Femoral orthopedic implants in dogs with titanium - mechanical evaluation

Background: Orthopedic implants are commonly used for different types of surgical procedures to gain optimal functionand to provide stability to both bones and tendon structures. When inserting these implants, the characteristics of the material are important for surgical success, and the ideal implant must be biocompatible and nonallergenic. However, whenmolding an implant to the bone structure, its resistance can change significantly. Implants can be temporary or permanentin the body, and metal possesses properties that make it acceptable for bone repair. In biomedical implants, 2 types aremost common, commercially pure (CP)-Ti and Ti-6A1-4V. They both provide stable fixation and low risk of loosening.Implants made with the same material and composition can perform differently if the material has been altered by processing techniques for different scenarios. Stress, strain and elastic modulus are the primary metrics used in the description ofimplant materials. They can be calculated based on mechanical tests of specimens with defined geometry, most commonlytensile, bending and torsional tests. In order to better evaluate those changes, we compared the mechanical characteristicsof titanium bone plates, before and after they were molded to the bone, to verify and quantify the loss of stiffness andresistance after molding the plate.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was prospective. Orthopedic implant made of commercially pure titanium (CPTi) were divided into 2 groups, one group without plate molding and the other with plate molding to a dog femora bone.Thirty-six plates of different sizes (5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0- and 11.0-mm diameter) were divided into 6 groups containing6 plates of each size and submitted to the 4-point flexion test of resistance, using a piece of dog femur (weights of 5, 10,15, 20 and 25 kg) as the bone in which the...

Femoral orthopedic implants in dogs with titanium - mechanical evaluation

Background: Orthopedic implants are commonly used for different types of surgical procedures to gain optimal functionand to provide stability to both bones and tendon structures. When inserting these implants, the characteristics of the material are important for surgical success, and the ideal implant must be biocompatible and nonallergenic. However, whenmolding an implant to the bone structure, its resistance can change significantly. Implants can be temporary or permanentin the body, and metal possesses properties that make it acceptable for bone repair. In biomedical implants, 2 types aremost common, commercially pure (CP)-Ti and Ti-6A1-4V. They both provide stable fixation and low risk of loosening.Implants made with the same material and composition can perform differently if the material has been altered by processing techniques for different scenarios. Stress, strain and elastic modulus are the primary metrics used in the description ofimplant materials. They can be calculated based on mechanical tests of specimens with defined geometry, most commonlytensile, bending and torsional tests. In order to better evaluate those changes, we compared the mechanical characteristicsof titanium bone plates, before and after they were molded to the bone, to verify and quantify the loss of stiffness andresistance after molding the plate.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was prospective. Orthopedic implant made of commercially pure titanium (CPTi) were divided into 2 groups, one group without plate molding and the other with plate molding to a dog femora bone.Thirty-six plates of different sizes (5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0- and 11.0-mm diameter) were divided into 6 groups containing6 plates of each size and submitted to the 4-point flexion test of resistance, using a piece of dog femur (weights of 5, 10,15, 20 and 25 kg) as the bone in which the...(AU)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a marker to estimate fecal output in sheep / Dióxido de titânio (TiO 2) para a estimativa da produção fecal em ovinos

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an external marker used to estimate fecal output based on forage intake of grazing ruminants; however, its use as marker for grazing sheep still needs attention. In the present study the TiO2 role to estimate fecal output of sheep grazing annual ryegrass was tested. Two essays were conducted in sequence using the same forage and animals. Six lacaune lambs were housed in metabolic cages. Lambs were administered 1 g TiO2 in a single (at 8:30 am, essay 1), or in two daily doses (at 8:30 am and 4:30 pm, essay 2). In both essays the TiO2 administration was followed by a 7-day period to stabilize the fecal excretion of the marker and then by a 5-day period for total collection of feces. Observed and TiO2-based estimated fecal outputs were compared, with or without correction for TiO2 fecal recovery rate (kTiO2). The kTiO2 was around 1.0 and the estimated fecal outputs were similar to the observed ones (p>0.05), regardless the number of daily doses. These results suggested that TiO2, administered in single or two daily doses, can be used as an external marker in grazing sheep.

O dióxido de titânio (TiO2) é um marcador externo utilizado para estimativas da excreção fecal, visando medidas de consumo de forragem em ruminantes a pasto. No entanto, o uso deste marcador para ovinos em pastejo ainda pode ser melhor explorado. Neste trabalho, o TiO2 foi testado para estimar a produção fecal de ovinos ingerindo azevém anual. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios sequenciais utilizando a mesma forragem e os mesmos animais. Os animais eram seis cordeiros da raça Lacaune, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas. No primeiro ensaio, os cordeiros receberam diariamente 1 g TiO2 em única dosagem (às 08 h 30), e no segundo foram oferecidas duas dosagens (08h30 e 16 h 30). Em ambos os ensaios, após sete dias para estabilização da excreção fecal do marcador foram realizados cinco dias de coleta total de fezes. A produção fecal observada foi comparada com a produção fecal estimada pelo TiO2, com ou sem correções, para sua taxa de recuperação fecal (kTiO2). A kTiO2 foi próxima de 1.0 e a produção fecal estimada foi similar à observada (P>0,05), independente do número de dosagens. Estes resultados mostram que o TiO2 é um indicador externo que pode ser utilizado, em única ou dupla dosagem, em experimentos com ovinos em pastejo.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a marker to estimate fecal output in sheep / Dióxido de titânio (TiO 2) para a estimativa da produção fecal em ovinos

