Immunomodulatory effects of Blaps rynchopetera extract

Purpose: To explore the potential immunomodulatory effects of total extract and different polar parts from Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire. Methods: Phagocytic activity was evaluated by neutral red assay, and the effect of the immune function was investigated by normal and immunocompromised mice models. Results: In vitro, total extract, as well as chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions could individually enhance the phagocytic ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages; in addition, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions had an increasing tendency when combined stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) could enhance the immune organ index, increase the serum hemolysin level and peripheral blood immune cells of immunocompromised mice, while for normal mice, the effect was inconspicuous. Conclusions: Blaps rynchopetera extracts had noteworthy immunomodulatory effect, especially for individuals with immune disorders.

Integrative approach to a patient following rumenotomy - case report / [Abordagem integrativa ao paciente submetido à ruminotomia - relato de caso]

Concern with antimicrobial resistance in animal production systems increases the interest toward integrative therapies. The objective of the present report was to report an integrative approach to a goat undergoing rumenotomy. A goat with ruminal acidosis underwent rumenotomy, corrective rumen suture, moxibustion, and treatment of the surgical wound (TFO) with sugar. In the first twenty days, acupuncture was performed on ST36, indirect moxibustion on Sp6 and CV8, and TFO with antibiotic ointment and sugar. The wound contracted 2cm, there was gradual return of ruminal dynamics, and moderate pain. Acupuncture continued from D21 to D50 on Yin tang, BL13, BL20, BL23, and BL22. Although there was drainage of ruminal fluid, the wound contracted 4cm during this period, pain was absent, and ruminal dynamics normal. During the last thirty days, the acupuncture technique surround the dragon was used and BL13 point needled, with complete closure of the wound. The TFO from D21 was performed solely with sugar. During treatment, there was modulation of the inflammatory response, with formation of granulation tissue and neovascularization. On D84, fibrinogen was 100mg/dL. The authors conclude that the use of sugar, acupuncture, and moxibustion contributed to return of normal ruminal motility, wound contraction, and complete tissue reepithelization.(AU)

A preocupação com a resistência antimicrobiana nos sistemas de produção animal aumenta o interesse pelas terapias integrativas. Objetiva-se relatar a abordagem integrativa ao paciente caprino submetido à ruminotomia. Uma cabra com acidose ruminal foi submetida à ruminotomia, ruminorrafia, moxabustão, acupuntura e tratamento da ferida operatória (TFO) com açúcar. Nos primeiros vinte dias realizou-se acupuntura em ST36, moxa indireta em Sp6 e CV8, TFO com pomada antibiótica e açúcar. A ferida contraiu 2cm, houve retorno gradual da dinâmica ruminal e dor moderada. A acupuntura continuou de D21 a D50 em Yin tang, BL13, BL20, BL23 e BL22. Apesar da ferida drenar fluido ruminal teve contração de 4cm nesse período, ausência de dor e retorno fisiológico da dinâmica ruminal. Nos últimos trinta dias foi realizada a técnica de acupuntura cercar o dragão e punturou-se o ponto BL13, com fechamento completo da ferida. O TFO a partir do D21 foi realizado somente com açúcar. Durante tratamento houve modulação da resposta inflamatória com formação de tecido de granulação e neoangiogênesse, o D84 revelou fibrinogênio 100mg/dL. Conclui-se que a utilização do açúcar, acupuntura e moxabustão contribuíram para o retorno fisiológico da motilidade ruminal, contração da ferida e completa reepitelização tecidual.(AU)

Morphological features of the acupuncture points of bladder meridian in the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Background: The acupuncture points are considered a point in the skin of sensitivity to stimulation. The acupuncture meridians represent the communication between acupuncture points and internal organs. The giant anteater (Mirmecophaga tridactyla) is routinely attended in veterinary centers, and is pivotal to know its morphology and therapies such as acupuncture that, probably, can be used in medical practice. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological substrate in regions that correspond to the transposition of acupuncture points of the Bladder Meridian using radiography, ultrasonography, electrical impedance and histology in the giant anteater. Materials, Methods & Results: Seven giant anteaters (six males and one female) were used. The animals were from the Center of Medicine and Research in Wild Animals (CEMPAS), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo. The acupoints of Bladder Meridian evaluated were Bladder 11 (B-11), Bladder 18 (B-18), Bladder 23 (B-23), Bladder 25 (B-25), and Bladder 28 (B-28). The locations of the acupoints were transposed based on the location of these acupuncture points in dogs. Four animals were live and were used for radiographic, ultrasonographic, and electrical impedance analysis. Three animals were died and the fragments of this acupoints were destined to histological routine with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson’s Trichrome stains. The giant anteaters studied had fifteen thoracic vertebrae, three lumbar vertebrae, and five sacral vertebrae fused in a single bone. The acupuncture points were characterized by presence of abundant connective tissue at the superficial and intermuscular level, muscular fascia, and many neurovascular bundles in the dermal layer. These bundles consisted of nerves...

