Prolapso uretral em um cão da raça American Bully / Urethral prolapse in a dog of the American Bully breed

O prolapso uretral, o qual é incomum em cães, se caracteriza pela protusão da mucosa uretral além da extremidade do pênis e do orifício externo da uretra. Pode ocorrer por causas congênitas ou adquiridas, tendo maior incidência em animais jovens não castrados. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de prolapso uretral em um cão não castrado da raça American Bully Terrier, de dois anos, o qual foi atendido na Universidade Estácio de Sá localizada no Rio de Janeiro com histórico de lambedura excessiva do pênis, disúria, sangramento prepucial e protrusão da mucosa uretral após tentativa de cópula. Durante a avaliação física o animal apresentou todos os parâmetros clínicos dentro da normalidade, entretanto demonstrava agitação excessiva e dor na região afetada. Então, o diagnóstico foi definido por meio da inspeção direta da visualização da mucosa uretral protusa. Frente ao quadro clínico e físico do animal, foi adotado o procedimento cirúrgico de ressecção e anastomose da porção uretral prolapsada. Desta forma, conclui-se que esta técnica cirúrgica se mostrou eficaz, visto que o referido paciente apresentou ótima recuperação e cicatrização uretral, sem quaisquer sinais de complicações pós-cirúrgicas.

Urethral prolapse, which is uncommon in dogs, is characterized by protrusion of the urethral mucosa beyond the tip of the penis and the external orifice of the urethra. It can occur due to congenital or acquired causes, with a higher incidence in young animals not castrated. The present study aims to report a case of urethral prolapse in a non-castrated dog of 2 years old (American Bully Terrier), which was treated at the Estácio de Sá University located in Rio de Janeiro city, with a history of excessive penis licking, dysuria, prepucial bleeding, and protrusion of the urethral mucosa after an attempt of copulation. During the physical evaluation, the animal presented all clinical parameters within the normal range; however, it showed excessive agitation and pain in the affected region. Then, the diagnosis was defined through direct inspection of the visualization of the protruding urethral mucosa. Given the animal's clinical and physical condition, the surgical procedure of resection and anastomosis of the prolapsed urethral portion was adopted. Therefore, it is concluded that this surgical technique proved to be effective since the patient presented excellent recovery and urethral healing, without any signs of post-surgical complications.

Urethral reconstruction combined with modified urethrostomy in a cat after prepubic urethrostomy

Background: In cats, urethral obstruction is generally caused by various reasons, including feline idiopathic cystitis, urethral crystals, urethral trauma, mucous plug, congenital or acquired anatomical deformity, and urolithiasis, especially in male cats. Depending on the severity and duration of clinical signs, immediate management including conservative or surgical therapy for restoration of urethral patency is required. Repetitive urethral obstruction due to intraluminal plugs, obstruction that cannot be resolved by medical management, and urethral strictures, trauma, or neoplasia should be managed by surgery. When the penile or pelvic urethra is ruptured or not long enough to mobilize the pelvic urethra to the perineal skin by repetitive perineal urethrostomy, prepubic urethrostomy is indicated. Potential complications of prepubic urethrostomy include urinary incontinence, peristomal dermatitis. In such cases, management of the peristomal site or placement of an artificial urethral sphincter have been reported previously. However, to date, urethral reconstruction using pre-existing penis has not been reported after prepubic urethral stricture following prepubic urethrostomy. The objective of this report is to describe surgical procedure of the urethral reconstruction combined with modified perineal urethrostomy in a cat with prepubic urethral stricture after prepubic urethrosotmy. Case: A 3-year-old castrated Scottish straight cat presented with dysuria after prepubic urethrostomy. The owner reported that the patient was diagnosed with urethral rupture, had undergone prepubic urethrostomy 2 months prior to presentation, and had persistent dysuria despite repetitive surgical revision of the prepubic urethral stoma at a local hospital. On physical examination, the preputial orifice and the penis appeared grossly normal. On ultrasonography, pericystic and periurethral fat had an edematous, striated appearance with alternating hyperechoic and anechoic regions. A small amount of free fluid was visible around the urethra. Abdominal radiography revealed a mildly distended bladder and loss of serosal detail around the area of the urinary bladder neck, consistent with inflammation and free fluid observed on ultrasonography. The retrograde urethrogram showed no leakage in either sites of the prepubic urethral orifice or the penis. Hence, complete urethral reconstruction with modified perineal urethrostomy was performed. The patient had normal urination at the 15-month follow-up. Discussion: Prepubic urethrostomy is beneficial for the patients whose penile or pelvic urethra is ruptured or not long enough to mobilize the pelvic urethra to the perineum. Complications of prepubic urethrostomy include skin necrosis around the stoma; urinary incontinence; stricture of the urethral stoma due to several reasons such as surgical-site irritation; poor mucosa-skin apposition; failure to provide tension-free stoma; and failure to expose wider pelvic urethra. In these cases, surgical management of the level of prepubic urethral stoma has been recommended by previous studies. However, no studies have been reported urethral reconstruction using pre-existing penile urethra in a patient with prepubic urethral stricture so far. To the author's knowledge, this case is the first report describing urethral reconstruction in a cat with urethral stricture after prepubic urethrostomy.

