The Role of ß-Mannanase (Hemicell) in Improving Poultry Productivity, Health and Environment

The poultry nutritionists constantly attempt to identify and alleviate the factors responsible for adverse effects on nutrient utilization and production performance in avian species, which are necessary for successful productivity of poultry. Enhanced feed utilization can reduce levels of some nutrients in the diet with concomitant mitigation in nutrient excretion into the environment, reduction of eutrophication and acidification potentials of excreta. Commercial enzymes have been used to improve feed efficiency and utilization in poultry. Among many anti-nutritional factors, the existence of ß-mannans in poultry feed ingredients including soybean and other leguminous seeds has been associated with negative effects on nutrient digestibility and high intestinal viscosity that adversely affects innate immunity and microbial proliferation in poultry gut. The ß-mannanase (a commercial product named as Hemicell) can hydrolyze ß-mannan, an anti-nutritional fiber present in many poultry feed ingredients. Supplement of ß-mannanase to ß-mannan-rich diets may boost the population of intestinal beneficial bacteria, increase the digestibility of mannans, enhance the immunity, suppresses the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients in intestinal tracts and reduce the environmental pollution due to poultry excreta. Supplementation of -mannanase at the level of 200 and 400 mg/kg in poultry diets has positively improved blood glucose and anabolic hormone homeostasis, FCR, digestible energy, and digestible amino acids. This review describes the promising beneficial effects of -mannanase, which may be used in the poultry feed industry for economic benefits. Another objective of this review is to explore the underlying mechanisms of ß-mannanase that can influence growth, digestion coefficients of nutrients, health and metabolism of nutrients in poultry birds and also the knowledge regarding the useful application of this feed enzyme in the commercial poultry feed industry.(AU)

The Role of ß-Mannanase (Hemicell) in Improving Poultry Productivity, Health and Environment

The poultry nutritionists constantly attempt to identify and alleviate the factors responsible for adverse effects on nutrient utilization and production performance in avian species, which are necessary for successful productivity of poultry. Enhanced feed utilization can reduce levels of some nutrients in the diet with concomitant mitigation in nutrient excretion into the environment, reduction of eutrophication and acidification potentials of excreta. Commercial enzymes have been used to improve feed efficiency and utilization in poultry. Among many anti-nutritional factors, the existence of ß-mannans in poultry feed ingredients including soybean and other leguminous seeds has been associated with negative effects on nutrient digestibility and high intestinal viscosity that adversely affects innate immunity and microbial proliferation in poultry gut. The ß-mannanase (a commercial product named as Hemicell) can hydrolyze ß-mannan, an anti-nutritional fiber present in many poultry feed ingredients. Supplement of ß-mannanase to ß-mannan-rich diets may boost the population of intestinal beneficial bacteria, increase the digestibility of mannans, enhance the immunity, suppresses the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients in intestinal tracts and reduce the environmental pollution due to poultry excreta. Supplementation of -mannanase at the level of 200 and 400 mg/kg in poultry diets has positively improved blood glucose and anabolic hormone homeostasis, FCR, digestible energy, and digestible amino acids. This review describes the promising beneficial effects of -mannanase, which may be used in the poultry feed industry for economic benefits. Another objective of this review is to explore the underlying mechanisms of ß-mannanase that can influence growth, digestion coefficients of nutrients, health and metabolism of nutrients in poultry birds and also the knowledge regarding the useful application of this feed enzyme in the commercial poultry feed industry.

O "discurso do ódio", meio ambiente digital e a saúde ambiental / The "hate speech", digital environment and environmental health

This work seeks to ascertain the role and reach of internet and social networks in information society as diffusers of hate speech and its mediations, such as new interpretations, philosophical points of view and legal analyzes. The expansion of the world wide web and subsequently the social networks formed in this virtual medium, impressively potentiated the offense to peoples honor and many kinds of intolerance. The enhancement of hate speech was intensified as quickly as Internet and social networks have settled in our society. Opinions, ideas and feelings are easily manifested in a pace as never before imagined. However, it is important to point out that hate speech is closely related to minorities and social exclusion, being used today as a strong aspect and condition of this context and concept. Considering the digital environment as a result of the artificial environment created by man, hate speech degrades this type of environment, turning against the respect toward individual and collective dignity, values ensured by the constitution. The degradation of the environment affects its health.

O presente artigo pretende verificar qual o papel e alcance da internet e das redes sociais na chamada sociedade da informação, como meio difusor do discurso do ódio e suas mediações. O advento da expansão da rede mundial de computadores (internet) e, posteriormente, das redes sociais que se formaram nesse meio virtual potencializaram, de forma impressionante, a ofensa à honra das pessoas e a intolerância de toda ordem. A ampliação do discurso do ódio foi intensificada pela mesma rapidez em que a internet e as redes sociais se fixaram em nossa sociedade. A velocidade em que se manifestam opiniões, ideias e sentimentos ocorrem numa facilidade nunca antes imaginada. Não há como deixar de apontar, entretanto, que o discurso do ódio está intimamente ligado a questão da exclusão social sendo hoje acionado como forte aspecto e condição destes próprios contextos e conceitos. Considerando o meio ambiente digital como fruto do meio ambiente artificial criado pelo homem, tem-se que o discurso do ódio constitui degradação deste meio ambiente, voltando-se contra a garantia do respeito à dignidade de pessoa humana individual e coletivamente considerada, conforme assegurado pelo ordenamento jurídico constitucional. A degradação do meio ambiente, por sua vez, atinge a saúde ambiental.

O "discurso do ódio", meio ambiente digital e a saúde ambiental / The "hate speech", digital environment and environmental health

This work seeks to ascertain the role and reach of internet and social networks in information society as diffusers of hate speech and its mediations, such as new interpretations, philosophical points of view and legal analyzes. The expansion of the world wide web and subsequently the social networks formed in this virtual medium, impressively potentiated the offense to peoples honor and many kinds of intolerance. The enhancement of hate speech was intensified as quickly as Internet and social networks have settled in our society. Opinions, ideas and feelings are easily manifested in a pace as never before imagined. However, it is important to point out that hate speech is closely related to minorities and social exclusion, being used today as a strong aspect and condition of this context and concept. Considering the digital environment as a result of the artificial environment created by man, hate speech degrades this type of environment, turning against the respect toward individual and collective dignity, values ensured by the constitution. The degradation of the environment affects its health.(AU)

O presente artigo pretende verificar qual o papel e alcance da internet e das redes sociais na chamada sociedade da informação, como meio difusor do discurso do ódio e suas mediações. O advento da expansão da rede mundial de computadores (internet) e, posteriormente, das redes sociais que se formaram nesse meio virtual potencializaram, de forma impressionante, a ofensa à honra das pessoas e a intolerância de toda ordem. A ampliação do discurso do ódio foi intensificada pela mesma rapidez em que a internet e as redes sociais se fixaram em nossa sociedade. A velocidade em que se manifestam opiniões, ideias e sentimentos ocorrem numa facilidade nunca antes imaginada. Não há como deixar de apontar, entretanto, que o discurso do ódio está intimamente ligado a questão da exclusão social sendo hoje acionado como forte aspecto e condição destes próprios contextos e conceitos. Considerando o meio ambiente digital como fruto do meio ambiente artificial criado pelo homem, tem-se que o discurso do ódio constitui degradação deste meio ambiente, voltando-se contra a garantia do respeito à dignidade de pessoa humana individual e coletivamente considerada, conforme assegurado pelo ordenamento jurídico constitucional. A degradação do meio ambiente, por sua vez, atinge a saúde ambiental.(AU)