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an external marker used to estimate fecal output based on forage intake of grazing ruminants; however, its use as marker for grazing sheep still needs attention. In the present study the TiO2 role to estimate fecal output of sheep grazing annual ryegrass was tested. Two essays were conducted in sequence using the same forage and animals. Six lacaune lambs were housed in metabolic cages. Lambs were administered 1 g TiO2 in a single (at 8:30 am, essay 1), or in two daily doses (at 8:30 am and 4:30 pm, essay 2). In both essays the TiO2 administration was followed by a 7-day period to stabilize the fecal excretion of the marker and then by a 5-day period for total collection of feces. Observed and TiO2-based estimated fecal outputs were compared, with or without correction for TiO2 fecal recovery rate (kTiO2). The kTiO2 was around 1.0 and the estimated fecal outputs were similar to the observed ones (p>0.05), regardless the number of daily doses. These results suggested that TiO2, administered in single or two daily doses, can be used as an external marker in grazing sheep.(AU)

O dióxido de titânio (TiO2) é um marcador externo utilizado para estimativas da excreção fecal, visando medidas de consumo de forragem em ruminantes a pasto. No entanto, o uso deste marcador para ovinos em pastejo ainda pode ser melhor explorado. Neste trabalho, o TiO2 foi testado para estimar a produção fecal de ovinos ingerindo azevém anual. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios sequenciais utilizando a mesma forragem e os mesmos animais. Os animais eram seis cordeiros da raça Lacaune, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas. No primeiro ensaio, os cordeiros receberam diariamente 1 g TiO2 em única dosagem (às 08 h 30), e no segundo foram oferecidas duas dosagens (08h30 e 16 h 30). Em ambos os ensaios, após sete dias para estabilização da excreção fecal do marcador foram realizados cinco dias de coleta total de fezes. A produção fecal observada foi comparada com a produção fecal estimada pelo TiO2, com ou sem correções, para sua taxa de recuperação fecal (kTiO2). A kTiO2 foi próxima de 1.0 e a produção fecal estimada foi similar à observada (P>0,05), independente do número de dosagens. Estes resultados mostram que o TiO2 é um indicador externo que pode ser utilizado, em única ou dupla dosagem, em experimentos com ovinos em pastejo.(AU)

In-vivo bone response to titanium screw implants anodized in sodium sulfate

To evaluate the early bone response to a nanotextured dental implant treated with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), using a rabbit model. Twelve animals were randomly divided into group 1 (Control) - machined implants and group 2 (Test) - nanotextured implants. Extra-oral incision was performed to provide access to intended surgical site where the dental implant was inserted immediately after the extraction of the mandibular first premolar. Implant surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy attached to energy dispersive spectroscopy and interferometry. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were induced to death and undecalcified sections of the samples were prepared for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. Surface characterization of the implant demonstrated enhanced surface area of anodized group compared to Control group with 19.2% ± 6.2 versus 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively. Histological evaluation demonstrated new bone formation starting from the buccal and lingual cortical walls on both groups. After three weeks, significant higher bone contact of 27% (p<0.05) was observed to nanotextured compared to machined implants (Control group). The anodization with sodium sulfate nanostructures to the implant surface that resulted in faster osseointegration.(AU)

May titanium spiral tacks contribute to intra-abdominal adhesion formation? / Grampos espirais de titânio podem contribuir para a formação de aderências intra-abdominais?

PURPOSE: To verify if titanium spiral tacks may contribute to intra-abdominal adhesion formation in rabbits. METHODS: Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used. Through videolaparoscopic surgery two titanium spiral tacks (ProTack®, Covidien®) were applied in the right flank. After 30 days the animals were submitted to evaluate peritoneal cavity by videolaparoscopy. RESULTS: No adhesion was found where the titanium spiral tacks were placed. CONCLUSION: Titanium spiral tacks for fixation do not cause adhesions in rabbits.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Verificar se grampos espirais de titânio podem contribuir para a formação de aderências intra-abdominais em coelhos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 10 coelhos albinos linhagem Nova Zelândia. Por meio de vídeo laparoscopia foram aplicados dois grampos metálicos espirais de titânio (ProTack®, Covidien®) na região do flanco direito. Após 30 dias, os animais foram submetidos à laparoscopia para avaliação da cavidade peritoneal. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrada nenhuma aderência aos grampos aplicados. CONCLUSÃO: Os grampos em espiral de titânio para a fixação não causam aderências em coelhos.(AU)