Zoonosis principales en pequeños animales: una breve revisón / Principal zoonoses in small animals: a brief review / Principais zoonoses em pequenos animais: breve revisão

Con la estrecha relación entre las personas y los animales, zoonosis toman un papel aún más importante en la salud pública. Entre las principales zoonosis se pueden destacar la rabia, la leishmaniasis, la brucelosis canina, la fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas, la toxoplasmosis y la leptospirosis que apresenteam epidemiológivos aspectos y control diferente entre ellos. La Rabia es 100% mortal en los animales y los seres humanos, causando encefalomielitis aguda, todavía se considera un problema grave de salud pública. Desde la década de 1950 y 1960, cuando hubo un alto número de casos de rabia humana transmitida por perros, principalmente en Brasil, se observó crecimiento de las actividades gubernamentales, tales como la implementación del "Programa Nacional de Prevención de la rabia humana" ( PNPR) en 1973, a nivel nacional, y luego en 1983 el "plan de Acción para la eliminación de la rabia urbana de las ciudades de América Latina", desarrollado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Se han hecho algunos avances en el control de la enfermedad, lo que reduce el número de casos humanos se han reportado un solo caso de rabia humana en Brasil en 2015. Leishmaniasis Visceral Canina (LVC) no se está expandiendo en Brasil. Es una zoonosis de importancia para la salud pública. El agente causante de la leishmaniasis visceral canina es un protozoo del género Leishmania [...](AU)

With the close relationship between people and animals, zoonosis take an even more important role in public health. Among the main zoonoses can be highlighted rabies, leishmaniasis, canine brucellosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis wich have different epidemiological and control aspects. Rabies is 100% fatal in animals and humans, causing acute encephalomyelitis, it is still considered a serious public health problem. Since the 1950s and 1960s, when there was a high number of cases of human rabies transmitted mainly by dogs in Brazil, it was observed growing in government activities, such as the implementation of the "Prevention National Program of Human Rabies" ( PNPR) in 1973, at national level, and then in 1983 the "Action Plan for the Elimination of Urban rabies the Cities of Latin America", developed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Some progress has been made in controlling the disease, reducing the number of human cases. In Brazil, in 2015, was reported only one case of human rabies. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is expanding in Brazil. It is a zoonosis of importance to public health. The causative agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis is a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by mosquitoes belonging to the family of sandflies. Dogs are the main reservoir of the disease and humans, accidental hosts. This [...](AU)

Com a relação mais estreita entre as pessoas e os animais, as zoonoses se tornam mais importantes na saúde pública. Entre elas, podem ser destacadas a raiva, leishmaniose, brucelose canina, febre maculosa, toxoplasmose e leptospirose que apresentam aspectos epidemiológicos e de controle diferentes entre elas. A Raiva é 100 % fatal em animais e humanos, causando encefalomielite aguda e sendo considerada ainda um grave problema de saúde pública. Desde as décadas de 1950 e 1960, quando houve elevado número de casos de raiva humana transmitida principalmente por cães no Brasil, pôde-se observar uma preocupação nas atividades governamentais, como, por exemplo, a implantação do Programa Nacional de Profilaxia da Raiva Humana (PNPR) em 1973, a nível nacional, e, posteriormente, em 1983, o Plano de Ação para Eliminação da Raiva Urbana das Principais Cidades da América Latina, desenvolvido pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). Alguns avanços foram obtidos no controle dessa doença, com redução do número de casos humanos, tendo sido reportado apenas um caso de raiva humana no Brasil em 2015. A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) vem se expandindo no Brasil, sendo uma zoonose de extrema importância para a saúde pública. Seu agente etiológico é um protozoário do gênero Leishmania, transmitido pela picada de mosquitos flebotomíneos. Os cães são os principais reservatórios [...](AU)

Zoonosis principales en pequeños animales: una breve revisón / Principal zoonoses in small animals: a brief review / Principais zoonoses em pequenos animais: breve revisão

Con la estrecha relación entre las personas y los animales, zoonosis toman un papel aún más importante en la salud pública. Entre las principales zoonosis se pueden destacar la rabia, la leishmaniasis, la brucelosis canina, la fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas, la toxoplasmosis y la leptospirosis que apresenteam epidemiológivos aspectos y control diferente entre ellos. La Rabia es 100% mortal en los animales y los seres humanos, causando encefalomielitis aguda, todavía se considera un problema grave de salud pública. Desde la década de 1950 y 1960, cuando hubo un alto número de casos de rabia humana transmitida por perros, principalmente en Brasil, se observó crecimiento de las actividades gubernamentales, tales como la implementación del "Programa Nacional de Prevención de la rabia humana" ( PNPR) en 1973, a nivel nacional, y luego en 1983 el "plan de Acción para la eliminación de la rabia urbana de las ciudades de América Latina", desarrollado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Se han hecho algunos avances en el control de la enfermedad, lo que reduce el número de casos humanos se han reportado un solo caso de rabia humana en Brasil en 2015. Leishmaniasis Visceral Canina (LVC) no se está expandiendo en Brasil. Es una zoonosis de importancia para la salud pública. El agente causante de la leishmaniasis visceral canina es un protozoo del género Leishmania [...]

