Oxidative damage and exocrine dysfunction of ovine fetal pancreas are induced by maternal nutritional restriction

This study investigated oxidative damage and exocrine dysfunction of fetal pancreas caused by maternal nutritional restriction. Eighteen ewes carrying singleton fetus were randomly divided into control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/BW0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.33 MJ ME/BW0.75/d, n = 6), and restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.18 MJ ME/BW0.75/d, n = 6) at d 90 of pregnancy. Maternal undernutrition was imposed from d 90 to 140 of pregnancy. At 140 d of gestation, fetal blood and pancreas tissue were collected to determine fetal pancreatic extracellular matrix, antioxidant capacity, and indicators of exocrine dysfunction. With the decrease of maternal nutrition, the fetal body weight, pancreatic weight, and DNA content were reduced in RG2 compared with CG, and increased and thickened collagen fibers were observed in RG2. Fetuses in RG2 exhibited increased collagen 3 (COL3) and fibronectin (FN) levels relative to CG, and the COL1:COL3 ratio was lower than that of the CG. For RG1, we found increased COL3 compared with CG. Malondialdehyde, serum amylase, and serum lipase in fetal pancreas in RG2 increased, but the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) decreased compared with the CG. The impaired ovine fetal pancreas growth, antioxidant imbalance, and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction are induced by maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy.

Pancreatic multifocal necrosis in female cat: case report / Necrose multifocal pancreática em gata: relato de caso

Pancreatitis is the inflammatory process of the exocrine pancreas, with necrosis and fibrosis as the main structural alterations. Felines may present the acute and chronic forms of the disease. A domestic, female, undefined feline (srd) was taken to a Private Veterinary Hospital in the city of Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. The animal had signs of apathy, prostration, inappetence, anorexia and bilateral exposure of the third eyelid. After the physical examination, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical exams. Abdominal ultrasonography was also requested, where reverberation was detected in the region of the intestinal loop, hyperechogenicity of the duodenal wall and reverberation of the pancreas. According to the results of the blood tests and ultrasonographic findings, we opted for exploratory laparotomy. During the surgical procedure a pancreatic fragment was collected for histopathological analysis. The histopathologic result was compatible with moderate multifocal pancreatic necrosis. Therefore, was instituted antibiotic therapy with Enrofloxacin (5 mg / kg, BID, IM for 5 days), analgesia with Tramadol Hydrochloride (2 mg/kg, BID, IV for 4 days) and Betamethasone (0.3 mg/kg, SID, IV). After the beginning of treatment with corticosteroid, the animal began to improve and eat. Many cases are diagnosed as acute or chronic pancreatitis only due to changes in pancreatic enzymes and ultrasonographic changes in the pancreas, using histopathological examination, which is a more instructive technique. It is very likely that pancreatic necrosis is not a pathology of low incidence, but rather poorly diagnosed due to difficulties in performing a biopsy.

A pancreatite é o processo inflamatório do pâncreas exócrino, tendo a necrose e a fibrose como principais alterações estruturais. Felinos podem apresentar as formas aguda e crônica da doença. Foi levado a um Hospital Veterinário Particular na cidade de Guarulhos, estado de São Paulo, um felino doméstico, fêmea, sem raça definida (srd). O animal apresentava sinais de apatia, prostração, inapetência, anorexia e exposição bilateral da terceira pálpebra. Após o exame físico, foi feita coleta de sangue para realização de exames hematológicos e bioquímicos. Foram solicitados ainda ultrassonografia abdominal, onde foi detectada reverberação em região de alça intestinal, hiperecogenicidade de parede duodenal e reverberação de pâncreas. De acordo com os resultados dos exames de sangue e os achados ultrassonográficos, optou-se pela laparotomia exploratória. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi coletado um fragmento pancreático para análise histopatológica. O resultado do histopatológico foi compatível com necrose pancreática multifocal moderada. Sendo assim, foi instituída antibióticoterapia com Enrofloxacina (5 mg/kg, BID, IM, durante 5 dias), analgesia com Cloridrato de Tramadol (2 mg/kg, BID, IV, durante 4 dias) e Betametasona (0,3 mg/kg, SID, IV). Após o início do tratamento com corticosteróide, o animal começou a apresentar melhora, voltando a se alimentar. Muitos casos são diagnosticados como pancreatite aguda ou crônica apenas por conta das alterações em enzimas pancreáticas e alterações ultrassonográficas em pâncreas, lançando mão do exame histopatológico, que é uma técnica mais elucidativa. Muito provável que a necrose pancreática não seja uma patologia de baixa incidência, e sim, pouco diagnosticada, devido às dificuldades em se realizar biópsia.

