Tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) nasal em cães / Nasal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in dogs

Background: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are naturally occurring neoplasms that can be transmitted throughcopulation or cell transplantation. It is a disease that affects canines, has no preference for sex or breed, and generallynoticed in the external genital apparatus. Extragenital occurrence may eventually be seen; however, nasal involvementhas been described in only a few reports of studies conducted in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report3 cases of nasal TVT in dogs who were treated in 2 municipalities in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: This case report includes 3 male mixed-breed canines of age 3-13. Only 1 of the animals was castrated. As per themedical history, some points, such as an enlarged nasal region, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hoarseness, reported by thedogs’ respective owners were similar among all the dogs. Likewise, nosebleed was observed on physical examination inall the cases. The result of cytological examination was inconclusive only in 1 case. Rhinoscopy, incisional biopsy, andhistopathological examination were then performed for achieving a definitive diagnosis. In the 2 cases wherein cytologygave conclusive results, the cytological smears showed changes suggestive of TVT, such as cells with eccentric nuclei andlittle cytoplasm, which had vacuoles inside them. In 2 cases, radiographic examinations of the skull were also performed.The images showed changes in bone radiopacity, conformation of trabeculae with areas of bone lysis and cell proliferation,and irregularity in the contour of the nasal bone. After TVT diagnosis was confirmed, chemotherapy was initiated usingvincristine at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 for 2 cases and 0.025 mg/kg for the remaining case...

Tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) nasal em cães / Nasal transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in dogs

Background: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are naturally occurring neoplasms that can be transmitted throughcopulation or cell transplantation. It is a disease that affects canines, has no preference for sex or breed, and generallynoticed in the external genital apparatus. Extragenital occurrence may eventually be seen; however, nasal involvementhas been described in only a few reports of studies conducted in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report3 cases of nasal TVT in dogs who were treated in 2 municipalities in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: This case report includes 3 male mixed-breed canines of age 3-13. Only 1 of the animals was castrated. As per themedical history, some points, such as an enlarged nasal region, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hoarseness, reported by thedogs respective owners were similar among all the dogs. Likewise, nosebleed was observed on physical examination inall the cases. The result of cytological examination was inconclusive only in 1 case. Rhinoscopy, incisional biopsy, andhistopathological examination were then performed for achieving a definitive diagnosis. In the 2 cases wherein cytologygave conclusive results, the cytological smears showed changes suggestive of TVT, such as cells with eccentric nuclei andlittle cytoplasm, which had vacuoles inside them. In 2 cases, radiographic examinations of the skull were also performed.The images showed changes in bone radiopacity, conformation of trabeculae with areas of bone lysis and cell proliferation,and irregularity in the contour of the nasal bone. After TVT diagnosis was confirmed, chemotherapy was initiated usingvincristine at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 for 2 cases and 0.025 mg/kg for the remaining case...(AU)

Síndrome braquicefálica – estenose de narinas em cão / Brachycephalic syndrome – nostril stenosis in dog

Frequentemente observado em raças braquicefálicas, a estenose de narinas pode ocasionar importantes alterações secundárias. O fluxo aéreo para o interior da cavidade nasal fica restrito e torna-se necessário um esforço inspiratório maior, causando dispneia leve à intensa. A síndrome braquicefálica refere-se a uma combinação de estenose de narinas, alongamento de palato mole e eversão de sacos laringianos, comumente observadas nestas raças. Estes animais exibem sinais de obstrução de via aérea superior decorrente de anormalidades anatômicas e funcionais. A afecção afeta qualquer sexo e mais comumente em cães que em gatos. Apresentam respiração difícil e ruidosa, intolerância ao exercício, cianose e sono inquieto. O diagnóstico deve ser feito através do exame físico. Deve-se avaliar radiografias torácicas para detectar anormalidades cardíacas ou pulmonares subjacentes. Para aliviar os sinais, exige-se o tratamento cirúrgico das narinas estenosadas. Animais com obstrução respiratória superior constituem riscos anestésicos e pós-operatórios.

Frequently observed in brachycephalic breeds, the nostril stenosis may cause relevant secondary disturbance. Theair flow to the nasal cavity becomes limited, obligating to an extra inspiratory effort, causing light to intense dyspneia. The brachycephalic syndrome is a combination of a nostril stenosis, soft palate enlargement and laryngeal eversion, frequently observed in brachycephalic animals. Signs of obstruction of the upper aerial ducts are consequence of anatomical and functional disturbances. Both sexes are affected and dogs are more susceptible than cats. With difficult and noisy breeding, the affected animals are intolerant to physical exercise, showing cyanosis and an agitated sleeping. The diagnosis is possible by physical examination, discarding cardio-pulmonary abnormalities by means radiography. For symptoms release, the surgical treatment of the nostrils, to reduce the stenosis, is indicated. Nevertheless, the respiratory obstruction is a risk factor during the anesthesia and post-surgery period.

Síndrome braquicefálica estenose de narinas em cão / Brachycephalic syndrome nostril stenosis in dog

Frequentemente observado em raças braquicefálicas, a estenose de narinas pode ocasionar importantes alterações secundárias. O fluxo aéreo para o interior da cavidade nasal fica restrito e torna-se necessário um esforço inspiratório maior, causando dispneia leve à intensa. A síndrome braquicefálica refere-se a uma combinação de estenose de narinas, alongamento de palato mole e eversão de sacos laringianos, comumente observadas nestas raças. Estes animais exibem sinais de obstrução de via aérea superior decorrente de anormalidades anatômicas e funcionais. A afecção afeta qualquer sexo e mais comumente em cães que em gatos. Apresentam respiração difícil e ruidosa, intolerância ao exercício, cianose e sono inquieto. O diagnóstico deve ser feito através do exame físico. Deve-se avaliar radiografias torácicas para detectar anormalidades cardíacas ou pulmonares subjacentes. Para aliviar os sinais, exige-se o tratamento cirúrgico das narinas estenosadas. Animais com obstrução respiratória superior constituem riscos anestésicos e pós-operatórios.(AU)

Frequently observed in brachycephalic breeds, the nostril stenosis may cause relevant secondary disturbance. Theair flow to the nasal cavity becomes limited, obligating to an extra inspiratory effort, causing light to intense dyspneia. The brachycephalic syndrome is a combination of a nostril stenosis, soft palate enlargement and laryngeal eversion, frequently observed in brachycephalic animals. Signs of obstruction of the upper aerial ducts are consequence of anatomical and functional disturbances. Both sexes are affected and dogs are more susceptible than cats. With difficult and noisy breeding, the affected animals are intolerant to physical exercise, showing cyanosis and an agitated sleeping. The diagnosis is possible by physical examination, discarding cardio-pulmonary abnormalities by means radiography. For symptoms release, the surgical treatment of the nostrils, to reduce the stenosis, is indicated. Nevertheless, the respiratory obstruction is a risk factor during the anesthesia and post-surgery period.(AU)