Obstructive urethrolithiasis in a mule

Background: Obstructive urolithiasis is a rare but potentially serious condition in equids. In the reviewed literature, there are several case reports of urolithiasis in horses and donkeys, but the only mention of this condition in mules occurred as incidental findings at a slaughterhouse. Therefore, this work aims to describe the first report and successful treatment of obstructive urethrolithiasis in a mule (Equus asinus x Equus caballus). Case: A 10-year-old castrated male mule weighing 380 kg was referred for hospital care. Tachycardia (64 beats per min), mild dehydration (7%), increased capillary filling time (3 s), slightly congested mucous membranes, and dysuria were observed. During its attempts to urinate, the mule was able to expose the penis, resulting in only dribbling of urine with reddish coloration. Urethral catheterization failed to reach the urinary bladder and revealed an obstruction at the ischial arch (7 x 4 cm), as confirmed by palpation and ultrasonography. Additionally, rectal ultrasound examination showed urine sedimentation and a single 2.36 mm vesical calculus. After sedation, local anesthesia, and surgical preparation, urethrotomy in the standing position was performed over the urethral obstruction at the ischial arch, reaching the urethrolith that fragmented during removal. Urethral catheterization from the urethrotomy site to flush the urinary bladder and urethra were performed, but the remaining vesical calculus was not retrieved. Considering the presence of a vesical calculus, severe urethral damage caused by the spiculated calculus and catheterization attempts, permanent perineal urethrostomy was performed. Laboratory tests revealed unremarkable hematological parameters, while serum biochemistry showed increased creatinine level. Urinalysis revealed cloudiness, amber appearance, countless red blood cells and bacteria, and calcium carbonate crystals. The urethrolith composition included ammonia, carbonate, and oxalate. Twelve months after surgery, the mule was healthy, the urethrostomy was viable, and no complications were recorded during this period. Discussion: Although uncommon, there are reports describing calculi of different sizes and weighing up to 803 g, causing mild to severe clinical signs according to the degree of obstruction in horses and donkeys. In the mule described here, the urethrolith did not completely obstruct the urethra, but the spiculated calculus caused dysuria and hematuria. In fact, most animals are usually referred for acute abdominal signs or hematuria and pollakiuria, but other unusual signs, such as rectal prolapse, may also be present. In the present report, the diagnosis of obstructive urethrolithiasis was established based on clinical signs and transcutaneous ultrasound of the subischial area, allowing visualization of the urethrolith. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of obstructive urethrolithiasis affecting a mule in Brazil. We reiterate that this condition must be included in the differential diagnosis of mules and hinnies with hematuria and dysuria, especially when associated with abdominal pain. Additionally, urethrostomy associated with urethrotomy performed on this mule in the standing position was a low-cost procedure with good results. Due to the lack of specificity regarding the food management of the mule on the previous farm, an assessment cannot be made regarding the effects of its food on urolith composition.(AU)

