Quality of milk fat obtained from cows and buffaloes fed a diet supplemented with flaxseed or soybean oils

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the quality of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) of cows and buffaloes supplemented with flaxseed oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), or their mixture (FSO). Lactating crossbred cows and buffaloes were fed with control diet or with one of three supplements: 2% FO, 2% SO, and 2% FSO according to a double 4 x4 Latin Square Design. The diets with FO, SO, or FSO reduced saturated FA, mainly C4:0, C14:0 and C16:0, while increased the unsaturated FA C18:1 and C18:2 in milk from cows andbuffaloes. Cholesterol content decreased in cow's AMF while increased in buffalo's AMF when a diet supplemented with FO, SO, or FSO. The diet with SO or FSO increased the content of vitamin E in AMF obtained from cows (25.06 and 17.89 mg 100 g-1) and buffaloes (28.48 and 30.32 mg 100 g-1) compared with the control diet (11.02 and 15.68 mg 100 g-1), respectively, which correlated positively with scavenging activity for DPPH• (r2= 0.66) and ABTS•(r2= 0.67) radicals. Solid fat content (SFC) was high for cow's AMF, with 58.12-60.37% at 5°C compared to that of buffalo's AMF, with 52.37-56.98%, but was low for cow's AMF at >15°C. Finally, supplementing a diet with vegetable oils, particularly SO, improves the quality of AMF; increases USFA/SFA ratio, vitamin E content, and antioxidant activities.(AU)

Application of natural antioxidants in animal reproduction / Aplicação de antioxidantes naturais na reprodução animal

Antioxidants are natural or synthetic substances that delay oxidation through one or more mechanisms, such as scavenging free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and complexing with metals, inhibiting tissue destruction via oxidation. Antioxidants are commonly used in animal feed and the food industry to prevent the oxidation of animal-origin products. Moreover, natural oxidants are used increasingly in animal reproduction, especially for semen preservation. In this context, this study aimed to review the applications of natural antioxidants in animal reproduction. We observed that the bulk of the natural antioxidants, approximately 80.4%, were commercially acquired and used mainly for semen cooling/freezing (72%) with promising results (90%) in Sus scrofa (boar), Capra aegagrus hircus (goat), Gallus gallus domesticus (rooster), and Ovis aries (ram). However, further studies are needed to help determine the appropriate dosage of natural antioxidants for applications.

Antioxidantes são substâncias naturais ou sintéticas que facilitam o retardo da oxidação por um ou mais mecanismos, como sequestrar radicais livres, inibir a peroxidação lipídica e complexar com metais, inibindo a destruição tecidual via oxidação. Antioxidantes são comumente usados na alimentação animal e na indústria alimentícia para prevenir a oxidação de produtos de origem animal. Além disso, os oxidantes naturais estão sendo cada vez mais aplicados na reprodução animal, principalmente na preservação do sêmen. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a aplicação de antioxidantes naturais na reprodução animal. Observamos que os antioxidantes naturais foram geralmente adquiridos comercialmente (80,4%) e utilizados principalmente no resfriamento/congelamento de sêmen (72%) com resultados promissores (90%) em Sus scrofa (javali), Capra aegagrus hircus (cabra), Gallus gallus domesticus (galo) e Ovis aries (carneiro). No entanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados para ajudar a regular a dosagem de antioxidantes naturais para sua aplicação.

Performance and meat quality of broilers fed different levels of alpha-tocopherol / Desempenho e qualidade de carne de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de alfa-tocoferol

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and meat quality of broilers fed different levels of alpha tocopherol. A total of 240 one-day-old Cobb 500® male broiler chicks were reared until day 7 of life, as recommended by the commercial line, and were fed at only 50% of the alpha-tocopherol requirement. At day 8, the chicks were weighed, homogenized, and allotted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (50, 100, 150, and 200% alpha-tocopherol requirement) and six replicates of ten chickens per experimental unit. Several variables were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and prime cuts (drumstick, thigh, and breast), edible viscera (heart, liver, gizzard), immune organs (cloacal bursa and spleen), intestine weight and length, abdominal fat, breast meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness), pH, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat. Dietary alpha-tocopherol levels did not influence broiler performance, carcass yield, and prime cuts at 42 days of age. The edible viscera, immune organs, the length of the small intestine, and the abdominal fat, as well as the meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness), pH, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat, were not influenced. However, the small intestine yield increased linearly with increasing levels of alpha-tocopherol. The dietary levels of alpha tocopherol did not influence the performance and meat quality of broilers from 8 to 42 days of age.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade de carne de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de alfa-tocoferol. Foram utilizados 240 pintos de corte, machos, da linhagem Cobb 500®, de um dia de idade, criadas até o sétimo dia de vida, de acordo com a recomendação da linhagem e recebendo ração com apenas 50% da exigência de alfa-tocoferol. Aos oito dias, as aves foram pesadas, homogeneizadas e os tratamentos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (50, 100, 150 e 200% das exigências de alfa-tocoferol) e seis repetições de dez aves por unidade experimental. As variáveis avaliadas foram o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar, os rendimentos de carcaça e cortes nobres (coxa, sobrecoxa e peito), as vísceras comestíveis (coração, fígado, moela), os órgãos imunes (Bolsa cloacal e Baço), peso e comprimento do intestino delgado, a gordura abdominal, a coloração (luminosidade, vermelho e amarelo), o pH, a perda de peso por cocção e a força de cisalhamento do músculo do peito. Observou-se que os níveis de alfa-tocoferol, não influenciaram as variáveis de desempenho das aves aos 42 dias de idade. Da mesma forma, não influenciaram o rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres. As vísceras comestíveis, os órgãos imunes, o comprimento do intestino delgado e a gordura abdominal, também não foram influenciadas, assim como, a coloração (luminosidade, vermelho e amarelo), o pH, a perda de peso por cocção e a força de cisalhamento do músculo do peito. Porém, houve efeito linear crescente para o rendimento do intestino delgado. Os níveis de alfa-tocoferol nas dietas, não influenciaram o desempenho e a qualidade de carne de frangos de corte dos 8 aos 42 dias de idade.

