Osteopatia craniomandibular em pastor alemão ­ Relato de caso / Craniomandibular osteopathy in a german shepherd ­ Case report / Osteopatía craneomandibular en un pastor alemán ­ Reporte de caso

A Osteopatia craniomandibular (OCM) é uma doença rara, autolimitante que acomete animais jovens, entre três a oito meses e não tem caráter neoplásico. É caracterizada pela proliferação óssea que atinge os ossos da mandíbula, mas também pode envolver outras estruturas como articulação temporomandibular, ossos do crânio e ossos longos, causando dor e desconforto. Foi atendido um cão, fêmea com quatro meses de idade com algia mandibular antes e após ter sofrido queda de altura. Com os exames foram observadas alterações condizentes com OCM. Diante do caso, foi estabelecido tratamento analgésico e acompanhamento com exames de imagem e exames de sangue. O animal teve boa resposta ao tratamento e não necessitou de outras intervenções.(AU)

Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is a rare, non-neoplastic self-limiting disease, that affects young animals, aged between three to eight months.It is characterized by bone proliferation that reaches the jaw bones, but it can also involve other structures such as temporomandibular joint, skull and long bones, causing pain and discomfort. A four-month-old female dog was treated with mandibular pain before and after having suffered a fall from height. With the exams, alterations consistent with CMO were observed.The treatment was set by usinganalgesicand the follow-up with imaging and blood tests were established. The animal had a good response to the treatment and did not need other interventions.(AU)

La Osteopatía Craneomandibular (OMC) es una enfermedad rara, autolimitada, que afecta a animales jóvenes, con edades comprendidas entre los tres y los ocho meses y no es neoplásica. Se caracteriza por una proliferación ósea que alcanza los huesos de la mandíbula, pero también puede comprometer otras estructuras como la articulación temporomandibular, los huesos del cráneo y los huesos largos, causando dolor y molestias. Una perra de cuatro meses de edad fue atendida por dolor mandibular antes y después de haber sufrido una caída desde una altura. Con los exámenes se observaron alteraciones compatibles con OCM. Ante el caso se instauró tratamiento analgésico y seguimiento con estudios de imagen y hemograma. El animal respondió bien al tratamiento y no necesitó de otras intervenciones.(AU)

Effects of broiler breeder age on immune system development of progeny

The objective of this study was to determine the effects that breeder age has on digestive and immune system development; the transfer of immunoglobulins to egg yolk, yolk sac, and neonate chicks; and the immune response of chicks up to 35 days old. Three ages (32, 42, and 52 weeks) of Hubbard breeders were studied with ages as treatments. A total of 425 eggs were weighed for each of the three treatments and incubated. After hatching, a total of 300 1-day-old chicks were used in each treatment. We studied the development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system of progeny and IgY transfer from breeder to progeny. Chicks from 52-week-old breeders had greater gastrointestinal tract growth up to seven days of life and greater body weight at 14 days. Older breeders (52 weeks) had higher amounts of IgY in serum and egg yolk. Chicks from the youngest breeders (32-weeks-old) had a better immune response at two weeks post-vaccination. It can be concluded that the older breeders have a greater capacity to immunize progeny up to 14 days. Strategies can be developed to increase IgY in the serum of young breeders and, consequently, increase the innate immunity of the newly-hatched chicks.(AU)

Tourinhos genômicos: o que são e sua importância para a produção animal / Genomic young bulls: what are them and their importance to livestock production

Neste texto são abordados dados sobre o rebanho pecuário brasileiro, sobre conceitos básicos de genômica, resultados da aplicação da genômica na área e novos projetos em andamento ligados à fertilidade de machos, com auxílio da genômica.(AU)

This text discusses data on the Brazilian results of the application of genomics in the area and new projects in progress related to male fertility, with the help of genomics.(AU)

Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist

Abstract Culicivora caudacuta occurs in the Cerrado, Pampa and Chaco grasslands of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. Its breeding biology is poorly known. Here, I present a summary of the published information and new data gathered between 2003 and 2009 in southeast Brazil at Tapira, Minas Gerais. Breeding occurred during the rainy season (October to March), clutch size being three eggs. Juveniles and immatures show a different plumage from the adults, mostly brownish orange. All nests studied at Tapira showed evidence of cooperative breeding, with one helper engaged in incubation and provisioning the young. This is the first observations of this behavior for the species. The species has a wider range than currently understood and its presence in protected areas is similarly more common.

Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist

Abstract Culicivora caudacuta occurs in the Cerrado, Pampa and Chaco grasslands of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. Its breeding biology is poorly known. Here, I present a summary of the published information and new data gathered between 2003 and 2009 in southeast Brazil at Tapira, Minas Gerais. Breeding occurred during the rainy season (October to March), clutch size being three eggs. Juveniles and immatures show a different plumage from the adults, mostly brownish orange. All nests studied at Tapira showed evidence of cooperative breeding, with one helper engaged in incubation and provisioning the young. This is the first observations of this behavior for the species. The species has a wider range than currently understood and its presence in protected areas is similarly more common.

Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist

Culicivora caudacuta occurs in the Cerrado, Pampa and Chaco grasslands of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. Its breeding biology is poorly known. Here, I present a summary of the published information and new data gathered between 2003 and 2009 in southeast Brazil at Tapira, Minas Gerais. Breeding occurred during the rainy season (October to March), clutch size being three eggs. Juveniles and immatures show a different plumage from the adults, mostly brownish orange. All nests studied at Tapira showed evidence of cooperative breeding, with one helper engaged in incubation and provisioning the young. This is the first observations of this behavior for the species. The species has a wider range than currently understood and its presence in protected areas is similarly more common.(AU)

Reproductive biology and recruitment of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Perciformes: Pomatomidae) in the southwestern Atlantic

The bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneus 1766) is captured by industrial, artisanal, and recreational fisheries throughout its distribution range. The reproductive biology of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic was studied using 1,102 specimens captured by the Brazilian commercial fleet between March 2014 and December 2015. The recruitment period was identified from records of juveniles in experimental beach seine hauls carried out on sandy beaches in the external sector of Guanabara Bay for four years (2012-2015). Based on the reproductive indices and on the macro- and microscopic analyses of the gonads, spawning peaks were identified in autumn and spring. The size at first maturity was estimated at 35.5, 38.3, and 37.4 cm for females, males, and general, respectively. Ovary analyses and measurements of the oocyte diameters indicated that bluefish are multiple spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. The batch fecundity estimate was 202,752.5 eggs and ranged from 9,800.9 to 426,787.0 eggs. The species reproduces throughout the entire study area, but it is more active in the south of Arraial do Cabo. The young-of-the-year were recorded on shallow water in all seasons, with modal peaks in the summer months. The parameters estimated in this study expand and update information on this species, providing important data for the evaluation and fisheries management of the stock of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic.

Reproductive biology and recruitment of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Perciformes: Pomatomidae) in the southwestern Atlantic

ABSTRACT The bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneus 1766) is captured by industrial, artisanal, and recreational fisheries throughout its distribution range. The reproductive biology of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic was studied using 1,102 specimens captured by the Brazilian commercial fleet between March 2014 and December 2015. The recruitment period was identified from records of juveniles in experimental beach seine hauls carried out on sandy beaches in the external sector of Guanabara Bay for four years (2012-2015). Based on the reproductive indices and on the macro- and microscopic analyses of the gonads, spawning peaks were identified in autumn and spring. The size at first maturity was estimated at 35.5, 38.3, and 37.4 cm for females, males, and general, respectively. Ovary analyses and measurements of the oocyte diameters indicated that bluefish are multiple spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. The batch fecundity estimate was 202,752.5 eggs and ranged from 9,800.9 to 426,787.0 eggs. The species reproduces throughout the entire study area, but it is more active in the south of Arraial do Cabo. The young-of-the-year were recorded on shallow water in all seasons, with modal peaks in the summer months. The parameters estimated in this study expand and update information on this species, providing important data for the evaluation and fisheries management of the stock of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic.

Reproductive biology and recruitment of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Perciformes: Pomatomidae) in the southwestern Atlantic

The bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneus 1766) is captured by industrial, artisanal, and recreational fisheries throughout its distribution range. The reproductive biology of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic was studied using 1,102 specimens captured by the Brazilian commercial fleet between March 2014 and December 2015. The recruitment period was identified from records of juveniles in experimental beach seine hauls carried out on sandy beaches in the external sector of Guanabara Bay for four years (2012-2015). Based on the reproductive indices and on the macro- and microscopic analyses of the gonads, spawning peaks were identified in autumn and spring. The size at first maturity was estimated at 35.5, 38.3, and 37.4 cm for females, males, and general, respectively. Ovary analyses and measurements of the oocyte diameters indicated that bluefish are multiple spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. The batch fecundity estimate was 202,752.5 eggs and ranged from 9,800.9 to 426,787.0 eggs. The species reproduces throughout the entire study area, but it is more active in the south of Arraial do Cabo. The young-of-the-year were recorded on shallow water in all seasons, with modal peaks in the summer months. The parameters estimated in this study expand and update information on this species, providing important data for the evaluation and fisheries management of the stock of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic.(AU)