Pancreatic multifocal necrosis in female cat: case report / Necrose multifocal pancreática em gata: relato de caso

Pancreatitis is the inflammatory process of the exocrine pancreas, with necrosis and fibrosis as the main structural alterations. Felines may present the acute and chronic forms of the disease. A domestic, female, undefined feline (srd) was taken to a Private Veterinary Hospital in the city of Guarulhos, state of São Paulo. The animal had signs of apathy, prostration, inappetence, anorexia and bilateral exposure of the third eyelid. After the physical examination, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical exams. Abdominal ultrasonography was also requested, where reverberation was detected in the region of the intestinal loop, hyperechogenicity of the duodenal wall and reverberation of the pancreas. According to the results of the blood tests and ultrasonographic findings, we opted for exploratory laparotomy. During the surgical procedure a pancreatic fragment was collected for histopathological analysis. The histopathologic result was compatible with moderate multifocal pancreatic necrosis. Therefore, was instituted antibiotic therapy with Enrofloxacin (5 mg / kg, BID, IM for 5 days), analgesia with Tramadol Hydrochloride (2 mg/kg, BID, IV for 4 days) and Betamethasone (0.3 mg/kg, SID, IV). After the beginning of treatment with corticosteroid, the animal began to improve and eat. Many cases are diagnosed as acute or chronic pancreatitis only due to changes in pancreatic enzymes and ultrasonographic changes in the pancreas, using histopathological examination, which is a more instructive technique. It is very likely that pancreatic necrosis is not a pathology of low incidence, but rather poorly diagnosed due to difficulties in performing a biopsy.(AU)

A pancreatite é o processo inflamatório do pâncreas exócrino, tendo a necrose e a fibrose como principais alterações estruturais. Felinos podem apresentar as formas aguda e crônica da doença. Foi levado a um Hospital Veterinário Particular na cidade de Guarulhos, estado de São Paulo, um felino doméstico, fêmea, sem raça definida (srd). O animal apresentava sinais de apatia, prostração, inapetência, anorexia e exposição bilateral da terceira pálpebra. Após o exame físico, foi feita coleta de sangue para realização de exames hematológicos e bioquímicos. Foram solicitados ainda ultrassonografia abdominal, onde foi detectada reverberação em região de alça intestinal, hiperecogenicidade de parede duodenal e reverberação de pâncreas. De acordo com os resultados dos exames de sangue e os achados ultrassonográficos, optou-se pela laparotomia exploratória. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi coletado um fragmento pancreático para análise histopatológica. O resultado do histopatológico foi compatível com necrose pancreática multifocal moderada. Sendo assim, foi instituída antibióticoterapia com Enrofloxacina (5 mg/kg, BID, IM, durante 5 dias), analgesia com Cloridrato de Tramadol (2 mg/kg, BID, IV, durante 4 dias) e Betametasona (0,3 mg/kg, SID, IV). Após o início do tratamento com corticosteróide, o animal começou a apresentar melhora, voltando a se alimentar. Muitos casos são diagnosticados como pancreatite aguda ou crônica apenas por conta das alterações em enzimas pancreáticas e alterações ultrassonográficas em pâncreas, lançando mão do exame histopatológico, que é uma técnica mais elucidativa. Muito provável que a necrose pancreática não seja uma patologia de baixa incidência, e sim, pouco diagnosticada, devido às dificuldades em se realizar biópsia.(AU)

Carcinoma indiferenciado de páncreas exocrino en perro: descripción de caso / Carcinoma indiferenciado de pâncreas exócrino em cão: relato de caso / Undifferentiated carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas in dog: case report