Performance and meat quality of broilers fed different levels of alpha-tocopherol / Desempenho e qualidade de carne de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de alfa-tocoferol

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and meat quality of broilers fed different levels of alpha tocopherol. A total of 240 one-day-old Cobb 500® male broiler chicks were reared until day 7 of life, as recommended by the commercial line, and were fed at only 50% of the alpha-tocopherol requirement. At day 8, the chicks were weighed, homogenized, and allotted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (50, 100, 150, and 200% alpha-tocopherol requirement) and six replicates of ten chickens per experimental unit. Several variables were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and prime cuts (drumstick, thigh, and breast), edible viscera (heart, liver, gizzard), immune organs (cloacal bursa and spleen), intestine weight and length, abdominal fat, breast meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness), pH, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat. Dietary alpha-tocopherol levels did not influence broiler performance, carcass yield, and prime cuts at 42 days of age. The edible viscera, immune organs, the length of the small intestine, and the abdominal fat, as well as the meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness), pH, cooking loss, and shear force of the breast meat, were not influenced. However, the small intestine yield increased linearly with increasing levels of alpha-tocopherol. The dietary levels of alpha tocopherol did not influence the performance and meat quality of broilers from 8 to 42 days of age.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade de carne de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de alfa-tocoferol. Foram utilizados 240 pintos de corte, machos, da linhagem Cobb 500®, de um dia de idade, criadas até o sétimo dia de vida, de acordo com a recomendação da linhagem e recebendo ração com apenas 50% da exigência de alfa-tocoferol. Aos oito dias, as aves foram pesadas, homogeneizadas e os tratamentos distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (50, 100, 150 e 200% das exigências de alfa-tocoferol) e seis repetições de dez aves por unidade experimental. As variáveis avaliadas foram o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar, os rendimentos de carcaça e cortes nobres (coxa, sobrecoxa e peito), as vísceras comestíveis (coração, fígado, moela), os órgãos imunes (Bolsa cloacal e Baço), peso e comprimento do intestino delgado, a gordura abdominal, a coloração (luminosidade, vermelho e amarelo), o pH, a perda de peso por cocção e a força de cisalhamento do músculo do peito. Observou-se que os níveis de alfa-tocoferol, não influenciaram as variáveis de desempenho das aves aos 42 dias de idade. Da mesma forma, não influenciaram o rendimento de carcaça e cortes nobres. As vísceras comestíveis, os órgãos imunes, o comprimento do intestino delgado e a gordura abdominal, também não foram influenciadas, assim como, a coloração (luminosidade, vermelho e amarelo), o pH, a perda de peso por cocção e a força de cisalhamento do músculo do peito. Porém, houve efeito linear crescente para o rendimento do intestino delgado. Os níveis de alfa-tocoferol nas dietas, não influenciaram o desempenho e a qualidade de carne de frangos de corte dos 8 aos 42 dias de idade.(AU)

Effects of the addition of docosahexaenoic acid and a-tocopherol on quality of equine spermatozoa stored at 5ºC / Efeitos da adição de ácido docosahexaenoico e a-tocoferol na qualidade do espermatozoide equino armazenados a 5ºC

Plasma membrane composition has impact on phase transition from liquid crystal to gel state of cooled sperm cell. The incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids increases its fluidity and can contribute to sperm motility. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of adding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and α-tocopherol (α-Toh) to the cooling extender, singly or combined, to the equine sperm parameters, submitted to cooling, up to 72 hours. Two ejaculates of ten stallions collected with artificial vagina were used, and evaluated for motility, plasma membrane integrity, chromatin fragmentation, mitochondrial activity and lipid peroxidation, according to the following treatments: C; DHA; α-Toh; DHA/α-Toh; EtOH 100: and EtOH 140 (corresponding to control; 10 ng mL-1 of DHA; 2 mM of α-Toh; : 10 ng mL-1 of DHA + 2 mM of α-Toh; 100 µL of ethanol and 140 µL of ethanol respectively). DHA treatment showed higher motility (68.2 ± 12.3; p < 0.05) when compared to control (62.1 ± 16.2), DHA/α-Toh (61.3 ± 12.7) and EtOH (58.1 ± 8.6) groups. In lipid peroxidation assay, the control group showed 2,506.2 ± 796.4 ng of MDA 108 spermatozoa-1, being significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the groups treated with DHA (2,036.0 ± 687.0), α-Toh (1,890.8 ± 749.5) and DHA/α-Toh (1,821.1 ± 627.2). In conclusion, α-Toh was effective in diminishing lipid peroxidation of equine sperm subjected to cooling, and DHA improved sperm motility and, in spite of being a polyunsaturated fatty acid with high susceptibility to peroxidation, reduced lipid peroxidation.