Meat quality of cattle subjected to period of aging process: a cross-heifer study / Qualidade da carne de bovinos submetida ao processo de maturação: estudo com novilhas cruzadas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging on meat quality of crossbred heifers. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of carcasses and meat of 148 crossbred heifers with an average age of 13 months and 407.5 ± 29.22 kg body weight at slaughter were performed. After cooling for 24 h, the carcasses were evaluated for hot carcass weight, pH, conformation, physiological maturity, finishing, fat distribution, and length. Characteristics, such as pH, color, marbling, exudation, as well as cooking losses, percentage of ether extract, and shear force were evaluated in meat at time zero and after seven days of aging. The carcasses displayed satisfactory results for parameters such as pH at 24 h of cooling (pH24), finishing, distribution of fat, and subcutaneous fat thickness (5.58, 3.27, 2.40, and 6.62 mm, respectively). The meat had a low marbling score (5.08) and percentage of ether extract (1.71), indicating that the meat was relatively lean. Exudation and cooking losses showed similar results at zero and seven days of aging. The meat subjected to seven days of aging showed higher lightness and hue (40.98 and 0.77, respectively) and tenderness of 5.25 kg. These results indicated that aging affected meat color and shear force parameters; the meat of cross-heifers was softer but less red after maturation.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da maturação na qualidade da carne de novilhas mestiças. Foram realizadas avalações quali-quantitativas de carcaças e carne de 148 novilhas mestiças com idade média de 13 meses e 407,5 ± 29,22 kg de peso corporal ao abate. Após resfriamento por 24 horas, as carcaças foram avaliadas quanto ao peso da carcaça quente, pH, conformação, maturidade fisiológica, acabamento, distribuição de gordura e comprimento. Características como pH, cor, marmoreio, perdas por exsudação, assim como perdas por cocção, porcentagem de extrato etéreo e força de cisalhamento foram avaliadas na carne no tempo zero e após sete dias de maturação. As carcaças apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para parâmetros com pH em 24 horas de resfriamento (pH24), acabamento, distribuição de gordura e espessura de gordura subcutânea (5,58, 3,27, 2,40 e 6,62 mm, respectivamente). A carne apresentou baixo índice de marmoreio (5,08) e porcentagem de extrato etéreo (1,71), indicando que a carne era relativamente magra. As perdas por exsudação e cozimento apresentaram resultados semelhantes aos zero e sete dias de maturação. A carne submetida a sete dias de maturação apresentou maior luminosidade e hue (40,98 e 0,77, respectivamente) e maciez de 5,25 kg. Esses resultados indicaram que a maturação afetou os parâmetros de cor da carne e a força de cisalhamento; a carne das novilhas cruzadas ficou mais macia, mas menos vermelha após a maturação.(AU)

Principal component analysis on fatty acid composition of the meat deriving from calves, young bull and bull of Maremmana breed slaughtered at different age / Análise de componentes principais na composição de ácidos graxos da carne provenientes de vitelos, novilhos e touros da raça Maremmana abatidos em idades diferentes

This study evaluated the performance at slaughtering of calves; young bull and bull of Maremmana breed, and compared, through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on fatty acid composition, the characteristics of the resulting meat categories: veal, young bull meat and bull meat. The Maremmana cattle is a local endangered breed deriving from Tuscany and Latium. The animals of this study were raised under same conditions in pasture with hay and concentrate supplementations. Eighteen calves of 12-14 months, 27 young bulls of 18 months and 14 bulls of 20-24 months were slaughtered in this trial. The performances at slaughtering were considered, and on the meat samples, the chemical analysis and the fatty acid composition were carried out. Results were submitted to ANOVA and PCA, and a Heat map that considered the fatty acid distances among meat typologies was built. Slaughtering performances were better in young bulls and bulls. Chemical composition didnt differ among meat categories. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were similar among meats, but Monounsaturated (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lower in veal. Desirable fatty acids and Healthy Indices were better in veal. The results of PCA and Heat map confirmed that veal was quite different from other meats. Maremmana meat deriving from animals of different age has shown overall good characteristics, suitable for the diet of western country population.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho no abate de bezerros, novilhos e touros da raça Maremmana, e comparar, por meio de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), a composição de ácidos graxos e as características da carne das diferentes categorias: bezerro, novilho e touro. Os animais deste estudo foram criados nas mesmas condições em pastagem com suplementação de feno e concentrado. Foram utilizados 18 vitelos abatidos aos 12-14 meses, 27 novilhos abatidos aos 18 meses e 14 touros abatidos aos 20-24 meses. Sucessivamente foi analisado o desempenho ao abate e as características nutricionais e físico-químicas do Musculus longissimus dorsi. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância. Os parâmetros de abate foram melhores em novilhos e touros. A idade ao abate não afetou as características químicas da carne. Não houve diferença em relação à porcentagem de ácidos graxos saturados (SFA), mas a carne de vitela apresentou menor teor de monoinsaturados (MUFA) e poliinsaturados (PUFA). Os ácidos graxos desejáveis e os índices de saúde foram melhores na carne de vitela. A composição de ácidos graxos foi utilizada também, na análise multivariada dos componentes principais e no mapa de calor, como variável discriminatória para os três categorias de carne; essas análises confirmaram que o produto cárneo de vitela é diferente de outros tipos. A carne de Maremmana proveniente de animais de diferentes faixas etárias mostrou boas características gerais, adequadas para a dieta da população do país ocidental.(AU)

