Produtos naturais para cicatrização de feridas em equinos: uma revisão integrativa / Natural products for wounds in equines: Integrative review

Os equinos são animais curiosos e de comportamento ativo. Eles não demonstram dor ou lesões com facilidade por serem considerados presas na natureza. Esses fatores propiciam o aparecimento e o desenvolvimento de lesões cutâneas, principalmente na região dos membros distais. As abordagens terapêuticas convencionais para o tratamento dessas lesões são feitas por meio de soluções antissépticas, corticoides e antibióticos. Entretanto, essas soluções podem causar prejuízos à cicatrização, se usadas de forma indevida, ou efeitos adversos ao animal. Uma forma alternativa para o tratamento de ferimentos cutâneos é o uso de fitoterápicos e outros produtos naturais, que são viáveis por terem um custo inferior e serem de fácil acesso. Dessa forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho, compreender o uso de produtos naturais na cicatrização de ferimentos em equinos, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, abordando os seguintes bioprodutos: Açúcar, Aloe vera, Barbatimão e Calêndula. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa acadêmica nas bases de pesquisa SciELO, Google Acadêmico, BVS-Vet. (Biblioteca Virtual em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia) e Periódicos CAPES/MEC. Partindo disso, foi feita uma análise qualitativa de artigos, principalmente os publicados nos anos de 2019 a 2021. Na literatura o açúcar demonstra grande potencial em promover o crescimento tecidual. A Aloe vera apresenta as características antioxidantes e imunoestimulantes, já o Barbatimão apresenta a capacidade de reduzir inflamações e uma atividade antimicrobiana; e a Calêndula demonstra atividade cicatrizante, anti-inflamatória e antimicrobiana. Com este trabalho pode-se concluir que esses bioprodutos são potentes na ação anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antimicrobiana, além de ajudar na reparação tecidual, sendo excelentes para terapia alternativa.

Horses are curious and active animals. They do not show their pain or injuries easily as they are considered prey in the wild. These factors favor the appearance and development of skin lesions, especially in the region of the distal limbs. The conventional therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these lesions are through antiseptic solutions, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. However, these solutions can cause damage to healing, if used improperly, or cause adverse effects to the animal. An alternative way to treat skin wounds is the use of herbal medicines and other natural products, which are viable due to their lower cost and easy access. Thus, the objective in this work, was to understand the use of natural products in the healing of wounds in horses through an integrative review, addressing the following bioproducts: Sugar, Aloe vera, Barbatimão, and Calendula. This academic research was carried out on the research bases SciELO, Google Scholar, VHL-Vet. (Virtual Library in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science) and CAPES/MEC Periodicals through qualitative analysis of articles, mainly those published in the years 2017 to 2021. In the literature the sugar demonstrated the great potential in promoting tissue growth. Aloe vera has antioxidant and immunostimulating characteristics, while Barbatimão can reduce inflammations and has antimicrobial activity. Calendula has healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. With this work, we conclude that these bioproducts are potent in terms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial action, in addition to helping in tissue repair, being excellent for alternative therapy.

Effect of supplementation of Aloe vera extracts in cold storage media and cryopreservation of domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa

This study evaluated the effect of the extract of Aloe vera at concentrations of 10% and 20% on the cryopreservation of sperm from the epididymis of domestic cats. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered using the flotation technique and used in the treatments: control (TRIS-egg yolk at 20%), T10% (TRIS plus 10% of A. vera extract), and T20% (TRIS plus 20% of A. vera extract). The spermatozoa were subjected to 4ºC for 60 minutes, followed by 20 minutes in nitrogen vapors, and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. The samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm motility decreased (P0.05) during freezing; however, after thawing, it decreased (P0.05). The effect of the crude A. vera extract was not satisfactory on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of domestic cats after thawing; although the motility of spermatozoa was similar to that found with the use of egg yolk, and it presented maintenance of the chromatin integrity. However, it is necessary to understand the action of the substances present in A. vera with the feline spermatozoa, well as the standardization and adjustment of physicochemical characteristics aiming at the future application of the vegetal extract.