A composição da membrana plasmática tem impacto na transição de fase do estado cristal líquido para o estado gel das células espermáticas submetidas à refrigeração. A incorporação de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados aumenta sua fluidez e pode contribuir para a motilidade espermática. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o efeito da adição de ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA) e α-tocoferol (α-Toh) ao diluidor de refrigeração, isoladamente ou combinado, aos parâmetros do sêmen equino, submetidos à refrigeração por até 72 horas. Foram utilizados dois ejaculados de dez garanhões coletados com vagina artificial e avaliados quanto à motilidade, integridade da membrana plasmática, fragmentação da cromatina, atividade mitocondrial e peroxidação lipídica, de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: C; DHA; a-Toh; DHA / a-Toh; EtOH 100: e EtOH 140 (correspondentes ao controle; 10 ng mL-1 de DHA; 2 mM de α-Toh;: 10 ng mL-1 de DHA + 2 mM de α-Toh; 100 µL de etanol e 140 µL de etanol, respectivamente). O tratamento com DHA mostrou maior motilidade (68,2 ± 12,3; p < 0,05) quando comparado aos grupos controle (62,1 ± 16,2), DHA/α-Toh (61,3 ± 12,7) e EtOH (58,1 ± 8,6). Na análise de peroxidação lipídica, o grupo controle mostrou 2.506,2 ± 796,4 ng de MDA 108 espermatozoides-1, sendo significativamente maior (p < 0,05) do que os grupos tratados com DHA (2.036,0 ± 687,0), α-Toh (1.890,8 ± 749,5) e DHA / a-Toh (1.821,1 ± 627,2). Em conclusão, α-Toh foi eficaz na diminuição da peroxidação lipídica de espermatozoide equino submetido ao resfriamento, e o DHA melhorou a motilidade espermática e, apesar de ser um ácido graxo poliinsaturado com alta suscetibilidade à peroxidação, reduziu a peroxidação lipídica.

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de um surto de miopatia nutricional em potros ˗ relato de caso / [Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of an outbreak of nutritional myopathy in young horses ˗ case report]

A miopatia nutricional é uma doença degenerativa que pode afetar os músculos esqueléticos e cardíaco, causada pela deficiência dietética de selênio e/ou vitamina E. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em dois potros Puro Sangue Inglês, criados de forma extensiva, com baixa disponibilidade de forragem e sem suplementação mineral. De um lote de nove animais de diferentes idades (cinco éguas adultas, uma potra lactente de três meses,uma mula e dois potros de 16 e 17 meses), apenas os dois últimos foram afetados. Clinicamente, havia decúbito lateral ou esternal, taquicardia, taquipneia, desidratação e dor à palpação muscular na região dos glúteos.O diagnóstico presuntivo de miopatia nutricional foi realizado por meio da associação dos sinais clínicos aos dados epidemiológicos.O animal 1 foi eutanasiado cinco dias após o atendimento devido à piora gradativa do quadro, e o animal 2 recuperou-se com o tratamento adotado. O diagnóstico foi confirmado com base nos exames complementares, nos achados de necropsia e na dosagem da concentração hepática de selênio. Este relato de caso alerta para o risco da ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em equinos, sobretudo jovens, sem acesso a pastagens ou feno de boa qualidade e sem suplementação mineral adequada.(AU)

Nutritional myopathy is a degenerative disease caused by the dietary deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E that can affect skeletal and cardiac muscles. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of nutritional myopathy in two Thoroughbred young horses, raised in pastures with low forage availability and no mineral supplementation. From a herd of nine animals of different ages (five adult mares, one three-month-old nursing foal, one mule and two 16- and 17-month-old horses), only the last two were affected. Clinical signs were lateral or sternal recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, dehydration and muscle pain. Presumptive diagnosis of nutritional myopathy was made associating clinical signs and epidemiological data. Animal 1 was euthanized five days after the first evaluation due to clinical signs gets worse, and animal 2 recovered with the established treatment. Diagnosis was confirmed with complementary exams, necropsy findings and levels of hepatic selenium. This paper alerts to the risk of nutritional myopathy occurrence in horses, mainly young animals, which are not ingesting good quality hay or green forage and do not receive appropriate mineral supplementation.(AU)

Effects of the addition of docosahexaenoic acid and a-tocopherol on quality of equine spermatozoa stored at 5ºC / Efeitos da adição de ácido docosahexaenoico e a-tocoferol na qualidade do espermatozoide equino armazenados a 5ºC