Slaughter body weights of Jersey young bulls finished on feedlot

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of slaughter body weight (SW) on the performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Jersey bulls in feedlots from weaning to slaughter. Eighteen Jersey bulls (125.7±15.9 kg; 5±0.6 months old) were used in the study. The treatments corresponded to three slaughter-weights: L360 ­ light weight, SW of 360 kg, M390 ­ medium weight, SW of 390 kg, and H420 ­ heavy weight, SW of 420 kg (n = 6/treatment); the animals were slaughtered at 368, 392, and 422 kg, respectively. The average daily gain was not influenced by SW. The M390 and H420 groups remained in feedlot, on average, 6 and 51 d longer, respectively, to reach a similar SW in relation to the L360 group. The increase in SW did not influence dry matter intake. However, the L360 group exhibited greater dry matter intake relative to body weight compared with the other two groups (29 vs. 26 g/kg). The increase in SW resulted in heavier and longer carcasses, with higher hot carcass yields. However, animals with greater SW had lower fat thickness. In addition, the increase in SW led to greater pistol cut, bone, and muscle weight for the carcasses. Although the meat color of Jersey bulls was darker in the H420 group, the meat was considered softer and more palatable by the consumer panel compared with the meat from the L360 group. The L360 group exhibited less fluid loss during thawing and cooking. Shear force measured by Warner Blatzer Shear was lower for H420. Animals slaughtered in the L390 group had an intermediate carcass weight, similar carcass yield, better cover fat and meat quality (color and shear) than animals slaughtered in the H420. Combining these factors with a shorter feedlot time compared with that of heavier animals, the SW of feedlot Jersey bulls is recommended at 390 kg.(AU)

Histiocitoma cutâneo canino: relato de caso / Canine cutaneous histiocytoma: case report

O histiocitoma cutâneo canino é um tumor benigno de células redondas, sendo uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais comuns visto em cães jovens. Este trabalho, tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de um canino jovem diagnosticado com histiocitoma. Após um exame clínico inicial o animal foi encaminhado para o exame de citologia aspirativa por agulha fina, o qual evidenciou alterações características de um histiocitoma. A causa etiológica é de origem desconhecida. Não foi realizado procedimento cirúrgico para exérese do tumor, e sim, instituído tratamento conservador, havendo remissão total do tumor após duas semanas.

Canine cutaneus histiocytoma is a benign round cell tumor, being one of the most common cutaneous neoplasms seen in young dogs. This paper aims to report a case of a canine diagnosed with histiocytoma. After an initial clinical examination the animal was referred to the fine needle aspiration cytology, which showed characteristics changes of a histiocytoma. The etiological cause is of unknown origin. No surgical procedure was performed for tumor excision, but conservative treatment was institued with total tumor remission after two weeks.

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de um surto de miopatia nutricional em potros ˗ relato de caso / [Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of an outbreak of nutritional myopathy in young horses ˗ case report]

A miopatia nutricional é uma doença degenerativa que pode afetar os músculos esqueléticos e cardíaco, causada pela deficiência dietética de selênio e/ou vitamina E. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em dois potros Puro Sangue Inglês, criados de forma extensiva, com baixa disponibilidade de forragem e sem suplementação mineral. De um lote de nove animais de diferentes idades (cinco éguas adultas, uma potra lactente de três meses,uma mula e dois potros de 16 e 17 meses), apenas os dois últimos foram afetados. Clinicamente, havia decúbito lateral ou esternal, taquicardia, taquipneia, desidratação e dor à palpação muscular na região dos glúteos.O diagnóstico presuntivo de miopatia nutricional foi realizado por meio da associação dos sinais clínicos aos dados epidemiológicos.O animal 1 foi eutanasiado cinco dias após o atendimento devido à piora gradativa do quadro, e o animal 2 recuperou-se com o tratamento adotado. O diagnóstico foi confirmado com base nos exames complementares, nos achados de necropsia e na dosagem da concentração hepática de selênio. Este relato de caso alerta para o risco da ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em equinos, sobretudo jovens, sem acesso a pastagens ou feno de boa qualidade e sem suplementação mineral adequada.(AU)