Effect of supplementation of Aloe vera extracts in cold storage media and cryopreservation of domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa

This study evaluated the effect of the extract of Aloe vera at concentrations of 10% and 20% on the cryopreservation of sperm from the epididymis of domestic cats. Epididymal spermatozoa were recovered using the flotation technique and used in the treatments: control (TRIS-egg yolk at 20%), T10% (TRIS plus 10% of A. vera extract), and T20% (TRIS plus 20% of A. vera extract). The spermatozoa were subjected to 4ºC for 60 minutes, followed by 20 minutes in nitrogen vapors, and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. The samples were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. The sperm motility decreased (P<0.05) after thawing in the three treatments. Only the spermatozoa in the control treatment maintained post-thawing vigor. The viability of spermatozoa decreased in the treatments with A. vera (P<0.05). According to the hypoosmotic test, all treatments maintained the sperm membrane functionality (P>0.05) during freezing; however, after thawing, it decreased (P<0.05) in the T10% and T20% treatments. The morphology and chromatin condensation of spermatozoa did not differ, regardless of the treatments and time of evaluation (P>0.05). The effect of the crude A. vera extract was not satisfactory on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa of domestic cats after thawing; although the motility of spermatozoa was similar to that found with the use of egg yolk, and it presented maintenance of the chromatin integrity. However, it is necessary to understand the action of the substances present in A. vera with the feline spermatozoa, well as the standardization and adjustment of physicochemical characteristics aiming at the future application of the vegetal extract.(AU)

Phytochemical analysis and acaricidal activity of Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus / Análise fitoquímica e atividade acaricida de extratos de Aloe arborescens Mill. sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

The indiscriminate use of chemical acaricides has allowed Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to develop resistance to several active principles. However, botanical extracts have been tested as an alternative method to control those ticks. This experiment studied the chemical fingerprint and acaricidal effect of fresh and dry Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts on R. (B.) microplus. The acaricidal activity of extracts was assessed using in vitro assays with engorged females, and phytochemical characterization was performed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that fresh and dry A. arborescens extracts prepared with the solvents pure ethanol, ethanol-dichloromethane binary mixture, and ethanol-dichloromethane-acetone ternary mixture, contained water-soluble tannins and had a strong effect on the reproductive parameters of R. (B.) microplus demonstrated by a marked decreased in the number of eggs laid and in the larvae hatching rate (p 0.05, p 0.01, p 0.001). In conclusion, A. arborescens Mill. has components with acaricidal activity against R. (B.) microplus, and phytotherapy with extracts of this plant may be used as an alternative method of R. (B.) microplus control.(AU)

O uso indiscriminado de acaricidas químicos permitiu o desenvolvimento de resistência de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus a vários princípios ativos. Entretanto, extratos botânicos têm sido testados como método alternativo para o controle desses carrapatos. Este experimento foi conduzido para estudar a impressão digital química e o efeito acaricida de extratos frescos e desidratados de Aloe arborescens Mill sobre R. (B.) microplus. A atividade acaricida dos extratos foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro com fêmeas ingurgitadas e a caracterização fitoquímica foi determinada por espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Os resultados demostraram que os extratos frescos e desidratados de A. arborescens Mill obtidos com os solventes etanol puro, mistura binária de etanol e diclorometano, e mistura ternária de etanol, diclorometano e acetona, continham taninos hidrossolúveis e apresentaram maior atividade acaricida sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos de R. (B.) microplus, pois observou-se queda acentuada no número de ovos postos e na taxa de eclosão das larvas (p 0,05; p 0,01; p 0,001). Conclui-se que A. arborescens Mill possui componentes com efeito acaricida contra R. (B.) microplus e que a fitoterapia, com os extratos dessa planta, pode ser utilizada como método alternativo para o controle de R. (B.) microplus.(AU)

Acute inflammation and hematological response in Nile tilapia fed supplemented diet with natural extracts of propolis and Aloe barbadensis / Inflamação aguda e resposta hematológica em tilápias do Nilo alimentadas com extratos naturais de própolis e Aloe barbadensis suplementados na dieta