Neouretra com enxerto autógeno de segmento intestinal vascularizado em felino / Autogenous vascularized intestinal grafting for urethral reconstruction in feline

Background: Serious urethral damage or recurrent obstructions in felines require a urethrostomy to provide a return to and maintenance of urinary flow. In some cases, urethral reconstruction with complementary tissue is required. Grafting of autogenous vascularized intestinal segments is widely used in human medicine to promote the functional restoration of the urethra, but in veterinary medicine, its use is still incipient. Thus, the aim of this report was to analyze and describe the use of thein functional urethral repair in a feline diagnosed with a severe urethral rupture. Case: A castrated male cat presented with urethral obstruction. Emergency decompression cystocentesis was performed, and fluids and analgesics were administered. Catheterization and urohydropropulsion were attempted to relieve the obstruction, without success. An emergency perineal urethrostomy was indicated. After the procedure, the diagnosis (obstructive lower tract urinary disease) and the infeasibility of restoring urinary flow by conventional urethrostomy techniques were confirmed. We opted for a laparoscopic-assisted prepubic urethrostomy; the pre-prostatic urethra was transected, and its caudais end was brought through an abdominal incision cranially. However, urethral tension was noted after this maneuver was performed. Thus, we decided to use autogenous vascularized intestinal segment grafting for urethral reconstruction. A segment of the ileum was prepared for grafting, with preservation of irrigation and mesenteric innervation. A terminoterminal anastomosis was performed on the stumps of the remaining intestine, and the mesentery was sutured. The ileal graft was isolated and washed to remove...

Neouretra com enxerto autógeno de segmento intestinal vascularizado em felino / Autogenous vascularized intestinal grafting for urethral reconstruction in feline

Background: Serious urethral damage or recurrent obstructions in felines require a urethrostomy to provide a return to and maintenance of urinary flow. In some cases, urethral reconstruction with complementary tissue is required. Grafting of autogenous vascularized intestinal segments is widely used in human medicine to promote the functional restoration of the urethra, but in veterinary medicine, its use is still incipient. Thus, the aim of this report was to analyze and describe the use of thein functional urethral repair in a feline diagnosed with a severe urethral rupture. Case: A castrated male cat presented with urethral obstruction. Emergency decompression cystocentesis was performed, and fluids and analgesics were administered. Catheterization and urohydropropulsion were attempted to relieve the obstruction, without success. An emergency perineal urethrostomy was indicated. After the procedure, the diagnosis (obstructive lower tract urinary disease) and the infeasibility of restoring urinary flow by conventional urethrostomy techniques were confirmed. We opted for a laparoscopic-assisted prepubic urethrostomy; the pre-prostatic urethra was transected, and its caudais end was brought through an abdominal incision cranially. However, urethral tension was noted after this maneuver was performed. Thus, we decided to use autogenous vascularized intestinal segment grafting for urethral reconstruction. A segment of the ileum was prepared for grafting, with preservation of irrigation and mesenteric innervation. A terminoterminal anastomosis was performed on the stumps of the remaining intestine, and the mesentery was sutured. The ileal graft was isolated and washed to remove...(AU)