Nutritional myopathy is a degenerative disease caused by the dietary deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E that can affect skeletal and cardiac muscles. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of nutritional myopathy in two Thoroughbred young horses, raised in pastures with low forage availability and no mineral supplementation. From a herd of nine animals of different ages (five adult mares, one three-month-old nursing foal, one mule and two 16- and 17-month-old horses), only the last two were affected. Clinical signs were lateral or sternal recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, dehydration and muscle pain. Presumptive diagnosis of nutritional myopathy was made associating clinical signs and epidemiological data. Animal 1 was euthanized five days after the first evaluation due to clinical signs gets worse, and animal 2 recovered with the established treatment. Diagnosis was confirmed with complementary exams, necropsy findings and levels of hepatic selenium. This paper alerts to the risk of nutritional myopathy occurrence in horses, mainly young animals, which are not ingesting good quality hay or green forage and do not receive appropriate mineral supplementation.(AU)

Histiocitoma cutâneo canino: relato de caso / Canine cutaneous histiocytoma: case report

O histiocitoma cutâneo canino é um tumor benigno de células redondas, sendo uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais comuns visto em cães jovens. Este trabalho, tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de um canino jovem diagnosticado com histiocitoma. Após um exame clínico inicial o animal foi encaminhado para o exame de citologia aspirativa por agulha fina, o qual evidenciou alterações características de um histiocitoma. A causa etiológica é de origem desconhecida. Não foi realizado procedimento cirúrgico para exérese do tumor, e sim, instituído tratamento conservador, havendo remissão total do tumor após duas semanas.(AU)

Canine cutaneus histiocytoma is a benign round cell tumor, being one of the most common cutaneous neoplasms seen in young dogs. This paper aims to report a case of a canine diagnosed with histiocytoma. After an initial clinical examination the animal was referred to the fine needle aspiration cytology, which showed characteristics changes of a histiocytoma. The etiological cause is of unknown origin. No surgical procedure was performed for tumor excision, but conservative treatment was institued with total tumor remission after two weeks.(AU)

Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos de um surto de miopatia nutricional em potros - relato de caso / [Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of an outbreak of nutritional myopathy in young horses - case report]

A miopatia nutricional é uma doença degenerativa que pode afetar os músculos esqueléticos e cardíaco, causada pela deficiência dietética de selênio e/ou vitamina E. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em dois potros Puro Sangue Inglês, criados de forma extensiva, com baixa disponibilidade de forragem e sem suplementação mineral. De um lote de nove animais de diferentes idades (cinco éguas adultas, uma potra lactente de três meses,uma mula e dois potros de 16 e 17 meses), apenas os dois últimos foram afetados. Clinicamente, havia decúbito lateral ou esternal, taquicardia, taquipneia, desidratação e dor à palpação muscular na região dos glúteos.O diagnóstico presuntivo de miopatia nutricional foi realizado por meio da associação dos sinais clínicos aos dados epidemiológicos.O animal 1 foi eutanasiado cinco dias após o atendimento devido à piora gradativa do quadro, e o animal 2 recuperou-se com o tratamento adotado. O diagnóstico foi confirmado com base nos exames complementares, nos achados de necropsia e na dosagem da concentração hepática de selênio. Este relato de caso alerta para o risco da ocorrência de miopatia nutricional em equinos, sobretudo jovens, sem acesso a pastagens ou feno de boa qualidade e sem suplementação mineral adequada.(AU)

Nutritional myopathy is a degenerative disease caused by the dietary deficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E that can affect skeletal and cardiac muscles. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of nutritional myopathy in two Thoroughbred young horses, raised in pastures with low forage availability and no mineral supplementation. From a herd of nine animals of different ages (five adult mares, one three-month-old nursing foal, one mule and two 16- and 17-month-old horses), only the last two were affected. Clinical signs were lateral or sternal recumbency, tachycardia, tachypnea, dehydration and muscle pain. Presumptive diagnosis of nutritional myopathy was made associating clinical signs and epidemiological data. Animal 1 was euthanized five days after the first evaluation due to clinical signs gets worse, and animal 2 recovered with the established treatment. Diagnosis was confirmed with complementary exams, necropsy findings and levels of hepatic selenium. This paper alerts to the risk of nutritional myopathy occurrence in horses, mainly young animals, which are not ingesting good quality hay or green forage and do not receive appropriate mineral supplementation.(AU)

Influência da idade na ultrassonografia renal de cães e gatos: o que se sabe / Age influence on renal ultrasonography of dogs and cats: what is known / Influencia de la edad em la ultrasonografía renal de perros y gatos: lo que se sabe