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir un caso de carcinoma de páncreas exocrino en un paciente canino, macho, raza Poodle de 10 años de edad. El motivo de la consulta fue orina oscura e ictericia. El animal presentaba sintomatología inespecífica junto con hallazgos físicos inconclusos. En ecografía abdominal se logró visualizar un nódulo en cuerpo de páncreas que fue confirmado bajo laparotomía exploratoria. El diagnóstico se corroboró con biopsia del tejido pancreático y marcación inmunohistoquímica. El tejido fue negativo para insulina, glucagón, somastatina y vimentina; y positivo para citoqueratina (AE1/AE3) y citoqueratina 19. El diagnóstico fue de carcinoma de páncreas exocrino. El paciente evidenció una respuesta clínica desfavorable que lo llevo a la muerte siete días después. En la necropsia se observó un notable cambio estructural en páncreas y evidencia de metástasis en órganos adyacentes no antes percibidos en la laparotomía demostrando así la agresividad de este tipo de tumor.(AU)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso de carcinoma de pâncreas exócrino em um paciente canino, macho, da raça Poodle de 10 anos de idade. A queixa principal foi de urina escura e ictericia. O animal apresentava sinais inespecíficos além de achados físicos inconclusivos. No ultrassom abdominal conseguiu-se observar um nódulo no corpo do pâncreas que foi confirmado na laparotomia exploratória. O diagnóstico foi feito por biopsia do tecido pancreático e marcação imuno-histoquímica. O tecido foi negativo para insulina, glucagon, somastatina e vimentina, e positivo para citoqueratina (AE1/AE2) e citoqueratina 19. O diagnóstico foi de carcinoma de pâncreas exócrino. O paciente desenvolveu uma resposta clínica desfavorável e foi a óbito após sete días da cirurgia. Na necropsia foi observada uma acentuada mudança estrutural no pâncreas como também evidencia de metástase em órgãos adjacentes não antes percebidos na laparotomia exploratória, demostrando assim, a agressividade deste tipo de tumor.(AU)

The aim of this article is to describe a case of carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas in a 10 year old, male, Poodle dog. The main complaint informed by the owner was dark urine and icterus. The animal was presented with an unspecified symptomatology and physical exam inconclusive. On abdominal ultrasound a nodule in the pancreas body was seen and confirmed under exploratory laparotomy. Final diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the tissue and immunohistochemistry evaluation. The tissue was negative for insulin, glucagon, somastatin and vimentin; and positive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and cytoqueratin 19. Final diagnosis was carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas. The dog had a poor clinical response and died after seven days post-surgery. On necropsy a remarkable structural change of pancreas and regional metastatic disease were revealed; these findings were not seen on previously exploratory surgery, describing the aggressiveness of this type of tumor.(AU)

Carcinoma indiferenciado de páncreas exocrino en perro: descripción de caso / Carcinoma indiferenciado de pâncreas exócrino em cão: relato de caso / Undifferentiated carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas in dog: case report

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir un caso de carcinoma de páncreas exocrino en un paciente canino, macho, raza Poodle de 10 años de edad. El motivo de la consulta fue orina oscura e ictericia. El animal presentaba sintomatología inespecífica junto con hallazgos físicos inconclusos. En ecografía abdominal se logró visualizar un nódulo en cuerpo de páncreas que fue confirmado bajo laparotomía exploratoria. El diagnóstico se corroboró con biopsia del tejido pancreático y marcación inmunohistoquímica. El tejido fue negativo para insulina, glucagón, somastatina y vimentina; y positivo para citoqueratina (AE1/AE3) y citoqueratina 19. El diagnóstico fue de carcinoma de páncreas exocrino. El paciente evidenció una respuesta clínica desfavorable que lo llevo a la muerte siete días después. En la necropsia se observó un notable cambio estructural en páncreas y evidencia de metástasis en órganos adyacentes no antes percibidos en la laparotomía demostrando así la agresividad de este tipo de tumor.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever um caso de carcinoma de pâncreas exócrino em um paciente canino, macho, da raça Poodle de 10 anos de idade. A queixa principal foi de urina escura e ictericia. O animal apresentava sinais inespecíficos além de achados físicos inconclusivos. No ultrassom abdominal conseguiu-se observar um nódulo no corpo do pâncreas que foi confirmado na laparotomia exploratória. O diagnóstico foi feito por biopsia do tecido pancreático e marcação imuno-histoquímica. O tecido foi negativo para insulina, glucagon, somastatina e vimentina, e positivo para citoqueratina (AE1/AE2) e citoqueratina 19. O diagnóstico foi de carcinoma de pâncreas exócrino. O paciente desenvolveu uma resposta clínica desfavorável e foi a óbito após sete días da cirurgia. Na necropsia foi observada uma acentuada mudança estrutural no pâncreas como também evidencia de metástase em órgãos adjacentes não antes percebidos na laparotomia exploratória, demostrando assim, a agressividade deste tipo de tumor.

