The glutaraldehyde test and its use in dairy cattle / O teste do glutaraldeído e seu uso em bovinos de leite

During a physical examination of cattle, it is often difficult to evaluate inflammatory processes, particularly in cases where the inflammation occurs in deeper regions. The glutaraldehyde test (GT), carried out using a sample of whole blood, allows the visual and semiquantitative identification of an inflammatory process in cattle. Considering that there are few biochemical tests that can be used in the field, the objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of the GT in detecting and predicting mild and severe inflammatory processes in bovine species, classified according to a physical examination, and in the presence of different diseases or lesions. The GT was used in conjunction with a physical examination in 176 cows over 12 months of age, with additional laboratory evaluations of packed cell volume, total protein, albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen. Using a cutoff point at 3 minutes of coagulation, the GT showed a sensitivity of 35.1%, specificity of 94.1%, positive predictive value of 74.1%, and negative predictive value of 75.2%. The GT correctly detected the most severe inflammatory processes under the field conditions of this study. The GT is a diagnostic aid that can be used as a fast and simple screening test during the physical examination of cattle.(AU)

Processos inflamatórios em bovinos, principalmente quando ocorrem em regiões mais profundas, são difíceis de avaliar no exame físico. O teste de glutaraldeído (TG), realizado com uma amostra de sangue total, possibilita a identificação visual e semiquantitativa de um processo inflamatório no bovino. Ao considerar que existem poucos testes bioquímicos passíveis de aplicação a campo, esse estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia do TG em detectar e predizer os processos inflamatórios leve e grave classificados conforme o exame físico e na presença de diferentes doenças ou lesões na espécie bovina. O TG foi aplicado juntamente com o exame físico em 176 fêmeas bovinas acima de 12 meses, além da avaliação laboratorial do volume globular, proteína total, albumina, globulina e fibrinogênio. O TG obteve sensibilidade de 35,1 %, especificidade de 94,1 %, valor preditivo positivo de 74,1 % e valor preditivo negativo de 74,2 % com o ponto de corte em 3 minutos de tempo de coagulação. O TG foi capaz de detectar corretamente os processos inflamatórios mais graves nas condições de campo deste estudo. O teste constitui um recurso de auxílio diagnóstico, podendo servir como triagem pela sua rapidez e facilidade de aplicação durante o exame em bovinos.(AU)

The glutaraldehyde test and its use in dairy cattle / O teste do glutaraldeído e seu uso em bovinos de leite

During a physical examination of cattle, it is often difficult to evaluate inflammatory processes, particularly in cases where the inflammation occurs in deeper regions. The glutaraldehyde test (GT), carried out using a sample of whole blood, allows the visual and semiquantitative identification of an inflammatory process in cattle. Considering that there are few biochemical tests that can be used in the field, the objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of the GT in detecting and predicting mild and severe inflammatory processes in bovine species, classified according to a physical examination, and in the presence of different diseases or lesions. The GT was used in conjunction with a physical examination in 176 cows over 12 months of age, with additional laboratory evaluations of packed cell volume, total protein, albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen. Using a cutoff point at 3 minutes of coagulation, the GT showed a sensitivity of 35.1%, specificity of 94.1%, positive predictive value of 74.1%, and negative predictive value of 75.2%. The GT correctly detected the most severe inflammatory processes under the field conditions of this study. The GT is a diagnostic aid that can be used as a fast and simple screening test during the physical examination of cattle.

Processos inflamatórios em bovinos, principalmente quando ocorrem em regiões mais profundas, são difíceis de avaliar no exame físico. O teste de glutaraldeído (TG), realizado com uma amostra de sangue total, possibilita a identificação visual e semiquantitativa de um processo inflamatório no bovino. Ao considerar que existem poucos testes bioquímicos passíveis de aplicação a campo, esse estudo objetivou verificar a eficácia do TG em detectar e predizer os processos inflamatórios leve e grave classificados conforme o exame físico e na presença de diferentes doenças ou lesões na espécie bovina. O TG foi aplicado juntamente com o exame físico em 176 fêmeas bovinas acima de 12 meses, além da avaliação laboratorial do volume globular, proteína total, albumina, globulina e fibrinogênio. O TG obteve sensibilidade de 35,1 %, especificidade de 94,1 %, valor preditivo positivo de 74,1 % e valor preditivo negativo de 74,2 % com o ponto de corte em 3 minutos de tempo de coagulação. O TG foi capaz de detectar corretamente os processos inflamatórios mais graves nas condições de campo deste estudo. O teste constitui um recurso de auxílio diagnóstico, podendo servir como triagem pela sua rapidez e facilidade de aplicação durante o exame em bovinos.