Urolitíase obstrutiva em equino / Obstructive urolithiasis in horse

Background: Obstructive urinary tract disease in horses is a rare and low prevalence pathology in the species, but potentially severe. It is an emergency condition that presents variable clinical signs and depends on the anatomical locationof the obstruction. The bladder calculus are the most common followed by the urethra and less commonly seen are thekidney or ureteral. The main crystalloid component of uroliths in horses is calcium carbonate. The higher prevalence ofurolithiasis in male horses is justified by some anatomical differences between genders. The urethra of males is narrowerand longer than that of females. The tissue injury is the most important factor for the development of uroliths in horses.Desquamation of epithelial cells, presence of leukocyte and necrotic cell debris are relevant contributors to crystal growth.Urinary stasis favors nucleation by increasing the chance of contact between crystalloid material and urinary epithelium.Once crystal growth has begun, the urine alkalinity of the equines favors the crystallization and further deposition of othercomponents, especially calcium carbonate. Typical clinical signs of urolithiasis include tenesmus, dysuria, strangury andpolaquiuria. Hematuria is often present, mainly observed after exercise and at the end of urination. In addition signs ofcolic are quite frequent in the acute bladder and urethral urolithiasis due to bladder distension. Upper urinary tract surgerymay be technically challenging due to limited structural exposure, especially in adult horses The prognosis for horses withurolithiasis depends on the location of the urolith and the degree of renal injury that occurred.Case: This report aims to describe a rare case of obstructive urolithiasis in a 8-year-old castrated male horse with 24 hevolution. The horse was expressing signs of abdominal pain and during the transretal examination through palpation...

Urolitíase obstrutiva em equino / Obstructive urolithiasis in horse

Background: Obstructive urinary tract disease in horses is a rare and low prevalence pathology in the species, but potentially severe. It is an emergency condition that presents variable clinical signs and depends on the anatomical locationof the obstruction. The bladder calculus are the most common followed by the urethra and less commonly seen are thekidney or ureteral. The main crystalloid component of uroliths in horses is calcium carbonate. The higher prevalence ofurolithiasis in male horses is justified by some anatomical differences between genders. The urethra of males is narrowerand longer than that of females. The tissue injury is the most important factor for the development of uroliths in horses.Desquamation of epithelial cells, presence of leukocyte and necrotic cell debris are relevant contributors to crystal growth.Urinary stasis favors nucleation by increasing the chance of contact between crystalloid material and urinary epithelium.Once crystal growth has begun, the urine alkalinity of the equines favors the crystallization and further deposition of othercomponents, especially calcium carbonate. Typical clinical signs of urolithiasis include tenesmus, dysuria, strangury andpolaquiuria. Hematuria is often present, mainly observed after exercise and at the end of urination. In addition signs ofcolic are quite frequent in the acute bladder and urethral urolithiasis due to bladder distension. Upper urinary tract surgerymay be technically challenging due to limited structural exposure, especially in adult horses The prognosis for horses withurolithiasis depends on the location of the urolith and the degree of renal injury that occurred.Case: This report aims to describe a rare case of obstructive urolithiasis in a 8-year-old castrated male horse with 24 hevolution. The horse was expressing signs of abdominal pain and during the transretal examination through palpation...(AU)

Prolapso uretral em um cão da raça American Pit Bull / Urethral prolapse in a dog of the American Pit bull breed

Background: The urethral prolapse in dogs is a rare condition known by the protrusion of the urethral mucous membrane and the external orifice of the urethra. It is more frequently seen in young males, especially of brachycephalic breeds, for instance the English bulldog. Despite the pathophysiology of this disorder being little elucidated, it is believed that the cause is related to factors such as genetic susceptibility, excessive sexual behavior, traumas, abnormalities and urinary and prostatic problems. Due to limited reports on the subject, this paper aims to describe the clinical and surgical aspects of a case of urethral prolapse in a dog, surgically corrected.Case: Admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT) a dog, American Pit Bull, 7 months old, with previous history of bleeding in the penile region and pain while urinating. In the physical exam it presented: intermittent bleeding via external ostium of the urethra, increased volume and protrusion of the distal urethral mucous membrane and the external orifice of the urethra, which was presenting a round shape mass, edematous and little congested of red-purplish coloring, evidenced by the passing of urethral probe. The diagnosis of urethral prolapse was confirmed and, after conducting laboratory tests and obtaining normal results for the species, the animal was sent to surgery. It was opted for the technique of resection and anastomosis of the protruded portion of the mucous membrane. After the anesthetic protocol, it was performed the trichotomy and antisepsis of region, the fenestrated drapes were properly positioned and the urethral catheterization was done, afterwards 3 points of support were produced with nylon thread 3-0, involving the urethra and the external portion of the penis.[...]