The aim of this article is to describe a case of carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas in a 10 year old, male, Poodle dog. The main complaint informed by the owner was dark urine and icterus. The animal was presented with an unspecified symptomatology and physical exam inconclusive. On abdominal ultrasound a nodule in the pancreas body was seen and confirmed under exploratory laparotomy. Final diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the tissue and immunohistochemistry evaluation. The tissue was negative for insulin, glucagon, somastatin and vimentin; and positive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and cytoqueratin 19. Final diagnosis was carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas. The dog had a poor clinical response and died after seven days post-surgery. On necropsy a remarkable structural change of pancreas and regional metastatic disease were revealed; these findings were not seen on previously exploratory surgery, describing the aggressiveness of this type of tumor.

Exocrine pancreatic carcinoma with hypoglycemia in a dog / Carcinoma de pâncreas exócrino com hipoglicemia em um cão

Background: Primary pancreas neoplasms are rare, representing less than 0.5% of all veterinary tumors. They are highly aggressive, and most of the patients have unspecific clinical signs until diagnosis. Although the treatment of choice is surgical resection, only 15 to 20% of the patients may undergo surgery and be cured. Survival is variable after diagnosis, ranging from 4 to 10 months. Prognosis is poor due to the aggressiveness and advanced stage of the disease at the moment of diagnosis, and the weak response to all existing treatments. The objective of this study was to report a case of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in a dog with hypoglycemia. Case: The present study describes a clinical case of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in the Clínica Escola de Veterinária (CEVET) at UNICENTRO-PR. The patient was taken to the CEVET and the main complaint of the owner was a volume increase in the ventral thoracic region. During the physical examination, it was observed that this increased volume was a mammary tumor in the third gland of the right side of the body. The animal showed no other symptoms and the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic cancer was only possible because glucose levels in routine examination were below the normal reference value for the species (47 mg/dL). After the glycemic curve was determined, it was observed that glucose levels were below reference values, even [...]

Exocrine pancreatic carcinoma with hypoglycemia in a dog / Carcinoma de pâncreas exócrino com hipoglicemia em um cão

Background: Primary pancreas neoplasms are rare, representing less than 0.5% of all veterinary tumors. They are highly aggressive, and most of the patients have unspecific clinical signs until diagnosis. Although the treatment of choice is surgical resection, only 15 to 20% of the patients may undergo surgery and be cured. Survival is variable after diagnosis, ranging from 4 to 10 months. Prognosis is poor due to the aggressiveness and advanced stage of the disease at the moment of diagnosis, and the weak response to all existing treatments. The objective of this study was to report a case of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in a dog with hypoglycemia. Case: The present study describes a clinical case of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in the Clínica Escola de Veterinária (CEVET) at UNICENTRO-PR. The patient was taken to the CEVET and the main complaint of the owner was a volume increase in the ventral thoracic region. During the physical examination, it was observed that this increased volume was a mammary tumor in the third gland of the right side of the body. The animal showed no other symptoms and the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic cancer was only possible because glucose levels in routine examination were below the normal reference value for the species (47 mg/dL). After the glycemic curve was determined, it was observed that glucose levels were below reference values, even [...](AU)