Diochus cleidecostae, a new species from the Brazilian Amazon and a discussion of the sexual dimorphism on sternum VIII (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Diochini)

Diochus Erichson is a worldwide rove beetle genus with species found in forest floor litter. Three species of Diochus were recently collected in northern Brazil, one of them considered as new and herein described. Within Diochus nanus-group, D. cleidecostae sp. nov. differs from D. apicipennis Cameron, D. nanus Erichson and D. perplexus Cameron by the aedeagus with clearing trifurcate apex of parameres; and differs from D. parvulus Kraatz by the three apical long setae of parameres distributed on ventral and dorsal lobes. A previous key to the D. nanus-group is updated to include the new species. Here we also report for the first time D. santacatarinae Irmler and D. parvulus from Pará state, Brazil. Finally, a discussion about the sexual dimorphism on sternum VIII is also provided for the genus.(AU)

Diochus cleidecostae, a new species from the Brazilian Amazon and a discussion of the sexual dimorphism on sternum VIII (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Diochini)

Diochus Erichson is a worldwide rove beetle genus with species found in forest floor litter. Three species of Diochus were recently collected in northern Brazil, one of them considered as new and herein described. Within Diochus nanus-group, D. cleidecostae sp. nov. differs from D. apicipennis Cameron, D. nanus Erichson and D. perplexus Cameron by the aedeagus with clearing trifurcate apex of parameres; and differs from D. parvulus Kraatz by the three apical long setae of parameres distributed on ventral and dorsal lobes. A previous key to the D. nanus-group is updated to include the new species. Here we also report for the first time D. santacatarinae Irmler and D. parvulus from Pará state, Brazil. Finally, a discussion about the sexual dimorphism on sternum VIII is also provided for the genus.

Osteossarcoma axial intratorácico / Osteosarcoma axial intrathoracic

Background: Bone tumors have a challenging diagnosis and treatment. Osteosarcoma is the name given to a heterogeneous group of malignant, agressive and invasive tumors that often determine bone lysis. Almost all of the animals develop lung metastases, progressing to death. Usually affect the appendicular skeleton, but can also occurs in others areas, although these presentations are rare. Prognosis is always poor. The aim of this paper is to report a case of a dog with osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the sternum, which was diagnosed by computed tomography and histopathologic analysis after excisional biopsy.Case: A male Cocker Spaniel dog, weighing 25 kg, elderly, was examined at the Veterinary Hospital. As main complaint was reported soft swelling on the ventral cervical region causing dyspnea. The patient had previously been medicated with dexamethasone with a significant decrease in the swelling, however recurrence was observed with the cessation of the treatment. Due to the presence of heart murmur, patient underwent to chest radiography and eletrocardiography. Images showed a tumor in the sternal lymph node region, displacing the heart caudally, trachea and esophagus dorsally, causing cranial edema due to a compression of the venous return by the cranial vena cava and subsequent dyspnea. Furosemide (Lasix®) was administered during ambulatorial treatment and prescribed to home, with satisfactory results, with decreased edema and consequent improvement of respiratory symptoms. It was decided to perform computed tomography to better design of the chest structure. The structure located in cranial thoracic region measured about 10.5 cm long x 5.8 cm high x 8.4 cm wide. The patient was undergone to sternotomy to remove the mass that was closely adhered to the sternum and pericardium. The pericardectomy and sternum removal were not performed due to animal being old and present metabolic and cardiopulmonary conditions.[...]

Osteossarcoma axial intratorácico / Osteosarcoma axial intrathoracic

Background: Bone tumors have a challenging diagnosis and treatment. Osteosarcoma is the name given to a heterogeneous group of malignant, agressive and invasive tumors that often determine bone lysis. Almost all of the animals develop lung metastases, progressing to death. Usually affect the appendicular skeleton, but can also occurs in others areas, although these presentations are rare. Prognosis is always poor. The aim of this paper is to report a case of a dog with osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the sternum, which was diagnosed by computed tomography and histopathologic analysis after excisional biopsy.Case: A male Cocker Spaniel dog, weighing 25 kg, elderly, was examined at the Veterinary Hospital. As main complaint was reported soft swelling on the ventral cervical region causing dyspnea. The patient had previously been medicated with dexamethasone with a significant decrease in the swelling, however recurrence was observed with the cessation of the treatment. Due to the presence of heart murmur, patient underwent to chest radiography and eletrocardiography. Images showed a tumor in the sternal lymph node region, displacing the heart caudally, trachea and esophagus dorsally, causing cranial edema due to a compression of the venous return by the cranial vena cava and subsequent dyspnea. Furosemide (Lasix®) was administered during ambulatorial treatment and prescribed to home, with satisfactory results, with decreased edema and consequent improvement of respiratory symptoms. It was decided to perform computed tomography to better design of the chest structure. The structure located in cranial thoracic region measured about 10.5 cm long x 5.8 cm high x 8.4 cm wide. The patient was undergone to sternotomy to remove the mass that was closely adhered to the sternum and pericardium. The pericardectomy and sternum removal were not performed due to animal being old and present metabolic and cardiopulmonary conditions.[...](AU)

Perfuração torácica e fratura de esterno em potro – relato de caso / Thoracic drilling and sternal fracture in foal - case report

The aim of this paper is to describe an attempt to correct a thoracic trauma with drilling and sternum fracture in a filly. Cleaning the thoracic cavity was made, muscle graft placement, reduction and synthesis subcutaneous space of the skin. Recommended antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tetanus serum and rest. Despite the efforts the animal came to death days later because of postsurgical complications.