Plasma membrane composition has impact on phase transition from liquid crystal to gel state of cooled sperm cell. The incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids increases its fluidity and can contribute to sperm motility. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of adding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and α-tocopherol (α-Toh) to the cooling extender, singly or combined, to the equine sperm parameters, submitted to cooling, up to 72 hours. Two ejaculates of ten stallions collected with artificial vagina were used, and evaluated for motility, plasma membrane integrity, chromatin fragmentation, mitochondrial activity and lipid peroxidation, according to the following treatments: C; DHA; α-Toh; DHA/α-Toh; EtOH 100: and EtOH 140 (corresponding to control; 10 ng mL-1 of DHA; 2 mM of α-Toh; : 10 ng mL-1 of DHA + 2 mM of α-Toh; 100 µL of ethanol and 140 µL of ethanol respectively). DHA treatment showed higher motility (68.2 ± 12.3; p < 0.05) when compared to control (62.1 ± 16.2), DHA/α-Toh (61.3 ± 12.7) and EtOH (58.1 ± 8.6) groups. In lipid peroxidation assay, the control group showed 2,506.2 ± 796.4 ng of MDA 108 spermatozoa-1, being significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the groups treated with DHA (2,036.0 ± 687.0), α-Toh (1,890.8 ± 749.5) and DHA/α-Toh (1,821.1 ± 627.2). In conclusion, α-Toh was effective in diminishing lipid peroxidation of equine sperm subjected to cooling, and DHA improved sperm motility and, in spite of being a polyunsaturated fatty acid with high susceptibility to peroxidation, reduced lipid peroxidation.(AU)

A composição da membrana plasmática tem impacto na transição de fase do estado cristal líquido para o estado gel das células espermáticas submetidas à refrigeração. A incorporação de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados aumenta sua fluidez e pode contribuir para a motilidade espermática. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o efeito da adição de ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA) e α-tocoferol (α-Toh) ao diluidor de refrigeração, isoladamente ou combinado, aos parâmetros do sêmen equino, submetidos à refrigeração por até 72 horas. Foram utilizados dois ejaculados de dez garanhões coletados com vagina artificial e avaliados quanto à motilidade, integridade da membrana plasmática, fragmentação da cromatina, atividade mitocondrial e peroxidação lipídica, de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: C; DHA; a-Toh; DHA / a-Toh; EtOH 100: e EtOH 140 (correspondentes ao controle; 10 ng mL-1 de DHA; 2 mM de α-Toh;: 10 ng mL-1 de DHA + 2 mM de α-Toh; 100 µL de etanol e 140 µL de etanol, respectivamente). O tratamento com DHA mostrou maior motilidade (68,2 ± 12,3; p < 0,05) quando comparado aos grupos controle (62,1 ± 16,2), DHA/α-Toh (61,3 ± 12,7) e EtOH (58,1 ± 8,6). Na análise de peroxidação lipídica, o grupo controle mostrou 2.506,2 ± 796,4 ng de MDA 108 espermatozoides-1, sendo significativamente maior (p < 0,05) do que os grupos tratados com DHA (2.036,0 ± 687,0), α-Toh (1.890,8 ± 749,5) e DHA / a-Toh (1.821,1 ± 627,2). Em conclusão, α-Toh foi eficaz na diminuição da peroxidação lipídica de espermatozoide equino submetido ao resfriamento, e o DHA melhorou a motilidade espermática e, apesar de ser um ácido graxo poliinsaturado com alta suscetibilidade à peroxidação, reduziu a peroxidação lipídica.(AU)

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de um surto de miopatia nutricional em potros - relato de caso / [Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of an outbreak of nutritional myopathy in young horses - case report]

A miopatia nutricional é uma doença degenerativa que pode afetar os músculos esqueléticos e cardíaco, causada pela deficiência dietética de selênio e/ou vitamina E. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em dois potros Puro Sangue Inglês, criados de forma extensiva, com baixa disponibilidade de forragem e sem suplementação mineral. De um lote de nove animais de diferentes idades (cinco éguas adultas, uma potra lactente de três meses,uma mula e dois potros de 16 e 17 meses), apenas os dois últimos foram afetados. Clinicamente, havia decúbito lateral ou esternal, taquicardia, taquipneia, desidratação e dor à palpação muscular na região dos glúteos.O diagnóstico presuntivo de miopatia nutricional foi realizado por meio da associação dos sinais clínicos aos dados epidemiológicos.O animal 1 foi eutanasiado cinco dias após o atendimento devido à piora gradativa do quadro, e o animal 2 recuperou-se com o tratamento adotado. O diagnóstico foi confirmado com base nos exames complementares, nos achados de necropsia e na dosagem da concentração hepática de selênio. Este relato de caso alerta para o risco da ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em equinos, sobretudo jovens, sem acesso a pastagens ou feno de boa qualidade e sem suplementação mineral adequada.(AU)

Nutritional myopathy is a degenerative disease caused by the dietary deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E that can affect skeletal and cardiac muscles. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of nutritional myopathy in two Thoroughbred young horses, raised in pastures with low forage availability and no mineral supplementation. From a herd of nine animals of different ages (five adult mares, one three-month-old nursing foal, one mule and two 16- and 17-month-old horses), only the last two were affected. Clinical signs were lateral or sternal recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, dehydration and muscle pain. Presumptive diagnosis of nutritional myopathy was made associating clinical signs and epidemiological data. Animal 1 was euthanized five days after the first evaluation due to clinical signs gets worse, and animal 2 recovered with the established treatment. Diagnosis was confirmed with complementary exams, necropsy findings and levels of hepatic selenium. This paper alerts to the risk of nutritional myopathy occurrence in horses, mainly young animals, which are not ingesting good quality hay or green forage and do not receive appropriate mineral supplementation.(AU)