Prolapso uretral em um cão da raça American Pit Bull / Urethral prolapse in a dog of the American Pit bull breed

Background: The urethral prolapse in dogs is a rare condition known by the protrusion of the urethral mucous membrane and the external orifice of the urethra. It is more frequently seen in young males, especially of brachycephalic breeds, for instance the English bulldog. Despite the pathophysiology of this disorder being little elucidated, it is believed that the cause is related to factors such as genetic susceptibility, excessive sexual behavior, traumas, abnormalities and urinary and prostatic problems. Due to limited reports on the subject, this paper aims to describe the clinical and surgical aspects of a case of urethral prolapse in a dog, surgically corrected.Case: Admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT) a dog, American Pit Bull, 7 months old, with previous history of bleeding in the penile region and pain while urinating. In the physical exam it presented: intermittent bleeding via external ostium of the urethra, increased volume and protrusion of the distal urethral mucous membrane and the external orifice of the urethra, which was presenting a round shape mass, edematous and little congested of red-purplish coloring, evidenced by the passing of urethral probe. The diagnosis of urethral prolapse was confirmed and, after conducting laboratory tests and obtaining normal results for the species, the animal was sent to surgery. It was opted for the technique of resection and anastomosis of the protruded portion of the mucous membrane. After the anesthetic protocol, it was performed the trichotomy and antisepsis of region, the fenestrated drapes were properly positioned and the urethral catheterization was done, afterwards 3 points of support were produced with nylon thread 3-0, involving the urethra and the external portion of the penis.[...](AU)

Laparoscopic-assisted prepubic urethrostomy: experimental model in rabbit / Uretrostomia pré-púbica vídeo-assistida: modelo experimental em coelhos

The purpose of this study was to develop a laparoscopic-assisted prepubic urethorstomy (PPU) technique using rabbits as an experimental model. Six male New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) over six months old and weighing between 3 and 4kg (3.5kg ± 0.4) were used in this study. The animals underwent laparoscopic dissection of the pelvic urethra, which was then exposed for the laparoscopic-assisted urethrostomy procedure. The proposed model for training of laparoscopic-assisted PPU in rabbits was considered effective and feasible. It proved to be a simple technique even for surgeons under basic endosurgery skills training, with possibilities of employing the technique for the treatment of cats with loss of function of the distal urethra.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou o desenvolvimento de uma técnica de uretrostomia pré-púbica (UPP) vídeo-assistida, utilizando coelhos como modelo experimental. Foram utilizados seis coelhos Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus), machos, com peso médio de 3.5kg (± 0.4), com idade acima de seis meses. Os animais foram submetidos à dissecação laparoscópica da uretra pélvica e posterior exposição desta para a realização de uretrostomia vídeo-assistida. O modelo proposto para treinamento de UPP vídeo-assistida em coelho foi considerado eficaz e factível, mostrando-se uma técnica exequível mesmo por videocirurgiões iniciantes, havendo possibilidade de seu emprego no tratamento de gatos com perda na função da uretra distal.(AU)

Morfina epidural contínua no controle da dor pós-operatória em ovino / Postoperative pain management in a sheep using continuous epidural morphine