With the close relationship between people and animals, zoonosis take an even more important role in public health. Among the main zoonoses can be highlighted rabies, leishmaniasis, canine brucellosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis wich have different epidemiological and control aspects. Rabies is 100% fatal in animals and humans, causing acute encephalomyelitis, it is still considered a serious public health problem. Since the 1950s and 1960s, when there was a high number of cases of human rabies transmitted mainly by dogs in Brazil, it was observed growing in government activities, such as the implementation of the "Prevention National Program of Human Rabies" ( PNPR) in 1973, at national level, and then in 1983 the "Action Plan for the Elimination of Urban rabies the Cities of Latin America", developed by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Some progress has been made in controlling the disease, reducing the number of human cases. In Brazil, in 2015, was reported only one case of human rabies. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is expanding in Brazil. It is a zoonosis of importance to public health. The causative agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis is a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by mosquitoes belonging to the family of sandflies. Dogs are the main reservoir of the disease and humans, accidental hosts. This [...]

Com a relação mais estreita entre as pessoas e os animais, as zoonoses se tornam mais importantes na saúde pública. Entre elas, podem ser destacadas a raiva, leishmaniose, brucelose canina, febre maculosa, toxoplasmose e leptospirose que apresentam aspectos epidemiológicos e de controle diferentes entre elas. A Raiva é 100 % fatal em animais e humanos, causando encefalomielite aguda e sendo considerada ainda um grave problema de saúde pública. Desde as décadas de 1950 e 1960, quando houve elevado número de casos de raiva humana transmitida principalmente por cães no Brasil, pôde-se observar uma preocupação nas atividades governamentais, como, por exemplo, a implantação do Programa Nacional de Profilaxia da Raiva Humana (PNPR) em 1973, a nível nacional, e, posteriormente, em 1983, o Plano de Ação para Eliminação da Raiva Urbana das Principais Cidades da América Latina, desenvolvido pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). Alguns avanços foram obtidos no controle dessa doença, com redução do número de casos humanos, tendo sido reportado apenas um caso de raiva humana no Brasil em 2015. A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) vem se expandindo no Brasil, sendo uma zoonose de extrema importância para a saúde pública. Seu agente etiológico é um protozoário do gênero Leishmania, transmitido pela picada de mosquitos flebotomíneos. Os cães são os principais reservatórios [...]

An update on the epidemiological situation of spotted fever in Brazil

Spotted fever is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. In Brazil, its notification to the Ministry of Health is compulsory. Since 2007, cases of spotted fever have been integrated to the Notifiable Diseases Information System, and epidemiological analyzes are part of the routines on surveillance programs. Methods This descriptive study updates epidemiological information on cases of spotted fever registered in Brazil between 2007 and 2015. Results In Brazil, 17,117 suspected cases of the disease were reported and 1,245 were confirmed in 12 states, mainly in São Paulo (550, 44.2 %) and Santa Catarina (276, 22.2 %). No geographic information was registered for 132 cases (10.6 %). Most of the infected people were men (70.9 %), mainly in rural areas (539, 43.3 %), who had contact with ticks (72.7 %). A higher number of suspected cases were registered between 2011 and 2015, but the number of confirmed cases and the incidence were relatively low. Moreover, 411 deaths were registered between 2007 and 2015, mainly in the southeastern region of the country, where the case-fatality rate was 55 %. Lack of proper filling of important fields of notification forms was also observed. Conclusions The results showed expansion of suspected cases of spotted fever and high case-fatality rates, which could be related to diagnostic difficulties and lack of prompt treatment. These factors may comprise limitations to the epidemiological surveillance system in Brazil, hence improvement of notification and investigation are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality due to spotted fever in Brazil.(AU)

An update on the epidemiological situation of spotted fever in Brazil

Spotted fever is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. In Brazil, its notification to the Ministry of Health is compulsory. Since 2007, cases of spotted fever have been integrated to the Notifiable Diseases Information System, and epidemiological analyzes are part of the routines on surveillance programs. Methods This descriptive study updates epidemiological information on cases of spotted fever registered in Brazil between 2007 and 2015. Results In Brazil, 17,117 suspected cases of the disease were reported and 1,245 were confirmed in 12 states, mainly in São Paulo (550, 44.2 %) and Santa Catarina (276, 22.2 %). No geographic information was registered for 132 cases (10.6 %). Most of the infected people were men (70.9 %), mainly in rural areas (539, 43.3 %), who had contact with ticks (72.7 %). A higher number of suspected cases were registered between 2011 and 2015, but the number of confirmed cases and the incidence were relatively low. Moreover, 411 deaths were registered between 2007 and 2015, mainly in the southeastern region of the country, where the case-fatality rate was 55 %. Lack of proper filling of important fields of notification forms was also observed. Conclusions The results showed expansion of suspected cases of spotted fever and high case-fatality rates, which could be related to diagnostic difficulties and lack of prompt treatment. These factors may comprise limitations to the epidemiological surveillance system in Brazil, hence improvement of notification and investigation are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality due to spotted fever in Brazil.