Effects of The Dietary Supplementation of Layer Diets with Natural and Synthetic Antioxidant Additives on Yolk Lipid Peroxidation and Fatty Acid Composition of Eggs Stored at Different Temperatures and Duration

In this study, the effects of the supplementation of natural and synthetic antioxidant additives in layer diets on egg weight loss, yolk lipid peroxidation (TBARS values) and fatty acid composition of eggs stored at different temperatures and duration were evaluated. In total, 112 48- weeks-old Bovans White layers were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with four replicates of seven birds each. The treatments consisted of a control diet, containing no additives, and diets with the inclusion of 200 mg synthetic vitamin E/kg, 1000 mg thyme extract/kg and 1000 mg rosemary extract/kg. Dietary treatments did not influence (p>0.05) relative weight loss of eggs stored for 14, 28, and 56 days, except for those from rosemary-fed hens stored at room temperature on d 42, which were significantly lighter than the eggs from vitamin E- and thyme-fed hens (p 0.001). Relative egg weight loss was significantly higher (p 0.001) when stored at room temperature than under refrigeration, independently of storage time. In eggs stored at room temperature, yolk TBARS values were significantly lower (p 0.001) in the eggs of vitamin E-fed hens, whereas no influence (p>0.05) of dietary treatment on yolk TBARS values were detected in refrigerated eggs. The inclusion of the synthetic and both natural antioxidants in layer diets significantly reduced stearic acid (C18: 0) level in the egg yolk. In addition, only natural antioxidants significantly increased yolk levels of palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) and vaccenic acid (C18: 1n7). The results of the present study showed that adequate storage temperature was more effective in improving egg shelf life than feeding layers synthetic or natural antioxidant additives. However, the positive effects of the evaluated natural antioxidants on yolk fatty acid composition suggest their supplementation to layer diets may provide health benefits to the consumer.(AU)

Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on Serum Hormones and Gene Expression of Anti-season Breeding Xingguo Grey Geese (Anser cygnoides)

The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of dietary vitamin E supplementation on laying performance, serum reproductive hormones concentration and gene expression in ovary and follicles of anti-season breeding goose. A total of 210 anti-season breeding geese were divided into seven treatments with six replications. Each group was supplied with diets containing different vitamin E (DL--tocopherol acetate) contents (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320mg/kg). We observed that the egg production and laying rate improved significantly at doses of 10 and 80 mg/kg, while the highest egg weight appeared in the 320 mg/kg group. Meantime, 80 mg/kg of vitamin E supplementation significantly improved the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) in serum (p 0.05). Dietary vitamin E supplementation significantly enhanced mRNA expression of FSHR, LHR and ESR1 at a dose of 80mg/kg, while PRLR increased at doses of 10 and 20mg/kg (p 0.05). It was found that the mRNA expression of Dicer increased at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg of vitamin E supplementation in the ovary, SWF, LWF and SYF, respectively. Thence, Dietary vitamin E supplementation could improve egg laying performance, plasma reproductive hormones and the mRNA expression of reproductive hormone receptor genes in ovary, as well as the mRNA expression of Dicer in ovary, SWF, LWF and SYF. It was supposed that 80 mg/kg of vitamin E supplementation in dietary was appropriate to improve the fertility of anti-season breeding Xingguo grey goose.(AU)

Effects of The Dietary Supplementation of Layer Diets with Natural and Synthetic Antioxidant Additives on Yolk Lipid Peroxidation and Fatty Acid Composition of Eggs Stored at Different Temperatures and Duration

In this study, the effects of the supplementation of natural and synthetic antioxidant additives in layer diets on egg weight loss, yolk lipid peroxidation (TBARS values) and fatty acid composition of eggs stored at different temperatures and duration were evaluated. In total, 112 48- weeks-old Bovans White layers were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with four replicates of seven birds each. The treatments consisted of a control diet, containing no additives, and diets with the inclusion of 200 mg synthetic vitamin E/kg, 1000 mg thyme extract/kg and 1000 mg rosemary extract/kg. Dietary treatments did not influence (p>0.05) relative weight loss of eggs stored for 14, 28, and 56 days, except for those from rosemary-fed hens stored at room temperature on d 42, which were significantly lighter than the eggs from vitamin E- and thyme-fed hens (p 0.001). Relative egg weight loss was significantly higher (p 0.001) when stored at room temperature than under refrigeration, independently of storage time. In eggs stored at room temperature, yolk TBARS values were significantly lower (p 0.001) in the eggs of vitamin E-fed hens, whereas no influence (p>0.05) of dietary treatment on yolk TBARS values were detected in refrigerated eggs. The inclusion of the synthetic and both natural antioxidants in layer diets significantly reduced stearic acid (C18: 0) level in the egg yolk. In addition, only natural antioxidants significantly increased yolk levels of palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) and vaccenic acid (C18: 1n7). The results of the present study showed that adequate storage temperature was more effective in improving egg shelf life than feeding layers synthetic or natural antioxidant additives. However, the positive effects of the evaluated natural antioxidants on yolk fatty acid composition suggest their supplementation to layer diets may provide health benefits to the consumer.

Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on Serum Hormones and Gene Expression of Anti-season Breeding Xingguo Grey Geese (Anser cygnoides)

The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of dietary vitamin E supplementation on laying performance, serum reproductive hormones concentration and gene expression in ovary and follicles of anti-season breeding goose. A total of 210 anti-season breeding geese were divided into seven treatments with six replications. Each group was supplied with diets containing different vitamin E (DL--tocopherol acetate) contents (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320mg/kg). We observed that the egg production and laying rate improved significantly at doses of 10 and 80 mg/kg, while the highest egg weight appeared in the 320 mg/kg group. Meantime, 80 mg/kg of vitamin E supplementation significantly improved the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) in serum (p 0.05). Dietary vitamin E supplementation significantly enhanced mRNA expression of FSHR, LHR and ESR1 at a dose of 80mg/kg, while PRLR increased at doses of 10 and 20mg/kg (p 0.05). It was found that the mRNA expression of Dicer increased at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg of vitamin E supplementation in the ovary, SWF, LWF and SYF, respectively. Thence, Dietary vitamin E supplementation could improve egg laying performance, plasma reproductive hormones and the mRNA expression of reproductive hormone receptor genes in ovary, as well as the mRNA expression of Dicer in ovary, SWF, LWF and SYF. It was supposed that 80 mg/kg of vitamin E supplementation in dietary was appropriate to improve the fertility of anti-season breeding Xingguo grey goose.

Dietary Effects of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidant on Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Diets with Oxidized Oil

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary oxidized oil and natural polyphenol antioxidants on laying performances and egg quality of laying hens. A total of two hundred, 61-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens were divided into five groups, consisting in four replicates of 10 birds each. They were fed one of the five experimental diets (fresh oil only, oxidized oil without antioxidants, oxidized oil with vitamin E 200 ppm, oxidized oil with vitamin E 100 ppm + Cabanin CSD 100 ppm, oxidized oil with Cabanin CSD 500 ppm)respectively, for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in laying performances and egg weight among the treatments. However, egg mass in group fed oxidized oil with vitamin E 100 ppm + Cabanin CSD 100 ppmwas significantly higher than group fed oxidized oil only (p 0.05). Eggshell thickness and eggshell strength was not affected by feeding of oxidized oil and antioxidants. Haugh unit checked after storage of 14 d from the end date of the trial showed significant difference (p 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity was significantly higher in antioxidant treated groups. The level of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) was significantly lower in groups fed vitamin E 100 ppm + Cabanin CSD 100 ppm or Cabanin CSD 500 ppm compared to groups fed oxidized oil without antioxidant. The number of total microbes, lactobacilli, and Enterocossus faecium showed significant difference favored to antioxidants groups. This study indicates that addition of oxidized oil to layer diet may have harmful effect on oxidative status and egg quality, but concurrent addition of vitamin E and natural polyphenol can alleviate the toxic effect of oxidized oil.(AU)

Dietary Effects of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidant on Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Diets with Oxidized Oil

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary oxidized oil and natural polyphenol antioxidants on laying performances and egg quality of laying hens. A total of two hundred, 61-week-old Lohmann Brown laying hens were divided into five groups, consisting in four replicates of 10 birds each. They were fed one of the five experimental diets (fresh oil only, oxidized oil without antioxidants, oxidized oil with vitamin E 200 ppm, oxidized oil with vitamin E 100 ppm + Cabanin CSD 100 ppm, oxidized oil with Cabanin CSD 500 ppm)respectively, for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in laying performances and egg weight among the treatments. However, egg mass in group fed oxidized oil with vitamin E 100 ppm + Cabanin CSD 100 ppmwas significantly higher than group fed oxidized oil only (p 0.05). Eggshell thickness and eggshell strength was not affected by feeding of oxidized oil and antioxidants. Haugh unit checked after storage of 14 d from the end date of the trial showed significant difference (p 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity was significantly higher in antioxidant treated groups. The level of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) was significantly lower in groups fed vitamin E 100 ppm + Cabanin CSD 100 ppm or Cabanin CSD 500 ppm compared to groups fed oxidized oil without antioxidant. The number of total microbes, lactobacilli, and Enterocossus faecium showed significant difference favored to antioxidants groups. This study indicates that addition of oxidized oil to layer diet may have harmful effect on oxidative status and egg quality, but concurrent addition of vitamin E and natural polyphenol can alleviate the toxic effect of oxidized oil.

Adição de vitamina e selênio no sêmen refrigerado de cães da raça blue heeler

A utilização de sêmen refrigerado é comum na prática reprodutiva devido ao fácil manuseio e baixo custo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a vitamina E e selênio como antioxidantes para conservação. No controle foi visualizada alterações causadas pelo tempo desde a segunda avaliação, nas amostras com vitamina E houve preservação da viabilidade espermática por mais tempo. O acréscimo de selênio não demonstrou diferença estatística na preservação espermática. Desta forma, concluiu-se que o uso de vitamina e mostrou ser eficiente na conservação do sêmen, enquanto a adição de selênio à vitamina E não demonstrou diferença estatística.(AU)

