Craniosquise with meningocelis in newborn calf

Background: Cranioschisis is a malformation that occurs during embryological development and results in incomplete closure of the skull, leaving an opening through which the intracranial tissue can project. Meningocele consists of herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through the cranial defect. In cattle, this association usually manifested by the appearance of a floating saccular protrusion of variable size and volume in the frontal or parietal region of the cranium. This manuscript aims to report a case of cranioschisis associated with meningocele and neurological deficit in a newborn calf in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. Case: A 2-day-old crossbred female calf was diagnosed with cranioschisis associated with meningocele in the frontal region of the head. On initial clinical examination, an ovoid mass with floating appearance was observed, extending from the supraorbital curvature of the frontal bone to the end of the nasal bones following the midline. The patient had normal parameters for the species and age and a positive sucking reflex. Neurological examination showed permanent lateral decubitus position, spastic paresis of the thoracic limbs and opisthotonus. Complementary imaging studies, including xrays and ultrasonography, showed a failure in the frontal bone, approximately 5 cm in diameter. Despite the unfavorable prognosis, surgical reduction was chosen. After drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, excision of the meningeal sac was continuously performed, exposing the subarachnoid space, showing circular failure in the frontal bone with a diameter of 4.5 cm, making it possible to observe part of the right frontal lobe. We opted for occlusion of the bone defect by covering it with the dura mater. Absorbable 0 catgut suture was applied in a simple...(AU)

Craniosquise with meningocelis in newborn calf

Background: Cranioschisis is a malformation that occurs during embryological development and results in incomplete closure of the skull, leaving an opening through which the intracranial tissue can project. Meningocele consists of herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through the cranial defect. In cattle, this association usually manifested by the appearance of a floating saccular protrusion of variable size and volume in the frontal or parietal region of the cranium. This manuscript aims to report a case of cranioschisis associated with meningocele and neurological deficit in a newborn calf in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. Case: A 2-day-old crossbred female calf was diagnosed with cranioschisis associated with meningocele in the frontal region of the head. On initial clinical examination, an ovoid mass with floating appearance was observed, extending from the supraorbital curvature of the frontal bone to the end of the nasal bones following the midline. The patient had normal parameters for the species and age and a positive sucking reflex. Neurological examination showed permanent lateral decubitus position, spastic paresis of the thoracic limbs and opisthotonus. Complementary imaging studies, including xrays and ultrasonography, showed a failure in the frontal bone, approximately 5 cm in diameter. Despite the unfavorable prognosis, surgical reduction was chosen. After drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, excision of the meningeal sac was continuously performed, exposing the subarachnoid space, showing circular failure in the frontal bone with a diameter of 4.5 cm, making it possible to observe part of the right frontal lobe. We opted for occlusion of the bone defect by covering it with the dura mater. Absorbable 0 catgut suture was applied in a simple...

Meningocele e meningoencefalocele em leitões: aspectos patológicos e de imagem / Meningocele and meningoencephalocele in piglets: pathologic and imaging aspects

Background: Meningocele and meningoencephalocele are rare congenital deformities characterized by herniation of the meninges and of the meninges and brain tissue through a bone defect in the skull (cranioschisis), respectively. Descriptions of these malformations in pigs are scarce in the international literature and non-existent in Brazil, with only one case of cranioschisis with brain exposure (without protrusion of the meninges and covered by skin) reported to date. Here, we report a case of meningocele and another of meningoencephalocele in piglets in the state of Bahia and describe the main related anatomopathological and imaging characteristics (radiographic and ultrasonographic). Case: The congenital malformations occurred in newborn piglets from a farm located in the city of Catu, Bahia, Brazil, which presented with an evident large saccular area positioned dorsally to the head. The animals died 48 h after birth and were referred to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Bahia, for the studies and diagnostic conclusion. Postmortem ultrasound examinations showed that the region was filled with fluid and associated with a small brain protrusion in case 1 and a defect in the skull bone, which had its orifice dimensions estimated. Despite the superimposition of structures, the skull malformation was identified on radiographic examination (case 1) and measured on ultrasonographic examination (cases 1 and 2). During necropsy, the piglets presented with a marked marked bulge of saccular appearance under the skin in the frontal region. The saccular formation was floating, internally covered by dura mater and filled with reddish serous liquid (liquor). Discussion: The diagnoses of meningoencephalocele and...