Background: Although ruminants experience pain like other species, diagnosis and treatment may be imprecise and challenging, especially because of lack of recognition and restraint of therapeutic resources. In addition to the restrictions inherent in the species, organic dysfunctions may further restrict the analgesic arsenal, making it necessary to find viable and effective alternative for pain control. The continuous administration of opioids in the epidural space has been highlighted as an analgesic resource in several species. However, until this moment, there are few information on this practice in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the use of continuous epidural infusion of morphine in a sheep undergoing to urethrostomy with a history of chronic pain and urolithiasis.Case: A 3-year-old Santa Ines sheep, weighting 110 kg, was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Bahia with history of recurrent urolithiasis, lameness, severe pain and continuous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The findings of the physical examination, imaging and laboratory tests revealed possible abomasum inflammation, chronic laminitis, left humerus-radioulnar osteoarthritis and urethral urolithiasis with uremia. A clinical stabilization of the animal was performed, including an interruption of the use of the NSAID and the administration of fluid, urinary acidifier (ammonium chloride), histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine), cytoprotectant (sucralfate), antibiotic (norfloxacin) and dipyrone. After 3 days, urethrostomy was performed followed by the implantation of an epidural catheter (19G) in the lumbosacral space (L7 - S1) by means of a Tuohy needle (18G), after the surgical procedure. Administration of morphine (0.1 mg kg-1) through the catheter at 24-h intervals, associated with dipyrone (25 mg kg-1) intravenously (IV), every 8 h, over a 5-day period, was the postoperative analgesic protocol chosen.[...]

Morfina epidural contínua no controle da dor pós-operatória em ovino / Postoperative pain management in a sheep using continuous epidural morphine

Background: Although ruminants experience pain like other species, diagnosis and treatment may be imprecise and challenging, especially because of lack of recognition and restraint of therapeutic resources. In addition to the restrictions inherent in the species, organic dysfunctions may further restrict the analgesic arsenal, making it necessary to find viable and effective alternative for pain control. The continuous administration of opioids in the epidural space has been highlighted as an analgesic resource in several species. However, until this moment, there are few information on this practice in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the use of continuous epidural infusion of morphine in a sheep undergoing to urethrostomy with a history of chronic pain and urolithiasis.Case: A 3-year-old Santa Ines sheep, weighting 110 kg, was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Bahia with history of recurrent urolithiasis, lameness, severe pain and continuous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The findings of the physical examination, imaging and laboratory tests revealed possible abomasum inflammation, chronic laminitis, left humerus-radioulnar osteoarthritis and urethral urolithiasis with uremia. A clinical stabilization of the animal was performed, including an interruption of the use of the NSAID and the administration of fluid, urinary acidifier (ammonium chloride), histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine), cytoprotectant (sucralfate), antibiotic (norfloxacin) and dipyrone. After 3 days, urethrostomy was performed followed by the implantation of an epidural catheter (19G) in the lumbosacral space (L7 - S1) by means of a Tuohy needle (18G), after the surgical procedure. Administration of morphine (0.1 mg kg-1) through the catheter at 24-h intervals, associated with dipyrone (25 mg kg-1) intravenously (IV), every 8 h, over a 5-day period, was the postoperative analgesic protocol chosen.[...](AU)

Complicações de urolitíase por oxalato de cálcio em cão uretrostomisado – Relato de Caso / Complications of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a urethrosed dog - Case report

The present study aims to report a male canine patient with calcium oxalate urolithiasis,who suffered complications of perineal urethrostomy. Cases of urolithiasis frequentlypresent in dogs, however, their complications are rarely mentioned in the literature,especially when the therapeutic protocol fails.

