation into the brain. Antidepressant competence of the aqueous plant extract was assessed by animal despair studies on depression induced female mice models. The P-glycoprotein inhibitory potential of active phytocompounds was evaluated by molecular docking assay and substantiated by a cell line study. The in vivostudies exhibited a significant difference in the immobility time thereby establishing antidepressant activity. The histopathological sections from cortex region of treated brain showed decreased degenerative changes. Ten imperative phytocompounds facilitated docking complexes against P-glycoprotein among which Kaempferol 3-O-(2״,6״-di-O-rhamnopyranosyl) glucopyranoside exhibited a finest docking score of -12.569 kcal mol-1. Conversely it was attested by the rhodamine transport assay that demonstrated the inhibitory potential to surpass blood brain barrier. The outcome of the study endorses the efficacy of Clitoria ternateaL. as an idyllic brain drug and facilitates brain permeability.