Germination of forage species in the presence of cadmium, copper and lead / Germinação de espécies forrageiras na presença de cádmio, cobre e chumbo

Soil contaminated with trace elements needs to introduce tolerant species and rapid growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of forage species Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tupi, Panicum maximum cultivars Aruana and Tanzania in the presence of trace elements cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Seed Analysis (CAV-UDESC), the tests were conducted in the absence of the elements (control - 0 mg L-1), and in the concentrations of 3, 180 and 200 mg L-1 for Cd, Pb and Cu respectively. Germination percentage (G), Germination Speed Index (GSI), Vigor (V) and tolerance index for aerial parts (AP) and root (R) were calculated. The presence of Cu inhibited the germination, root emission and aerial part of the species P. maximum cv. Aruana, as for vigor index was affected by the presence of Cu for the species P. maximum cv. Tanzânia and B. humidicola cv. Tupi. The percentage of germination, germination speed index and shoot length of the three species studied were affected by the presence of Cd. The presence of Pb affected shoot length and root length, and vigor index for P. maximum cv. Aruana and P. maximum cv. Tanzânia. The decreasing order of species sensitivity in the presence of Cd and Pb was P. maximum cv. Aruana > P. maximum cv. Tanzânia > B. humidicola cv. Tupi

Solo contaminado com elementos-traço tem necessidade de introduzir espécies tolerantes e de crescimento rápido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a germinação das espécies forrageiras Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tupi, Panicum maximum cultivares Aruana e Tanzânia na presença dos elementos-traço cádmio (Cd), cobre (Cu) e chumbo (Pb). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório para Análise de Sementes (CAV-UDESC), os testes foram conduzidos na ausência dos elementos (testemunha - 0 mg    L-1), e nas concentrações de 3, 180 e 200 mg L-1 para Cd, Pb e Cu, respectivamente. Foram calculados a porcentagem de germinação (G), Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG), Vigor (V) e Índice de tolerância para parte aérea (PA) e raiz (RA). A presença do Cu inibiu a germinação, emissão de raiz e parte aérea da espécie P. maximum cv.  Aruana, bem como o índice de vigor foi afetado pela presença do Cu para as espécies P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia e B. humidicola cv. Tupi. A porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e comprimento de parte aérea das três espécies estudadas foram afetadas pela presença do Cd. A presença do Pb afetou o comprimento de parte aérea e raiz, e índice de vigor para P. maximum cv.  Aruana e P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia. A ordem decrescente de sensibilidade das espécies na presença de Cd e Pb foi P. maximum cv.  Aruana > P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia

Germination of forage species in the presence of cadmium, copper and lead / Germinação de espécies forrageiras na presença de cádmio, cobre e chumbo

Soil contaminated with trace elements needs to introduce tolerant species and rapid growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of forage species Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tupi, Panicum maximum cultivars Aruana and Tanzania in the presence of trace elements cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Seed Analysis (CAV-UDESC), the tests were conducted in the absence of the elements (control - 0 mg L-1), and in the concentrations of 3, 180 and 200 mg L-1 for Cd, Pb and Cu respectively. Germination percentage (G), Germination Speed Index (GSI), Vigor (V) and tolerance index for aerial parts (AP) and root (R) were calculated. The presence of Cu inhibited the germination, root emission and aerial part of the species P. maximum cv. Aruana, as for vigor index was affected by the presence of Cu for the species P. maximum cv. Tanzânia and B. humidicola cv. Tupi. The percentage of germination, germination speed index and shoot length of the three species studied were affected by the presence of Cd. The presence of Pb affected shoot length and root length, and vigor index for P. maximum cv. Aruana and P. maximum cv. Tanzânia. The decreasing order of species sensitivity in the presence of Cd and Pb was P. maximum cv. Aruana > P. maximum cv. Tanzânia > B. humidicola cv. Tupi(AU)