Para o correto diagnóstico clínico de doença renal, é importante que se conheça o aspecto normal do órgão e sistemas, incluindo como o amadurecimento, crescimento e envelhecimento podem influenciar os parâmetros nos exames diagnósticos. O rim é um órgão de extrema importância para a manutenção da homeostase corporal, e o comprometimento de sua função pode resultar em desequilíbrios, predispondo a morte. Deste modo torna-se primordial a detecção precoce de lesões renais, sendo o exame ultrassonográfico rotineiramente usado para sua avaliação. Nos mamíferos os rins são considerados imaturos ao nascimento, passando por um gradativo processo de amadurecimento e, com o envelhecimento o rim é submetido a um progressivo processo degenerativo. Ambos os processos resultam em alterações ultrassonográficas morfológicas, dimensionais e vasculares que não são consideradas patológicas, sendo um assunto bem estudado na medicina humana. Em humanos é relatada a presença de diferenças ultrassonográficas significativas entre os rins de neonatos, crianças, adultos e idosos. Na medicina veterinária existem poucos estudos que demonstrem a influência da idade sobre o aspecto ultrassonográfico renal, sendo a maioria destes estudos direcionados para a diferença dos valores hemodinâmicos renais entre cães jovens e adultos, mas não entre cães adultos e idosos ou entre diferentes faixas etárias de gatos. Ademais, as diferenças bidimensionais e morfométricas relacionadas à idade são ainda pouco estudadas, tanto nos cães quanto nos gatos. Embora a influência da idade sobre a ultrassonografia renal seja bem evidente em humanos, existe ainda um déficit de estudos em cães e gatos.

For a correct diagnosis of renal diseases, it is important to know the normal appearance of organs and systems, including how maturation, growth and aging can influence the parameters in diagnostic tests. The kidney is an extremely important organ for the maintenance of body homeostasis, and impairment of its function may result in imbalances, predisposing in death. Thus, early detection of renal lesions is relevant, and ultrasound examination is routinely used for renal evaluation. In mammals the kidneys are considered immature at birth, undergoing a gradual process of maturation and, with aging, the kidney undergoes a progressive degenerative process. Both processes result in morphological, dimensional and vascular ultrasound changes that are not considered pathological. This topic is well-studied in human medicine, with the presence of significant sonographic differences between the kidneys of neonates, children, adults and the elderly. In veterinary medicine there are few studies about the influence of age on the renal ultrasound, and most of these studies focuses on the difference of renal hemodynamic values between young and adult dogs, but not between adult and elderly dogs or between different age groups in cats. Moreover, age-related two-dimensional and morphometric differences are still poorly studied in both dogs and cats. Although the influence of age on renal ultrasound is quite evident in humans, there is still a lack of studies in dogs in cats.

Para el diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad renal, es importante conocer la apariencia normal de los órganos y sistemas, incluida la forma en que la maduración, el crecimiento y el envejecimiento pueden influir en los parámetros de las pruebas de diagnóstico. El riñón es un órgano extremadamente importante para el mantenimiento dela homeostasis del cuerpo, y el deterioro de su función puede provocar desequilibrios y predisponer a la muerte. Por lo tanto, la detección temprana de las lesiones renales es primordial, y el examen de ultrasonido se usa de forma rutinaria para la evaluación renal. En los mamíferos, los riñones se consideran inmaduros al nacer, passado por un proceso gradual de maduración y, con el envejecimiento, el riñón sufre un proceso degenerativo progresivo. Ambos procesos dan como resultado alteraciones morfológicas, dimensionales y vasculares del ultrasonido que no se consideran patológicas, siendo un tema bien estudiado en medicina humana. En humanos, se informa la presencia de diferencias sonográficas significativas entre los riñones de los recién nacidos, niños, adultos y ancianos. En medicina veterinaria hay pocos estudios que demuestren la influencia de la edad en el aspecto de la ecografía renal, la mayoría de estos estudios abordan la diferencia en los valores hemodinámicos renales entre perros jóvenes y adultos, pero no entre perros adultos y ancianos o entre diferentes grupos de edad gatos. Además, las diferencias bidimensionales y morfométricas relacionadas con la edad aún se estudian poco en perros y gatos. Aunque la influencia de la edad en la ecografía renal es bastante evidente en humanos, todavía faltan estudios en perros en gatos.