Complicações de urolitíase por oxalato de cálcio em cão uretrostomisado Relato de Caso / Complications of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in a urethrosed dog - Case report

The present study aims to report a male canine patient with calcium oxalate urolithiasis,who suffered complications of perineal urethrostomy. Cases of urolithiasis frequentlypresent in dogs, however, their complications are rarely mentioned in the literature,especially when the therapeutic protocol fails.(AU)

Transposição e anastomose uretral pré-púbica em um cão macho com estenose extensa da uretra intrapélvica / Prepubic urethral transposition in a male dog with extensive stenosis of the pelvic urethra

We report the use of a new surgical technique in a male dog affected by extensive stenosis of intrapelvic urethra through a antepubic urethral deviation, as an alternative to prepubic urethrostomy and ablation of the external genitalia. The technique consisted initially of orchiectomy, followed by retroumbilical celiotomy, transverse section of the penis in the pre-scrotal region and transposition of this towards the abdominal cavity by making anastomosis to the prostatic urethra. The dog was evaluated clinically and by urethrography retrograde positive contrast for up to four years after the procedure without any clinical signs, changes in urine stream or stenosis image. It is concluded that the pre-pubic urethral transposition is a viable alternative treatment for this dog affected by extensive stenosis of the membranous urethra.(AU)

Transposição e anastomose uretral pré-púbica em um cão macho com estenose extensa da uretra intrapélvica / Prepubic urethral transposition in a male dog with extensive stenosis of the pelvic urethra

We report the use of a new surgical technique in a male dog affected by extensive stenosis of intrapelvic urethra through a antepubic urethral deviation, as an alternative to prepubic urethrostomy and ablation of the external genitalia. The technique consisted initially of orchiectomy, followed by retroumbilical celiotomy, transverse section of the penis in the pre-scrotal region and transposition of this towards the abdominal cavity by making anastomosis to the prostatic urethra. The dog was evaluated clinically and by urethrography retrograde positive contrast for up to four years after the procedure without any clinical signs, changes in urine stream or stenosis image. It is concluded that the pre-pubic urethral transposition is a viable alternative treatment for this dog affected by extensive stenosis of the membranous urethra.(AU)

Laparoscopic-assisted prepubic urethrostomy in a cat with urethral stenosis / Uretrostomia pré-púbica videoassistida em um felino com estenose uretral

Urethrostomy is a surgical technique used in cases of partial or total obstruction of the urethra, and the laparoscopic approach may be a treatment option. Due to the scarcity of studies involving the technique, this paper reports the case of laparoscopic-assisted pre-pubic urethrostomy (hybrid laparoscopic) in a cat with urethral stricture. A five-years-old cat presenting recurrent feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) had undergone to perineal urethrostomy two years and nine months ago. After this procedure, the patient underwent another four corrective surgeries without success. Laboratory tests (blood count and biochemical) and image diagnosis were realized. The patient was subjected to laparoscopic-assisted pre-pubic urethrostomy and it was achieved therapeutic success and adequate patient quality of life. It is concluded that this technique is feasible and safe in cats, making it a possible choice of surgical treatment for urethral stricture.(AU)

A uretrostomia é técnica cirúrgica utilizada em casos de obstrução parcial ou total da uretra, e na abordagem laparoscópica pode ser uma opção de tratamento. Devido à escassez de estudos envolvendo essa técnica, este trabalho relata o caso de uretrostomia pré-púbica videoassistida (laparoscópica híbrida) em um felino com estenose uretral. O paciente de cinco anos de idade apresentando histórico de doença do trato urinário inferior dos felinos (DTUIF) recorrente, havia sido submetido a uretrostomia perineal há dois anos e nove meses. Depois desse procedimento, o paciente passou por mais quatro cirurgias corretivas sem sucesso. Após realização de exames laboratoriais (hemograma e bioquímicos) e de imagem, o animal foi submetido a uretrostomia pré-púbica laparoscópica híbrida, obtendo-se sucesso terapêutico e possibilitando ao paciente adequada qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que esta técnica é viável e segura em gatos, tornando-a uma possível escolha de tratamento cirúrgico para estenose uretral.(AU)

Reparação cirúrgica de hipospadia escrotal canina – relato de caso / Surgical repair of canine scrotal hypospadias – case report / Corrección quirúrgica de la hipospadia escrotal canina – relato de un caso

