Effect of fungicide on Fusarium verticillioides mycelial morphology and fumonisin B1 production

The effect of fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M on the mycelial morphology, sporulation and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium verticillioides 103 F was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the fungicide caused inhibition of hyphal growth and defects on hyphae morphology such as cell wall disruption, withered hyphae, and excessive septation. In addition, extracellular material around the hyphae was rarely observed in the presence of fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M. While promoting the reduction of mycelial growth, the fungicide increased sporulation of F. verticillioides compared to the control, and the highest production occurred on the 14th day in the treatments and on the 10th day in the control cultures. Fumonisin B1 production in the culture media containing the fungicide (treatment) was detected from the 7th day incubation, whereas in cultures without fungicide (control) it was detected on the 10th day. The highest fumonisin B1 production occurred on the 14th day, both for the control and for the treatment. Fludioxonil + metalaxyl - M can interfere in F. verticillioides mycelial morphology and sporulation and increase fumonisin B1 levels. These data indicate the importance of understanding the effects of fungicide to minimize the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and fumonisins.(AU)

Prospective analysis of 44 consecutive liver transplants performed at a university hospital

PURPOSE: To analyze the intraoperative and immediate postoperative biochemical parameters of patients submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: Forty four consecutive orthotopic liver transplants performed from October 2009 to December 2010 were analyzed. The patients (38 male and eight female) were divided into two groups: group A, survivors, and group B, non-survivors. Fifty percent of group A patients were Chid-Pugh C, 40% Chid-Pugh B and 10% Chid-Pugh A. In group B, 52% of the patients were Chid-Pugh C, 41% Chid-Pugh B, and 17% Chid-Pugh A. All orthotopic liver transplants were performed by the piggy-back technique without a portacaval shunt in an anhepatic phase. ALT, AST, LDH and lactate levels were determined preoperatively, at five, 60 minutes after arterial revascularization of the graft and 24 and 48 hours after the end of the surgery.( or: after the surgery was finished). RESULTS: There were no preoperative clinical differences (Child and Meld) between the two groups. The times of warm and hypothermal ischemia were similar for both groups (p>0.05). Serum aminotransferases levels at five and 60 minutes after arterial revascularization of the graft were similar (p>0.05) for both groups, as also were lactate levels at the time points studied. There was no significant difference in Δ lactate between groups at any time point studied (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed between groups during the first 24 and 48 hours after surgery (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: No significant difference in any of the parameters studied was observed between groups. Under the conditions of the present study and considering the parameters evaluated, no direct relationship was detected between the intraoperative situation and the type of evolution of the patients of the two groups studied.(AU)

Avaliação dos perfis metabolômicos, proteômicos, vias de proliferação e morte celular do saco vitelino de embriões bovinos / Evaluation of metabolomic, proteomic profiles, proliferation and cell death pathways of the yolk sac in bovine embryos

O saco vitelino esta presente em todas as espécies de vertebrados e desempenha importantes funções no desenvolvimento do embrião até a fase de placentação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o funcionamento do saco vitelino de embriões bovinos atentando para os aspectos morfológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares e suas relações ultraestruturais, bioquímicas e moleculares. Foram avaliados 69 amostras de SVEB distribuídos da seguinte forma: Grupo I (23-27), Grupo II (28-32), Grupo III (33-37), Grupo IV (38-42), Grupo V (43-47) e Grupo VI (48-52) dais de gestação. Os resultados inferem que o saco vitelino de embriões bovinos apresenta atividade proliferativa durante os primeiros dois grupos analisados, a presença de apoptose e necrose foram encontrados nos grupos restantes. A presença de importantes metabolitos como a alanina, mio-inositol, taurina, colina, glicerofosfocolina, cadaverina, glutamato, glutamina, lactato, hidrouracila, creatina, creatinina, aspartato e lisina; e proteínas como filamentos de actina ou tubulina do citoesqueleto, histona, sub unidades da hemoglobina, HSP-β1, proteína ribossomal, marcadores da matrix extracelular vimentina, alfafetoproteina e transferrina. Estas proteínas estão relacionadas diretamente com a formação de metabólitos secundários e foram encontradas durante todos os períodos estudados, com exceção da alanina que foi identificada somente no grupo I, ativando diversas proteínas e metabolitos, que estão envolvidos em vias de sinalização que promovem a ativação dos mecanismos de morte celular programada e na diferenciação celular, as quais iniciam as etapas da involução do saco vitelino e de outras estruturas no embrião, e assim dar inicio à placentação.