Evolution of slaughter precocity in male beef cattle in the Carne Pampa programme / Evolução da precocidade de abate de bovinos de corte machos no programa Carne pampa

The aim of this study was to analyse precocity behaviour over nine years in Hereford steers and their crosses, slaughtered with from zero to six teeth. Approximately 144,000 certified carcases in the Carne Pampa programme were analysed between 2010 and 2018. The increase in cold carcase weight per year was evaluated for three periods of the year: the hot season was defined as 26 December to 25 May, the autumn void was defined as 26 May to 25 July, and the cold season from 26 July to 25 December. To assess the behaviour of cold carcase weight over the years per season, the data were submitted to simple linear regression analysis. The average weights per season were compared by the mean value comparison test. The cold season had the highest mean carcase weight, with 239.1 kg, showing an annual increase of 6.45 kg. Analysing the behaviour of mean carcase weight by dentition, animals with zero teeth showed a greater weight increase over the years during the cold season as well as during the autumn void; during the hot season, animals slaughtered with two teeth showed the greater increase in weight. The category that showed the least increase in weight for all three seasons were animals slaughtered with six teeth. It was concluded that over the nine years, there was an increase in slaughter precocity in male cattle certified in the Carne Pampa programme.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento da precocidade ao longo de nove anos de novilhos da raça Hereford e suas cruzas abatidas com dentição de leite até seis dentes. Foram analisadas aproximadamente 144 mil carcaças certificadas no programa Carne Pampa, entre os anos 2010 e 2018. Avaliou-se o incremento no peso de carcaça fria por ano em três épocas do ano: a estação quente foi definida de 26 de dezembro a 25 de maio, o vazio de outono foi definido entre 26 de maio a 25 de julho e a estação fria de 26 de julho a 25 de dezembro. Para avaliar o comportamento dos pesos de carcaça fria ao longo dos anos por estação, os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear simples. Os pesos médios por estação foram comparados por teste de comparação de médias. A época que apresentou maior peso médio de carcaça foi a estação fria, com 239,1 kg, que mostrou um incremento anual de 6,45 kg. Analisando o comportamento do peso médio de carcaça por dentição na estação fria, animais com dentição de leite apresentaram maior incremento de peso ao longo dos anos, na estação quente, animais abatidos com dois dentes apresentaram maior incremento de peso, assim como na estação vazio de outono. A categoria que apresentou menor incremento de peso nas três estações foram os animais abatidos com seis dentes. Concluiu-se que, ao longo dos nove anos, houve aumento na precocidade de abate em bovinos machos certificados no programa Carne Pampa.

Outbreak of avian aspergillosis in colonial-bred chicks (Isa Brown) in southern Rio Grande do Sul - case report / [Surto de aspergilose aviária em pintainhas (Isa Brown) de criação colonial na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul - relato de caso]

In this study we describe the epidemiology, clinical signs, and pathology of an outbreak of avian aspergillosis in alternative breeding in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Between the fifth and tenth day of life, 360 chicks from a flock of 4000 developed unspecific clinical signs and died. The birds were housed in a reused aviary litter, without previous treatment. In 11 six-day-old female ISA Brown chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus), necropsy revealed firm, yellowish-white, multinodular lesions extending from the pleura to the lung parenchyma. Histologically, a granulomatous, multifocal to coalescent pneumonia was observed. Granulomas were characterized by central necrosis, with heterophil and epithelioid macrophage infiltration and presence of countless Y-shaped intralesional septate hyphae morphologically compatible with Aspergillus spp. The diagnosis through isolation confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus. We highlight the importance of aspergillosis as a primary cause of diseases in the respiratory tract of young birds in alternative breeding. Measures to prevent aspergillosis mainly regarding the reuse of aviary litter are essential in poultry husbandry to prevent economic losses, reduce environmental contamination and mitigate the potential risk to public health.(AU)

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos de um surto de aspergilose aviária em criação alternativa na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. De um lote de 4000 pintainhas, entre o quinto e o 10º dia de vida, 360 aves apresentaram sinais clínicos inespecíficos e morreram. As aves foram alojadas em cama reutilizada do aviário, sem tratamento prévio. Na necropsia de 11 pintainhas (Gallus gallus domesticus), fêmeas, seis dias de idade da linhagem Isa Brown, foram observadas no pulmão lesões multinodulares, branco-amareladas e firmes, que se estendiam da pleura ao parênquima. Histologicamente foi observada pneumonia granulomatosa, multifocal a coalescente. Os granulomas eram caracterizados por necrose central, com infiltrado inflamatório de heterófilos, macrófagos, células epitelioides com presença de inúmeras hifas septadas intralesionais, semelhantes à letra "Y", morfologicamente compatíveis com Aspergillus spp. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo isolamento de Aspergillus fumigatus. Alerta-se para a importância da aspergilose como causa primária de afecções no trato respiratório de aves jovens em criações alternativas. Medidas preventivas relacionadas ao manejo dessas aves são indispensáveis principalmente quanto à reutilização da cama dos aviários, a fim de evitar perdas econômicas, reduzir a contaminação ambiental e o potencial risco à saúde pública.(AU)