The use of cooled semen is common in reproductive practice because of its easy handling and low cost. The objective of this work was to evaluate vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants for conservation. In the samples control was visualized changes caused by the time since the second evaluation, in the samples with vitamin E there was preservation of the sperm viability for longer. The addition of selenium did not show statistical difference in sperm preservation. Thus, it was concluded that the use of vitamin E showed to be efficient in the conservation of semen, while the addition of selenium to vitamin E did not show statistical difference.(AU)

Adição de vitamina e selênio no sêmen refrigerado de cães da raça blue heeler

A utilização de sêmen refrigerado é comum na prática reprodutiva devido ao fácil manuseio e baixo custo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a vitamina E e selênio como antioxidantes para conservação. No controle foi visualizada alterações causadas pelo tempo desde a segunda avaliação, nas amostras com vitamina E houve preservação da viabilidade espermática por mais tempo. O acréscimo de selênio não demonstrou diferença estatística na preservação espermática. Desta forma, concluiu-se que o uso de vitamina e mostrou ser eficiente na conservação do sêmen, enquanto a adição de selênio à vitamina E não demonstrou diferença estatística.

The use of cooled semen is common in reproductive practice because of its easy handling and low cost. The objective of this work was to evaluate vitamin E and selenium as antioxidants for conservation. In the samples control was visualized changes caused by the time since the second evaluation, in the samples with vitamin E there was preservation of the sperm viability for longer. The addition of selenium did not show statistical difference in sperm preservation. Thus, it was concluded that the use of vitamin E showed to be efficient in the conservation of semen, while the addition of selenium to vitamin E did not show statistical difference.

Meat quality of lambs supplemented with intramuscular vitamin E / Qualidade da carne de cordeiros suplementados com vitamina E por via intramuscular

This study evaluated the effects of intramuscular alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) supplementation on meat quality characteristics of Santa Inês and Dorper crossbreed lambs. All animals were feed with a high concentrated diet in feedlot. Eight days before slaughter, the animals were distributed into four blocks according to weight gain. At the seventh and fourth days before slaughter, they were intramuscularly treated with 0, 10 or 20 IU of DL-alpha-tocopherol per kg of metabolic body weight. At slaughter they had 138 days of age and 43.6 kg of live weight, in average. Carcasses were stored for 24 hours under refrigeration at 2°C. Longissimus thoracis muscle pH (pH24h) and color (lightness, yellowness and redness) were analyzed and its samples were collected for evaluation of shear force (SF), cooking loss (WLC), fatty acid composition (FA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after one (TBARS1m) and after five months (TBARS5m) of freezing. Linearity deviation effect was observed for lightness (L*; P=0.0042) and yellowness (b*; P=0.0082). Intramuscular administration of 10 or 20 IU of alpha-tocopherol/kg of metabolic weight did not influence the conservation of fatty acid in the carcasses, but benefit L* and b* values.(AU)

O estudo avaliou os efeitos da suplementação pela via intramuscular de alfa-tocoferol (vitamina E) na qualidade da carne de cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês e Dorper. Os animais foram mantidos em confinamento, sendo alimentados com dieta contendo alto teor de concentrado energético. Oito dias antes do abate os cordeiros foram distribuídos em quatro blocos, de acordo com seu ganho de peso. No sétimo e quarto dias antes do abate eles foram tratados por via intramuscular com 0, 10 ou 20 UI de DL-alfa-tocoferol por kg de peso metabólico. No momento do abate os animais tinham, em média, 138 dias de idade e 43,6 kg de peso vivo. As carcaças foram armazenadas a 2°C por 24 horas. Foram determinados pH (pH24h) e cor (luminosidade, teor de vermelho e teor de amarelo) do músculo Longissimus thoracis, bem como força de cisalhamento, perda por cocção, composição dos ácidos graxos e quantidade de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico após um e cinco meses de congelamento. Observou-se efeito de desvio da linearidade para luminosidade (L*; P=0.0042) e para o croma amarelo (b*; P=0.0082). A administração intramuscular de 10 e 20 UI de alfa-tocoferol/kg de peso metabólico não influenciou a conservação de ácidos graxos das carcaças, mas melhorou os valores de L* e b*.(AU)

Meat quality of lambs supplemented with intramuscular vitamin E / Qualidade da carne de cordeiros suplementados com vitamina E por via intramuscular

This study evaluated the effects of intramuscular alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) supplementation on meat quality characteristics of Santa Inês and Dorper crossbreed lambs. All animals were feed with a high concentrated diet in feedlot. Eight days before slaughter, the animals were distributed into four blocks according to weight gain. At the seventh and fourth days before slaughter, they were intramuscularly treated with 0, 10 or 20 IU of DL-alpha-tocopherol per kg of metabolic body weight. At slaughter they had 138 days of age and 43.6 kg of live weight, in average. Carcasses were stored for 24 hours under refrigeration at 2°C. Longissimus thoracis muscle pH (pH24h) and color (lightness, yellowness and redness) were analyzed and its samples were collected for evaluation of shear force (SF), cooking loss (WLC), fatty acid composition (FA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after one (TBARS1m) and after five months (TBARS5m) of freezing. Linearity deviation effect was observed for lightness (L*; P=0.0042) and yellowness (b*; P=0.0082). Intramuscular administration of 10 or 20 IU of alpha-tocopherol/kg of metabolic weight did not influence the conservation of fatty acid in the carcasses, but benefit L* and b* values.(AU)