This study evaluated the acute inflammatory response induced by carrageenin in the swim bladder of Nile tilapia supplemented with the mixture of natural extracts of propolis and Aloe barbadensis (1:1) at a concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 2% in diet during 15 days. Thirty-six fish were distributed into four treatments with three replicates: fish supplemented with 0.5% of admix of extracts of propolis and Aloe (1:1) injected with 500 µg carrageenin; fish supplemented with 1% of admix of extracts of propolis and Aloe (1:1) injected with 500 µg carrageenin; fish supplemented with 2% of admix of extracts of propolis and Aloe (1:1), injected with 500 µg carrageenin and unsupplemented fish injected with 500 µg carrageenin. Six hours after injection, samples of blood and exudate from the swim bladder of fish were collected. It was observed an increase in the leukocyte count in the swim bladder exudate of fish supplemented with extracts of propolis and Aloe injected with carrageenin. The most frequent cells were macrophages followed by granular leukocytes, thrombocytes and lymphocytes. Supplementation with propolis and Aloe to 0.5% caused a significant increase in the number of cells on the inflammatory focus mainly macrophages, cells responsible for the phagocytic activity in tissues, agent of innate fish immune response.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a resposta inflamatória aguda induzida por carragenina na bexiga natatóriade tilápia do Nilo suplementada com a mistura dos extratos naturais de própolis e Aloe barbadensis (1:1), nas concentrações de 0,5%, 1% e 2% na dieta durante o período de 15 dias. Trinta e seis peixes foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com três repetições: peixes suplementados com 0,5% da mistura dos extratos de própolis e Aloe (1:1) injetados na bexiga natatória com 500 µg de carragenina; peixes suplementados com 1% da mistura dos extratos de própolis e Aloe (1:1) injetados na bexiga natatória com 500 µg de carragenina; peixes suplementados com 2% da mistura dos extratos de própolis e Aloe (1:1) injetados na bexiga natatória com 500 µg de carragenina e peixes não suplementados injetados na bexiga natatória com 500 µg de carragenina. Seis horas após as injeções foram coletadas amostras de sangue e exsudato da bexiga natatória dos peixes. Foi observado aumento na contagem de leucócitos no exsudato da bexiga natatória de peixes suplementados com os extratos de própolis e Aloe injetados com carragenina. As células mais frequentes foram os macrófagos seguidos pelos leucócitos granulares, trombócitos e linfócitos. A suplementação com própolis e Aloe a 0,5% provocou aumento significativo no número de células no foco inflamatório, principalmente dos macrófagos, células responsáveis pela atividade fagocitária nos tecidos, agente da resposta imune inata nos peixes.(AU)

Phytochemical analysis and acaricidal activity of Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus / Análise fitoquímica e atividade acaricida de extratos de Aloe arborescens Mill. sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

The indiscriminate use of chemical acaricides has allowed Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to develop resistance to several active principles. However, botanical extracts have been tested as an alternative method to control those ticks. This experiment studied the chemical fingerprint and acaricidal effect of fresh and dry Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts on R. (B.) microplus. The acaricidal activity of extracts was assessed using in vitro assays with engorged females, and phytochemical characterization was performed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that fresh and dry A. arborescens extracts prepared with the solvents pure ethanol, ethanol-dichloromethane binary mixture, and ethanol-dichloromethane-acetone ternary mixture, contained water-soluble tannins and had a strong effect on the reproductive parameters of R. (B.) microplus demonstrated by a marked decreased in the number of eggs laid and in the larvae hatching rate (p 0.05, p 0.01, p 0.001). In conclusion, A. arborescens Mill. has components with acaricidal activity against R. (B.) microplus, and phytotherapy with extracts of this plant may be used as an alternative method of R. (B.) microplus control.

O uso indiscriminado de acaricidas químicos permitiu o desenvolvimento de resistência de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus a vários princípios ativos. Entretanto, extratos botânicos têm sido testados como método alternativo para o controle desses carrapatos. Este experimento foi conduzido para estudar a impressão digital química e o efeito acaricida de extratos frescos e desidratados de Aloe arborescens Mill sobre R. (B.) microplus. A atividade acaricida dos extratos foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro com fêmeas ingurgitadas e a caracterização fitoquímica foi determinada por espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Os resultados demostraram que os extratos frescos e desidratados de A. arborescens Mill obtidos com os solventes etanol puro, mistura binária de etanol e diclorometano, e mistura ternária de etanol, diclorometano e acetona, continham taninos hidrossolúveis e apresentaram maior atividade acaricida sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos de R. (B.) microplus, pois observou-se queda acentuada no número de ovos postos e na taxa de eclosão das larvas (p 0,05; p 0,01; p 0,001). Conclui-se que A. arborescens Mill possui componentes com efeito acaricida contra R. (B.) microplus e que a fitoterapia, com os extratos dessa planta, pode ser utilizada como método alternativo para o controle de R. (B.) microplus.