Solo contaminado com elementos-traço tem necessidade de introduzir espécies tolerantes e de crescimento rápido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a germinação das espécies forrageiras Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tupi, Panicum maximum cultivares Aruana e Tanzânia na presença dos elementos-traço cádmio (Cd), cobre (Cu) e chumbo (Pb). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório para Análise de Sementes (CAV-UDESC), os testes foram conduzidos na ausência dos elementos (testemunha - 0 mg    L-1), e nas concentrações de 3, 180 e 200 mg L-1 para Cd, Pb e Cu, respectivamente. Foram calculados a porcentagem de germinação (G), Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG), Vigor (V) e Índice de tolerância para parte aérea (PA) e raiz (RA). A presença do Cu inibiu a germinação, emissão de raiz e parte aérea da espécie P. maximum cv.  Aruana, bem como o índice de vigor foi afetado pela presença do Cu para as espécies P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia e B. humidicola cv. Tupi. A porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e comprimento de parte aérea das três espécies estudadas foram afetadas pela presença do Cd. A presença do Pb afetou o comprimento de parte aérea e raiz, e índice de vigor para P. maximum cv.  Aruana e P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia. A ordem decrescente de sensibilidade das espécies na presença de Cd e Pb foi P. maximum cv.  Aruana > P. maximum cv.  Tanzânia(AU)

Ingestão de corpo estranho de chumbo por cão da raça daschund - Relato de caso / Ingestion of lead object by a daschund dog - Case report / Ingestión de cuerpo extraño de plomo por perro de la raza daschund - Relato de caso

O presente trabalho relata a ingestão de corpo estranho de chumbo por um cão da raça Daschund, fêmea, atendido em uma clínica particular no município de Pitanga-PR visualizado pelo proprietário há aproximadamente 20 dias. A paciente apresentava vomito há 48 horas, mas apresentava-se hidratada e demais parâmetros dentro da normalidade. O diagnóstico foi confirmado com radiografia simples e o protocolo terapêutico instituído foi o cirúrgico. Apesar do tempo de exposição ao objeto púmblico, a paciente não apresentava alterações clinicas de intoxicação pelo metal. Após 10 dias da gastrotomia, a paciente recebeu alta e permaneceu sem sinais de intoxicação pelo chumbo até o momento.(AU)

This study reports the ingestion of a lead object by a female Daschund dog attended in a private clinic in the city of Pitanga ­ PR witnessed by the owner 20 days before. The patient presented vomit for 48 hours but it was hydrated, with other parameters within normality. The diagnosis was confirmed with an X-ray and surgery was the therapeutic treatment of choice. In spite of the time of exposure to the lead object, the patient did not present clinical signs of intoxication by the metal. Ten days after the gastrostomy, the patient was discharged and did not present further signs of intoxication.(AU)

El presente trabajo relata la ingestión de un cuerpo extraño de plomo por un perro de la raza Daschund, hembra, atendido en una clínica particular en el municipio de Pitanga-PR visualizado por el propietario hacía aproximadamente 20 días. La paciente presentaba vomito hacía 48 horas, pero se presentaba hidratada y demás parámetros dentro de la normalidad. El diagnóstico se ha confirmado con radiografía simple y el protocolo terapéutico instituido fue el quirúrgico. A pesar del tiempo de exposición al objeto plúmbeo, la paciente no presentaba alteraciones clínicas de intoxicación por el metal. Después de 10 días de la gastrostomía, la paciente recibió alta y permaneció sin signos de intoxicación por el plomo hasta el momento.(AU)

Ingestão de corpo estranho de chumbo por cão da raça daschund - Relato de caso / Ingestion of lead object by a daschund dog - Case report / Ingestión de cuerpo extraño de plomo por perro de la raza daschund - Relato de caso

O presente trabalho relata a ingestão de corpo estranho de chumbo por um cão da raça Daschund, fêmea, atendido em uma clínica particular no município de Pitanga-PR visualizado pelo proprietário há aproximadamente 20 dias. A paciente apresentava vomito há 48 horas, mas apresentava-se hidratada e demais parâmetros dentro da normalidade. O diagnóstico foi confirmado com radiografia simples e o protocolo terapêutico instituído foi o cirúrgico. Apesar do tempo de exposição ao objeto púmblico, a paciente não apresentava alterações clinicas de intoxicação pelo metal. Após 10 dias da gastrotomia, a paciente recebeu alta e permaneceu sem sinais de intoxicação pelo chumbo até o momento.(AU)