The yolk sac is present in all vertebrate species, and plays important roles in the developing embryo until the arrival of the placenta. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functioning of the yolk sac of bovine embryos and how the morphological, biochemical and molecular related, one ultrastructural analysis, biochemical and molecular analysis was performed. For these purpose we evaluated 69 samples of YSBE distributed as follows: Group I (23- 27), Group II (28-32), Group III (33-37), Group IV (38-42), Group V (43-47) and Group VI (48-52) days of pregnancy. The results infer that the yolk sac of bovine embryos has proliferative activity during the first two groups analyzed, the presence of apoptosis and necrosis were found in the remaining groups. The presence of major metabolites such as alanine, myo-inositol, taurine, choline, glicerofosfocolina, cadaverine, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, hydrouracile, creatine, creatinine, aspartate and lysine, proteins such as tubulin and actin cytoskeleton, histone, subunits of hemoglobin, HSP-β1, ribosomal protein, vimentin, markers of extracellular matrix, alpha-1-fetoprotein and transferrin. These proteins are related to the metabolites and were found throughout the study period, with the exception of alanine which was found in Group I, activating many proteins and metabolites that are involved in signaling pathways that trigger cell death mechanisms that originated the involution of the yolk sac, and thus give way to the beginning of placentation.

Avaliação dos perfis metabolômicos, proteômicos, vias de proliferação e morte celular do saco vitelino de embriões bovinos / Evaluation of metabolomic, proteomic profiles, proliferation and cell death pathways of the yolk sac in bovine embryos

O saco vitelino esta presente em todas as espécies de vertebrados e desempenha importantes funções no desenvolvimento do embrião até a fase de placentação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o funcionamento do saco vitelino de embriões bovinos atentando para os aspectos morfológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares e suas relações ultraestruturais, bioquímicas e moleculares. Foram avaliados 69 amostras de SVEB distribuídos da seguinte forma: Grupo I (23-27), Grupo II (28-32), Grupo III (33-37), Grupo IV (38-42), Grupo V (43-47) e Grupo VI (48-52) dais de gestação. Os resultados inferem que o saco vitelino de embriões bovinos apresenta atividade proliferativa durante os primeiros dois grupos analisados, a presença de apoptose e necrose foram encontrados nos grupos restantes. A presença de importantes metabolitos como a alanina, mio-inositol, taurina, colina, glicerofosfocolina, cadaverina, glutamato, glutamina, lactato, hidrouracila, creatina, creatinina, aspartato e lisina; e proteínas como filamentos de actina ou tubulina do citoesqueleto, histona, sub unidades da hemoglobina, HSP-β1, proteína ribossomal, marcadores da matrix extracelular vimentina, alfafetoproteina e transferrina. Estas proteínas estão relacionadas diretamente com a formação de metabólitos secundários e foram encontradas durante todos os períodos estudados, com exceção da alanina que foi identificada somente no grupo I, ativando diversas proteínas e metabolitos, que estão envolvidos em vias de sinalização que promovem a ativação dos mecanismos de morte celular programada e na diferenciação celular, as quais iniciam as etapas da involução do saco vitelino e de outras estruturas no embrião, e assim dar inicio à placentação. (AU)

The yolk sac is present in all vertebrate species, and plays important roles in the developing embryo until the arrival of the placenta. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functioning of the yolk sac of bovine embryos and how the morphological, biochemical and molecular related, one ultrastructural analysis, biochemical and molecular analysis was performed. For these purpose we evaluated 69 samples of YSBE distributed as follows: Group I (23- 27), Group II (28-32), Group III (33-37), Group IV (38-42), Group V (43-47) and Group VI (48-52) days of pregnancy. The results infer that the yolk sac of bovine embryos has proliferative activity during the first two groups analyzed, the presence of apoptosis and necrosis were found in the remaining groups. The presence of major metabolites such as alanine, myo-inositol, taurine, choline, glicerofosfocolina, cadaverine, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, hydrouracile, creatine, creatinine, aspartate and lysine, proteins such as tubulin and actin cytoskeleton, histone, subunits of hemoglobin, HSP-β1, ribosomal protein, vimentin, markers of extracellular matrix, alpha-1-fetoprotein and transferrin. These proteins are related to the metabolites and were found throughout the study period, with the exception of alanine which was found in Group I, activating many proteins and metabolites that are involved in signaling pathways that trigger cell death mechanisms that originated the involution of the yolk sac, and thus give way to the beginning of placentation. (AU)