Meningocele e meningoencefalocele em leitões: aspectos patológicos e de imagem / Meningocele and meningoencephalocele in piglets: pathologic and imaging aspects

Background: Meningocele and meningoencephalocele are rare congenital deformities characterized by herniation of the meninges and of the meninges and brain tissue through a bone defect in the skull (cranioschisis), respectively. Descriptions of these malformations in pigs are scarce in the international literature and non-existent in Brazil, with only one case of cranioschisis with brain exposure (without protrusion of the meninges and covered by skin) reported to date. Here, we report a case of meningocele and another of meningoencephalocele in piglets in the state of Bahia and describe the main related anatomopathological and imaging characteristics (radiographic and ultrasonographic). Case: The congenital malformations occurred in newborn piglets from a farm located in the city of Catu, Bahia, Brazil, which presented with an evident large saccular area positioned dorsally to the head. The animals died 48 h after birth and were referred to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Bahia, for the studies and diagnostic conclusion. Postmortem ultrasound examinations showed that the region was filled with fluid and associated with a small brain protrusion in case 1 and a defect in the skull bone, which had its orifice dimensions estimated. Despite the superimposition of structures, the skull malformation was identified on radiographic examination (case 1) and measured on ultrasonographic examination (cases 1 and 2). During necropsy, the piglets presented with a marked marked bulge of saccular appearance under the skin in the frontal region. The saccular formation was floating, internally covered by dura mater and filled with reddish serous liquid (liquor). Discussion: The diagnoses of meningoencephalocele and...(AU)

Mature intracranial teratoma with meningocele in a lamb / Teratoma intracraniano benigno com meningocele em um cordeiro

This study described the pathological aspects of a mature intracranial teratoma with meningocele in a one-day-old lamb. The diagnosis of mature teratoma was based on microscopic features, where well-differentiated tissues representative of the three germ layers were observed. The tumor consisted of respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary epithelium as components of the endoderm; muscle and bone tissues as components of the mesoderm; and keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and adnexa as components of the ectoderm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of intracranial teratoma with meningocele in animals.(AU)

Descrevem-se os aspectos patológicos de um teratoma intracraniano benigno com meningocele em um cordeiro de um dia de idade. O diagnóstico de teratoma benigno foi baseado nos achados histopatológicos, com tecidos representativos das três camadas germinativas. O tumor consistia de epitélio respiratório, gastrintestinal e urinário como componentes do endoderma; tecido muscular e ósseo do mesoderma; e epitélio escamoso estratificado queratinizado e anexos como componentes do ectoderma. Com base no conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de teratoma intracraniano com meningocele em animais.(AU)

Cranioplasty for repair of cranioschisis associated with meningocele in a Jersey calf / Cranioplastia para o tratamento de craniosquise associada à meningocele em uma bezerra da raça Jersey / Craneoplastia para el tratamiento de craneosquisis asociada a meningocele en una becerra de la raza Jersey

Cranioschisis with meningocele at the parietal region was diagnosed in a 2-day-old calf. At presentation the animal was standing, attentive and had normal suckling reflex. However, an ovoid, soft, slightly lateral, bladder-like mass was observed extending from the intercornual protuberance to the insertion of the nuchal ligament. Physical examination and radiographs evidenced a deformity of the parietal bone and cranioplasty using a cartilage homograft was performed in an attempt to correct the bone defect. The calf did well postoperatively until day nine. However apathy and seizures were present from day 13 leading to death on day 15.

Foi diagnosticado craniosquise com meningocele na região parietal de uma bezerra de dois dias de idade. Na abordagem clínica inicial o animal estava em estação, atento e mamando normalmente. Porém, foi detectada à palpação uma massa ovoide, macia e levemente lateral, estendendo-se desde a protuberância intercornual até a inserção do ligamento da nuca. O exame físico e as radiografias evidenciaram um defeito do osso parietal pelo que foi realizada cranioplastia utilizando um enxerto homólogo de cartilagem na tentativa de corrigir a falha óssea. O animal teve evolução pós-operatória favorável até o dia nove. Entretanto, apresentou apatia e convulsões a partir do dia 13, o que o levou a óbito no dia 15 após a cirurgia.

Fue diagnosticada craneosquisis con meningocele en la región parietal de una becerra de dos días de edad. Durante el abordaje clínico el animal se encontraba en cuadripedestación, atento y mamando normalmente. Sin embargo, se detectó una masa ovalada, de consistencia suave y lateralizada, que se extendía desde la protuberancia intercornual hasta la inserción del ligamento nucal. El examen fisico y las radiografias permitieron la identificación de una falla en el hueso parietal por lo que fue realizada la craneoplastia utilizando un injerto homólogo de cartílago con la finalidad de corregir el defecto. El animal evolucionó favorablemente hasta el noveno día. Sin embargo, a partir del día 13 presentó apatía y convulsiones lo que provocó su muerte 15 días después de la cirugía.