PVA-Glutaraldehyde as support for lectin immobilization and affinity chromatography / PVA-Glutaraldeído como suporte para imobilização de lectina e cromatografia de afinidade

Immobilized lectins are a powerful biotechnological tool for separation and isolation of glycoconjugates. In the present study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were used as a support for Concanavalin A (Con A) covalent immobilization and for entrapment of Parkia pendula seed gum (PpeG). Con A immobilization yielded approximately 30% and 0.6 M glucose solution was the minimum concentration able to elute fetuin from column. PVA-GA-PpeG column was efficiently recognized by pure P. pendula lectin (PpeL). These findings indicate that PVA-GA interpenetrated network showed to be an efficient support for lectin covalent immobilization and as affinity chromatography matrix after trapping of PpeG.(AU)

Lectinas imobilizadas são uma poderosa ferramenta biotecnológica para a separação e isolamento de glicoconjugados. No presente trabalho álcool polivinílico (PVA) e glutaraldeído (GA) foram utilizados como um suporte para a imobilização covalente da Concanavalina A (Con A) e para aprisionamento da goma de semente de Parkia pendula (PpeG). A eficiência da imobilização da Con A foi aproximadamente 30 % e a concentração mínima de glucose capaz de eluir a fetuína da coluna foi 0,6 M. Coluna de PVA - GA - PpeG foi eficientemente reconhecida pela lectina de P. pendula (PpeL) pura. Estes resultados indicam que a rede interpenetrada de PVA-GA mostrou-se um suporte eficiente para a imobilização covalente de lectina e como matriz de cromatografia de afinidade após aprisionamento de PpeG.(AU)

Pathological features of bovine pericardium implanted into mice abdominal wall after preservation with glutaraldehyde or glycerin / Aspectos patológicos do implante de pericárdio bovino tratado pelo glutaraldeído e pela glicerina em parede abdominal de camundongos

Background: Lately, the use of biological materials has been widely indicated in surgical procedures to restore structure and function of injured tissues. Bioimplants require different conservation techniques; among these, glutaraldehyde preservation stands out owing to its higher antimicrobial efficiency as compared to glycerin. In view of the need to determine a concentration of glutaraldehyde that can act as a biocide but do not cause undesirable tissue reactions, this study aimed to identify and quantify gross and microscopic tissue alterations after implantation of bovine pericardium, which was preserved in various concentrations of glutaraldehyde, in the abdominal wall of mice. Materials, Methods & Results: Fresh pericardia from 18 bovines were fractioned into 1cm2 samples and treated with a 98% glycerin solution for 30 days (control group), or 0.625%, 1%, and 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution for 18 days (experimental groups). An abdominal muscle fragment was excised from each mouse, and a 1-cm2 fragment of preserved pericardium was implanted in the area. Sixty mice (n = 15 per treatment) divided into groups were observed for 7, 14, and 30 days, and five animals from each group were euthanized at each time point for gross and microscopic examination. Fragments of the implants and adjacent skin lesions were harvested, fixed in formalin, and processed for routine histology [...](AU)

Pathological features of bovine pericardium implanted into mice abdominal wall after preservation with glutaraldehyde or glycerin / Aspectos patológicos do implante de pericárdio bovino tratado pelo glutaraldeído e pela glicerina em parede abdominal de camundongos

Background: Lately, the use of biological materials has been widely indicated in surgical procedures to restore structure and function of injured tissues. Bioimplants require different conservation techniques; among these, glutaraldehyde preservation stands out owing to its higher antimicrobial efficiency as compared to glycerin. In view of the need to determine a concentration of glutaraldehyde that can act as a biocide but do not cause undesirable tissue reactions, this study aimed to identify and quantify gross and microscopic tissue alterations after implantation of bovine pericardium, which was preserved in various concentrations of glutaraldehyde, in the abdominal wall of mice. Materials, Methods & Results: Fresh pericardia from 18 bovines were fractioned into 1cm2 samples and treated with a 98% glycerin solution for 30 days (control group), or 0.625%, 1%, and 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution for 18 days (experimental groups). An abdominal muscle fragment was excised from each mouse, and a 1-cm2 fragment of preserved pericardium was implanted in the area. Sixty mice (n = 15 per treatment) divided into groups were observed for 7, 14, and 30 days, and five animals from each group were euthanized at each time point for gross and microscopic examination. Fragments of the implants and adjacent skin lesions were harvested, fixed in formalin, and processed for routine histology [...]