Influência da idade na ultrassonografia renal de cães e gatos: o que se sabe / Age influence on renal ultrasonography of dogs and cats: what is known / Influencia de la edad em la ultrasonografía renal de perros y gatos: lo que se sabe

Para o correto diagnóstico clínico de doença renal, é importante que se conheça o aspecto normal do órgão e sistemas, incluindo como o amadurecimento, crescimento e envelhecimento podem influenciar os parâmetros nos exames diagnósticos. O rim é um órgão de extrema importância para a manutenção da homeostase corporal, e o comprometimento de sua função pode resultar em desequilíbrios, predispondo a morte. Deste modo torna-se primordial a detecção precoce de lesões renais, sendo o exame ultrassonográfico rotineiramente usado para sua avaliação. Nos mamíferos os rins são considerados imaturos ao nascimento, passando por um gradativo processo de amadurecimento e, com o envelhecimento o rim é submetido a um progressivo processo degenerativo. Ambos os processos resultam em alterações ultrassonográficas morfológicas, dimensionais e vasculares que não são consideradas patológicas, sendo um assunto bem estudado na medicina humana. Em humanos é relatada a presença de diferenças ultrassonográficas significativas entre os rins de neonatos, crianças, adultos e idosos. Na medicina veterinária existem poucos estudos que demonstrem a influência da idade sobre o aspecto ultrassonográfico renal, sendo a maioria destes estudos direcionados para a diferença dos valores hemodinâmicos renais entre cães jovens e adultos, mas não entre cães adultos e idosos ou entre diferentes faixas etárias de gatos. Ademais, as diferenças bidimensionais e morfométricas relacionadas à idade são ainda pouco estudadas, tanto nos cães quanto nos gatos. Embora a influência da idade sobre a ultrassonografia renal seja bem evidente em humanos, existe ainda um déficit de estudos em cães e gatos.(AU)

For a correct diagnosis of renal diseases, it is important to know the normal appearance of organs and systems, including how maturation, growth and aging can influence the parameters in diagnostic tests. The kidney is an extremely important organ for the maintenance of body homeostasis, and impairment of its function may result in imbalances, predisposing in death. Thus, early detection of renal lesions is relevant, and ultrasound examination is routinely used for renal evaluation. In mammals the kidneys are considered immature at birth, undergoing a gradual process of maturation and, with aging, the kidney undergoes a progressive degenerative process. Both processes result in morphological, dimensional and vascular ultrasound changes that are not considered pathological. This topic is well-studied in human medicine, with the presence of significant sonographic differences between the kidneys of neonates, children, adults and the elderly. In veterinary medicine there are few studies about the influence of age on the renal ultrasound, and most of these studies focuses on the difference of renal hemodynamic values between young and adult dogs, but not between adult and elderly dogs or between different age groups in cats. Moreover, age-related two-dimensional and morphometric differences are still poorly studied in both dogs and cats. Although the influence of age on renal ultrasound is quite evident in humans, there is still a lack of studies in dogs in cats.(AU)

Para el diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad renal, es importante conocer la apariencia normal de los órganos y sistemas, incluida la forma en que la maduración, el crecimiento y el envejecimiento pueden influir en los parámetros de las pruebas de diagnóstico. El riñón es un órgano extremadamente importante para el mantenimiento dela homeostasis del cuerpo, y el deterioro de su función puede provocar desequilibrios y predisponer a la muerte. Por lo tanto, la detección temprana de las lesiones renales es primordial, y el examen de ultrasonido se usa de forma rutinaria para la evaluación renal. En los mamíferos, los riñones se consideran inmaduros al nacer, passado por un proceso gradual de maduración y, con el envejecimiento, el riñón sufre un proceso degenerativo progresivo. Ambos procesos dan como resultado alteraciones morfológicas, dimensionales y vasculares del ultrasonido que no se consideran patológicas, siendo un tema bien estudiado en medicina humana. En humanos, se informa la presencia de diferencias sonográficas significativas entre los riñones de los recién nacidos, niños, adultos y ancianos. En medicina veterinaria hay pocos estudios que demuestren la influencia de la edad en el aspecto de la ecografía renal, la mayoría de estos estudios abordan la diferencia en los valores hemodinámicos renales entre perros jóvenes y adultos, pero no entre perros adultos y ancianos o entre diferentes grupos de edad gatos. Además, las diferencias bidimensionales y morfométricas relacionadas con la edad aún se estudian poco en perros y gatos. Aunque la influencia de la edad en la ecografía renal es bastante evidente en humanos, todavía faltan estudios en perros en gatos.(AU)