Adsorption of cadmium and copper in representative soils of Eastern Amazonia, Brazil / Adsorção de cádmio e cobre em solos representativos da Amazônia Oriental, Brasil

Studies of heavy metals adsorption in soil play a key role in predicting environmental susceptibility to contamination by toxic elements. The objective of this study was to evaluate cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) adsorption in surface and subsurface soil. Samples of six soils: Xanthic Hapludox (XH1 and XH2), Typic Hapludox (TH), Typic Rhodudalf (TR), Typic Fluvaquent (TF), and Amazonian dark earths (ADE) from Eastern Amazonian, Brazil. The soils were selected for chemical, physical and mineralogical characterization and to determine the adsorption by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. All soils characterized as kaolinitic, and among them, XH1 and XH2 showed the lowest fertility. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms revealed a higher Cu (H curve) than Cd (L curve) adsorption. Parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms indicate that soils TR, TF and ADE has the greatest capacity and affinity for metal adsorption. Correlation between the curve adsorption parameters and the soil attributes indicates that the pH, CEC, OM and MnO variables had the best influence on metal retention. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms satisfactorily described Cu and Cd soil adsorption, where TR, TF and ADE has a lower vulnerability to metal input to the environment. Besides the pH, CEC and OM the MnO had a significant effect on Cu and Cd adsorption in Amazon soils.

Estudos de adsorção de metais pesados no solo desempenham um papel chave em prever a susceptibilidade à contaminação do ambiente por elementos tóxicos. O objetivo foi avaliar a adsorção de cádmio (Cd) e cobre (Cu) na superfície e subsuperfície de seis solos Amazônicos: Latossolo Amarelo (XH1 e XH2), Latossolo Vermelho (TH), Nitossolo Vermelho (TR), Gleissolo Háplico (TF) e Latossolo Amarelo Terra Preta de Índio (ADE) da Amazônia Oriental. Os solos foram selecionados para caracterização química, física, mineralógica e determinação da capacidade máxima de adsorção pelas isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich. Todos os solos foram caracterizados como cauliníticos, e entre eles, XH1 e XH2 apresentaram menor fertilidade. As isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich revelaram adsorção superior de Cu (curva H) em relação ao Cd (L curva). Os parâmetros de Langmuir e Freundlich indicam que os solos TR, TF e ADE tem a maior capacidade e afinidade para adsorção de metais. A correlação entre os parâmetros da curva de adsorção e os atributos do solo indica que o PH, capacidade de troca de cátion (CTC), matéria orgânica (MO) e óxido de manganês (MnO) tiveram influência sobre a retenção dos metais. As isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich descreveram satisfatoriamente a adsorção de Cu e Cd no solo, onde TR, TF e ADE tem uma menor vulnerabilidade à entrada de metais para o meio ambiente. Além do pH, CTC e MO, o MnO teve um efeito significativo na adsorção de Cu e Cd em solos amazônicos.

Adsorption of cadmium and copper in representative soils of Eastern Amazonia, Brazil / Adsorção de cádmio e cobre em solos representativos da Amazônia Oriental, Brasil

Studies of heavy metals adsorption in soil play a key role in predicting environmental susceptibility to contamination by toxic elements. The objective of this study was to evaluate cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) adsorption in surface and subsurface soil. Samples of six soils: Xanthic Hapludox (XH1 and XH2), Typic Hapludox (TH), Typic Rhodudalf (TR), Typic Fluvaquent (TF), and Amazonian dark earths (ADE) from Eastern Amazonian, Brazil. The soils were selected for chemical, physical and mineralogical characterization and to determine the adsorption by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. All soils characterized as kaolinitic, and among them, XH1 and XH2 showed the lowest fertility. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms revealed a higher Cu (H curve) than Cd (L curve) adsorption. Parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms indicate that soils TR, TF and ADE has the greatest capacity and affinity for metal adsorption. Correlation between the curve adsorption parameters and the soil attributes indicates that the pH, CEC, OM and MnO variables had the best influence on metal retention. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms satisfactorily described Cu and Cd soil adsorption, where TR, TF and ADE has a lower vulnerability to metal input to the environment. Besides the pH, CEC and OM the MnO had a significant effect on Cu and Cd adsorption in Amazon soils.(AU)

Estudos de adsorção de metais pesados no solo desempenham um papel chave em prever a susceptibilidade à contaminação do ambiente por elementos tóxicos. O objetivo foi avaliar a adsorção de cádmio (Cd) e cobre (Cu) na superfície e subsuperfície de seis solos Amazônicos: Latossolo Amarelo (XH1 e XH2), Latossolo Vermelho (TH), Nitossolo Vermelho (TR), Gleissolo Háplico (TF) e Latossolo Amarelo Terra Preta de Índio (ADE) da Amazônia Oriental. Os solos foram selecionados para caracterização química, física, mineralógica e determinação da capacidade máxima de adsorção pelas isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich. Todos os solos foram caracterizados como cauliníticos, e entre eles, XH1 e XH2 apresentaram menor fertilidade. As isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich revelaram adsorção superior de Cu (curva H) em relação ao Cd (L curva). Os parâmetros de Langmuir e Freundlich indicam que os solos TR, TF e ADE tem a maior capacidade e afinidade para adsorção de metais. A correlação entre os parâmetros da curva de adsorção e os atributos do solo indica que o PH, capacidade de troca de cátion (CTC), matéria orgânica (MO) e óxido de manganês (MnO) tiveram influência sobre a retenção dos metais. As isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich descreveram satisfatoriamente a adsorção de Cu e Cd no solo, onde TR, TF e ADE tem uma menor vulnerabilidade à entrada de metais para o meio ambiente. Além do pH, CTC e MO, o MnO teve um efeito significativo na adsorção de Cu e Cd em solos amazônicos.(AU)

Relationship between Paratuberculosis and the microelements Copper, Zinc, Iron, Selenium and Molybdenum in Beef Cattle

To study the deficiency of minerals and its relationship with Paratuberculosis, blood, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from 75 adult bovines without clinical symptoms of the disease and from two bovines with clinical symptoms of the disease, from two beef herds with a previous history of Paratuberculosis in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Serum samples were processed by ELISA and feces were cultured in Herrolds medium. Copper, zinc and iron in serum were quantified by spectrophotometry and selenium was measured by the activity of glutathione peroxidase. We also determined copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum concentrations in pastures and the concentration of sulfate in water. Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map) was isolated from 17.3% of fecal samples of asymptomatic animals and from the fecal samples from the two animals with clinical symptoms. All the Map-positive animals were also ELISA-positive or suspect, and among them, 84.6% presented low or marginal values of selenium and 69.2% presented low or marginal values of copper. The two animals with clinical symptoms, and isolation of Map from feces and organs were selenium-deficient and had the lowest activity of glutathione peroxidase of all the animals from both herds. All the animals negative to Map in feces and negative to ELISA had normal values of Se, while 13.8% of animals with positive ELISA or suspect and culture negative presented low levels of Se. Half of the animals that were negative both for ELISA and culture in feces were deficient in copper but none of them presented low values of selenium. The content of molybdenum and iron in pasture was high, 2.5 ppm and 1.13 ppm in one herd and 2.5 ppm and 2.02 ppm in the other, respectively, whereas the copper:molybdenum ratio was 1.5 and 5.2, respectively. These results do not confirm an interaction between imbalances of the micronutrients and clinical Paratuberculosis, but show evidence of the relationship between selenium deficiencies in animals with Map infection and ELISA positive results.(AU)