Perfuração torácica e fratura de esterno em potro relato de caso / Thoracic drilling and sternal fracture in foal - case report

The aim of this paper is to describe an attempt to correct a thoracic trauma with drilling and sternum fracture in a filly. Cleaning the thoracic cavity was made, muscle graft placement, reduction and synthesis subcutaneous space of the skin. Recommended antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tetanus serum and rest. Despite the efforts the animal came to death days later because of postsurgical complications.(AU)

Scintigraphic imaging with technetium-99M-labelled ceftizoxime is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of deep sternal wound infection in rats

To evaluate whether scintigraphy with technetium-99m-labeled ceftizoxime (99mTc-CFT) can differentiate mediastinitis from aseptic inflammation associated with sternotomy. Twenty female Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups: S (control) -partial upper median sternotomy with no treatment; SW (control) - sternotomy and treatment of sternal wounds with bone wax; SB - sternotomy and infection with Staphylococcus aureus; SWB - sternotomy with bone wax treatment and bacterial infection. Scintigraphy with 99mTc-CFT was performed eight days after surgery and images were collected 210 and 360 min after infusion of the radiopharmaceutical. No animals exhibited clinical signs of wound infection at the end of the experiment, although histological data verified acute inflammatory response in those experimentally infected with bacteria. Scintigraphic images revealed that tropism of 99mTc-CFT to infected sternums was greater than to their non-infected counterparts. Mean counts of radioactivity in bacteria-infected sternal regions (SB and SWB) were significantly higher (p = 0.0007) than those of the respective controls (S and SW). Scintigraphy with technetium-99m-labeled ceftizoxime is a method that can potentially detect infection post sternotomy and differentiate from aseptic inflammation in animals experimentally inoculated with S. aureus.(AU)

Descrição anátomo-radiográfica do esqueleto axial da cutia (Dasyprocta azarae, Lichtenstein, 1823) / Anatomoradiographic description of the axial skeleton of the agouti (Dasyprocta azarae, Lichtenstein, 1823)

O esqueleto axial dos mamíferos compreende o crânio, a coluna vertebral, as costelas e o esterno, sendo o conhecimento anatômico-radiográfico desses ossos de importância impar para a clínica e cirurgia. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o intuito de melhor conhecer alguns aspectos anátomo-radiográficos do esqueleto axial de um grande roedor selvagem da fauna brasileira, a cutia, uma vez que não existem informações precisas sobre esses dados na literatura. Utilizaram-se nove animais, quatro fêmeas e quatro machos adultos, além de um filhote macho. Em todos os animais foram realizadas radiografias em decúbito lateral e ventral. A avaliação anatômica foi efetuada em três deles, que após morte natural tiveram seus esqueletos axiais dissecados e posteriormente preparados mediante maceração controlada, sendo as peças ósseas analisadas. Verificou-se em todas as cutias estudadas a presença de sete vértebras cervicais, 13 torácicas com 13 pares de costelas, sete vértebras lombares, quatro vértebras sacrais oito ou nove pequenas vértebras caudais. O esterno formava-se por um grande manúbrio, cinco esternébras e um xifoesterno ao qual se conectava a cartilagem xifóide. As cutias apresentam tronco compacto e a cabeça um pouco alongada, com número de vértebras semelhante ao da paca (Agouti paca) e ao de outros roedores não-selvagens. Embora pareçam animais de cauda praticamente inexistente, há um número considerável de vértebras caudais.

The axial skeleton of mammals is formed by the skull, the spine, the ribs and the sternum, and the anatomoradiographic knowledge of those bones is extremely important clinic and surgically. This research was developed with the purpose of better know some anatomoradiographic aspects of the axial skeleton of one big wild Brazilian rodent, the agouti, since there is not many information about those aspects in scientific literature. They were used nine animals, four adult females and four adult males, besides a young male. Radiographs were obtained in every animal in lateral and dorsal recumbency. The anatomic study was performed in three of them that after natural death had theirs skeletons dissected and then prepared by controlled maceration and the bones analyzed. It was noted the presence of seven cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae with 13 pairs of ribs, seven lumbar vertebrae, four sacral vertebrae and eight or nine caudal vertebrae in every animal. The sternum is composed by a big manubrium, five esternebrae, the xiphisternum to which a xiphoid cartilage is attached. Agoutis present compact trunk and an elongated head, with vertebrae formula similar to the one observed in pacas (Agouti paca) and other wild rodents. Although they resemble animals of practically nonexistent tail, there is a considerable number of caudal vertebrae.