This study reports the ingestion of a lead object by a female Daschund dog attended in a private clinic in the city of Pitanga ­ PR witnessed by the owner 20 days before. The patient presented vomit for 48 hours but it was hydrated, with other parameters within normality. The diagnosis was confirmed with an X-ray and surgery was the therapeutic treatment of choice. In spite of the time of exposure to the lead object, the patient did not present clinical signs of intoxication by the metal. Ten days after the gastrostomy, the patient was discharged and did not present further signs of intoxication.(AU)

El presente trabajo relata la ingestión de un cuerpo extraño de plomo por un perro de la raza Daschund, hembra, atendido en una clínica particular en el municipio de Pitanga-PR visualizado por el propietario hacía aproximadamente 20 días. La paciente presentaba vomito hacía 48 horas, pero se presentaba hidratada y demás parámetros dentro de la normalidad. El diagnóstico se ha confirmado con radiografía simple y el protocolo terapéutico instituido fue el quirúrgico. A pesar del tiempo de exposición al objeto plúmbeo, la paciente no presentaba alteraciones clínicas de intoxicación por el metal. Después de 10 días de la gastrostomía, la paciente recibió alta y permaneció sin signos de intoxicación por el plomo hasta el momento.(AU)

The effect of humic acid substances on the thyroid function and structure in lead poisoning

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal, which adversely affects thyroid gland function and structure. Due to its high molecular weight and abundant functional groups, humic acid substances (HAS) can form chelates with heavy metals. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic effect of HAS on thyroid hormone levels and histopathological lesions of laying hens exposed to lead (Pb) poisoning. After a week of adaptation, 192 Lohmann White laying hens (25 weeks of age) were fed one of four diets: a basal diet (BD) or the BD with HAS (0.15%), with Pb (0.3 g/kg), or with both. Experimental groups were replicated in 12 cages, with four hens each. Pb poisoning did not alter triiodothyronine (FT3; 3.22 ± 0.20 ng/dL) or thyroxine (FT4; 0.71 ± 0.08 ng/dL) concentrations, but caused a 167% increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. HAS supplementation returned the high TSH levels of hens exposed to Pb poisoning to normal values. Degenerative changes in the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland of the hens exposed to Pb poisoning were evidenced. Connective tissue cells in the interfollicular area and total amount of colloids with partially atrophic follicles were observed. These histopathological findings were less severe when HAS was added to the diet. In conclusion, HAS alleviates the effects of Pb poisoning on thyroid gland function and structure, possibly preventing its internalization by the tissue by forming chelates and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.

The effect of humic acid substances on the thyroid function and structure in lead poisoning

Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal, which adversely affects thyroid gland function and structure. Due to its high molecular weight and abundant functional groups, humic acid substances (HAS) can form chelates with heavy metals. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic effect of HAS on thyroid hormone levels and histopathological lesions of laying hens exposed to lead (Pb) poisoning. After a week of adaptation, 192 Lohmann White laying hens (25 weeks of age) were fed one of four diets: a basal diet (BD) or the BD with HAS (0.15%), with Pb (0.3 g/kg), or with both. Experimental groups were replicated in 12 cages, with four hens each. Pb poisoning did not alter triiodothyronine (FT3; 3.22 ± 0.20 ng/dL) or thyroxine (FT4; 0.71 ± 0.08 ng/dL) concentrations, but caused a 167% increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. HAS supplementation returned the high TSH levels of hens exposed to Pb poisoning to normal values. Degenerative changes in the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland of the hens exposed to Pb poisoning were evidenced. Connective tissue cells in the interfollicular area and total amount of colloids with partially atrophic follicles were observed. These histopathological findings were less severe when HAS was added to the diet. In conclusion, HAS alleviates the effects of Pb poisoning on thyroid gland function and structure, possibly preventing its internalization by the tissue by forming chelates and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.(AU)