Electroacupuncture stimulation using different frequencies (10 and 100 Hz) changes the energy metabolism in induced hyperglycemic rats / Eletroacupuntura usando diferentes freqüências (10 e 100 Hz) altera o metabolismo energético em ratos hiperglicêmicos induzidos

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of 10 and 100 Hz peripheral electro-estimulation (electroacupuncture, EAc) at Zusanli (ST-36) and Zhongwan (CV-12) acupoints on blood glucose and lactate levels and tissue (liver and kidney) concentrations of lactate in hyperglycemic induced anesthetized rats. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=12): G1: basal (anesthesia: ketamine (90mg kg-1 body weight)+ xylazine (10mg/kg-1 body weight, i.p.); G2: anesthesia+EA10Hz EAc and G3: anesthesia+EA100Hz EAc). EAc stimulation was delivered for 30 min at 10 mA at selected acupoints. Blood and tissue (kidney, liver) samples were collected at the end of the EAc application (n=6, T30) and 30 minutes later (n=6, T60) for biochemical analysis. G1 samples were collected at the same timepoints. ANOVA followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Glycemia decreased significantly (p<0.001) in G2/G3 rats in all timepoints. Kidney and liver lactate concentrations decreased significantly (p>0.001) in G2/G3 rats at T-60 and at T30 timepoints in G2 compared with G1 rats. Lactacedemia decreased significantly at T30 timepoint in G2 compared with G1 rats. G1/G3 tissue lactate levels were not different. CONCLUSIONS: Electroacupuncture (10 Hz) applied to St-36 and CV-12 acupoints decreases glycemia and lactacedemia and liver and kidney lactate concentrations. We hypothesize that the decrease in lactate levels may be related to greater energy production due to enhanced lactate to pyruvate conversion. Higher frequency (100 Hz) failed to promote the same effect.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito da eletroacupuntura (10-100 Hz) aplicada nos acupontos Zusanli (ST-36) e Zhongwan (CV-12) sobre a glicemia, lactacedemia e concentrações de lactato no fígado/rim em ratos anestesiados. MÉTODOS: Trinta e seis ratos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos (n= 12): G1: basal (anestesia: cetamina (90mg kg-1)+xilazina (10mg/kg-1, ip), G2: anestesia+10Hz EAc e G3: anestesia+100Hz EAc). EAc foi aplicada por 30 min (10 mA) em acupontos selecionados. Amostras de sangue e tecidos (rim, fígado) foram coletadas no final da aplicação da EAc (n=6, T30) e 30 minutos depois (n=6, T60) para análise bioquímica. Amostras de G1 foram coletadas nos mesmos tempos (T30 e T60). ANOVA seguido pelo teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey foi utilizado para análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: A glicemia diminuiu significativamente (p<0,001) nos grupos G2/G3 em todos os pontos temporais. As concentrações de lactato nos rins e no fígado diminuiu significativamente (p<0,001) nos ratos G2/G3 ratos no T-60 e no T30 no G2, comparados com ratos G1. Lactacedemia diminuiu significativamente no T30 no G2 comparado com G1. Os níveis de lactato tecidual não foram diferentes comparando os grupos G1/G3. CONCLUSÕES: Eletroacupuntura (10 Hz) aplicada aos acupontos ST-36 e CV-12 reduz a glicemia e lactacedemia bem como as concentrações de lactato no fígado e nos rins. Nossa hipótese é que a diminuição dos níveis de lactato possa estar relacionada à maior produção de energia devido ao aumento de conversão de lactato para piruvato. A utilização de uma freqüência mais alta (100 Hz) não produz o mesmo efeito.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo de 1137 animais submetidos à acupuntura na FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu-SP / Retrospective study of 1137 cases submmited to acupuncture at FMVZ-UNESP-Botucatu-SP

As evidências da eficácia e da relação custo-benefício de uma terapia são obtidas com estudos primários descritivos, analíticos retrospectivos e prospectivos. Este trabalho mostra o levantamento retrospectivo de casos clínicos do ambulatório de Acupuntura Veterinária do Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária (DCAV) - FMVZ - UNESP - Botucatu, durante o período de 1998 a 2009, totalizando 1.137 prontuários. Foram avaliados a eficácia da acupuntura, a evolução clínica, a necessidade ou não de terapêuticas complementares à acupuntura e o perfil do paciente atendido. Os pacientes atendidos apresentaram distúrbios comprometendo principalmente os sistemas neurológico e musculoesquelético. Esses pacientes são, em sua maioria, da espécie canina e portadores de doença crônica ou doenças de baixa resposta à terapêutica usual (alopatia). E essa prevalência provavelmente se deve à eficácia da acupuntura no tratamento de doença do disco intervertebral. A prevalência de alterações neurológicas pode se dever ao fato de que estes casos não responderam de forma satisfatória ao tratamento farmacológico. O baixo índice de adesão ao tratamento com acupuntura pode estar associado ao tipo de paciente encaminhado, em sua maioria os que não se beneficiaram do tratamento farmacológico ou cirúrgico preconizado. Quase a metade (47%) dos casos atendidos apresentaram como primeira opção a acupuntura.

The evidences of efficiency and the relation of cost-benefit of therapy are obtained with revisions developed from primary studies, which includes descriptive, analytical, retrospective and prospective. This is a retrospective survey from the Acupuncture Clinic from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil from 1998 to 2009. Acupuncture efficacy, clinical evolution, the need or not of complementary therapies to acupuncture and the patient profile were evaluated in 1137 clinical charts. The main diseases presented by attended patients involve neurological and musculoskeletal problems. The majority of the patients are dogs and presents chronic diseases or low-response to usual therapies (allopathic). This prevalence is probably due to acupuncture efficacy in disc disease. The poor compliance to acupuncture treatment can be related the patient profile: animals that did not benefit from pharmacological or surgical recommended procedures. Acupuncture was the first choice for almost half (47%) of the patients.