O estudo avaliou os efeitos da suplementação pela via intramuscular de alfa-tocoferol (vitamina E) na qualidade da carne de cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês e Dorper. Os animais foram mantidos em confinamento, sendo alimentados com dieta contendo alto teor de concentrado energético. Oito dias antes do abate os cordeiros foram distribuídos em quatro blocos, de acordo com seu ganho de peso. No sétimo e quarto dias antes do abate eles foram tratados por via intramuscular com 0, 10 ou 20 UI de DL-alfa-tocoferol por kg de peso metabólico. No momento do abate os animais tinham, em média, 138 dias de idade e 43,6 kg de peso vivo. As carcaças foram armazenadas a 2°C por 24 horas. Foram determinados pH (pH24h) e cor (luminosidade, teor de vermelho e teor de amarelo) do músculo Longissimus thoracis, bem como força de cisalhamento, perda por cocção, composição dos ácidos graxos e quantidade de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico após um e cinco meses de congelamento. Observou-se efeito de desvio da linearidade para luminosidade (L*; P=0.0042) e para o croma amarelo (b*; P=0.0082). A administração intramuscular de 10 e 20 UI de alfa-tocoferol/kg de peso metabólico não influenciou a conservação de ácidos graxos das carcaças, mas melhorou os valores de L* e b*.(AU)

Meat quality of lambs supplemented with intramuscular vitamin E

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of intramuscular alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) supplementation on meat quality characteristics of Santa Inês and Dorper crossbreed lambs. All animals were feed with a high concentrated diet in feedlot. Eight days before slaughter, the animals were distributed into four blocks according to weight gain. At the seventh and fourth days before slaughter, they were intramuscularly treated with 0, 10 or 20 IU of DL-alpha-tocopherol per kg of metabolic body weight. At slaughter they had 138 days of age and 43.6 kg of live weight, in average. Carcasses were stored for 24 hours under refrigeration at 2°C. Longissimus thoracis muscle pH (pH24h) and color (lightness, yellowness and redness) were analyzed and its samples were collected for evaluation of shear force (SF), cooking loss (WLC), fatty acid composition (FA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after one (TBARS1m) and after five months (TBARS5m) of freezing. Linearity deviation effect was observed for lightness (L*; P=0.0042) and yellowness (b*; P=0.0082). Intramuscular administration of 10 or 20 IU of alpha-tocopherol/kg of metabolic weight did not influence the conservation of fatty acid in the carcasses, but benefit L* and b* values.

RESUMO: O estudo avaliou os efeitos da suplementação pela via intramuscular de alfa-tocoferol (vitamina E) na qualidade da carne de cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês e Dorper. Os animais foram mantidos em confinamento, sendo alimentados com dieta contendo alto teor de concentrado energético. Oito dias antes do abate os cordeiros foram distribuídos em quatro blocos, de acordo com seu ganho de peso. No sétimo e quarto dias antes do abate eles foram tratados por via intramuscular com 0, 10 ou 20 UI de DL-alfa-tocoferol por kg de peso metabólico. No momento do abate os animais tinham, em média, 138 dias de idade e 43,6 kg de peso vivo. As carcaças foram armazenadas a 2°C por 24 horas. Foram determinados pH (pH24h) e cor (luminosidade, teor de vermelho e teor de amarelo) do músculo Longissimus thoracis, bem como força de cisalhamento, perda por cocção, composição dos ácidos graxos e quantidade de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico após um e cinco meses de congelamento. Observou-se efeito de desvio da linearidade para luminosidade (L*; P=0.0042) e para o croma amarelo (b*; P=0.0082). A administração intramuscular de 10 e 20 UI de alfa-tocoferol/kg de peso metabólico não influenciou a conservação de ácidos graxos das carcaças, mas melhorou os valores de L* e b*.

Influence of the Addition of Vitamin E in Extenders in the Quality of Fresh Semen Diluted, Refrigerated and Frozen Semen in Dogs of French Bulldog Breed

Background: Researches have been conducted in order to maintain the quality of the fresh semen which is diluted, refrigerated or frozen in liquid nitrogen for artificial insemination purposes in dogs. The semen biotechnology cooperates with the development of new formulations of types of extenders which minimize the death of the sperms due to thermal stress during temperature reduction of the refrigeration and freezing curves of the semen. The objective was to study the influence of the addition of vitamin E in types of extenders in the quality of the fresh, refrigerated and frozen semen in dogs of French Bulldog breed.Materials, Methods & Results: Semen samples by digital manipulation were performed on 5 adult dogs, French bulldog breed, five on each dog, totaling 25 ejaculated. The characteristics evaluated in fresh semen were: Volume (mL), color, aspect, concentration (x106/mL), sperm motility (%), vigor (1-5) and sperm morphology (%). For refrigerated and frozen semen, motility (%), vigor (1-5) and morphology (%) were analyzed. The ejaculated ones were fractionated in 4 equal parts and diluted in the ratio 1: 1 in the following extenders: 1 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid + 200 mM of vitamin E; 2 TRIS - Fructose Citric acid; 3 - coconut water (ACP-106®) + 200 mM of vitamin E; and 4 coconut water (ACP-106®). The four aliquots of semen, diluted in the four respective ex