O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever um caso de hipospadia escrotal em um cão da raça boxer de quatro meses de idade. Essa anomalia foi observada durante exame físico do sistema reprodutor que revelou abertura ectópica do óstio uretral em região escrotal, subdesenvolvimento e atrofia peniana, má-formação do prepúcio, além de dermatite em região peri-uretral. Após a realização de exames complementares, o paciente foi encaminhado para cirurgia, realizando-se a amputação do pênis, orquiectomia e uretrostomia. No período pós-operatório o paciente apresentou excelente recuperação. A conduta cirúrgica escolhida demonstrou sucesso diante do quadro clínico apresentado, e também minimizou complicações decorrentes da hipospadia, garantindo melhor qualidade de vida ao paciente.

The present report aims to describe a case of scrotal hypospadias in a four-month old boxer. This anomaly was observed during physical examination of the reproductive system, which evinced an ectopic opening of the urethral ostium in the scrotal region, as well as penile underdevelopment and atrophy, malformation of the foreskin and dermatitis in the periurethral region. After additional tests, the patient was referred for surgery, during which amputation of the penis, orchiectomy and ureth-rostomy were performed. The patient presented excellent post-surgical recovery. The chosen surgical conduct was successful with respect to the clinical picture, and minimized complications due to hypospadias, ensuring a better quality of life to the patient.

Este relato tiene como objetivo describir un caso de hipospadia escrotal en un perro Boxer de cuatro meses. Esta anomalía se observó durante el examen físico del sistema reproductor, donde se constató que existía una abertura ectópica del orificio uretral en la zona del escroto, con subdesarrollo y atrofia del pene, malformación prepucial, además de una dermatitis en la región peri uretral. Una vez realizados los exámenes complementares, el paciente fue derivado a cirugía, donde se le realizó la amputación del pene, la orquiectomía y una uretrostomia. Durante el postoperatorio hubo una excelente recuperación. La conducta quirúrgica elegida fue exitosa frente al cuadro presentado por el animal, minimizando las complicaciones de la hipospadia, y garantizándole una calidad de vida mejor al paciente.

Reparação cirúrgica de hipospadia escrotal canina relato de caso / Surgical repair of canine scrotal hypospadias case report / Corrección quirúrgica de la hipospadia escrotal canina relato de un caso

O presente relato tem como objetivo descrever um caso de hipospadia escrotal em um cão da raça boxer de quatro meses de idade. Essa anomalia foi observada durante exame físico do sistema reprodutor que revelou abertura ectópica do óstio uretral em região escrotal, subdesenvolvimento e atrofia peniana, má-formação do prepúcio, além de dermatite em região peri-uretral. Após a realização de exames complementares, o paciente foi encaminhado para cirurgia, realizando-se a amputação do pênis, orquiectomia e uretrostomia. No período pós-operatório o paciente apresentou excelente recuperação. A conduta cirúrgica escolhida demonstrou sucesso diante do quadro clínico apresentado, e também minimizou complicações decorrentes da hipospadia, garantindo melhor qualidade de vida ao paciente.(AU)

The present report aims to describe a case of scrotal hypospadias in a four-month old boxer. This anomaly was observed during physical examination of the reproductive system, which evinced an ectopic opening of the urethral ostium in the scrotal region, as well as penile underdevelopment and atrophy, malformation of the foreskin and dermatitis in the periurethral region. After additional tests, the patient was referred for surgery, during which amputation of the penis, orchiectomy and ureth-rostomy were performed. The patient presented excellent post-surgical recovery. The chosen surgical conduct was successful with respect to the clinical picture, and minimized complications due to hypospadias, ensuring a better quality of life to the patient.(AU)

Este relato tiene como objetivo describir un caso de hipospadia escrotal en un perro Boxer de cuatro meses. Esta anomalía se observó durante el examen físico del sistema reproductor, donde se constató que existía una abertura ectópica del orificio uretral en la zona del escroto, con subdesarrollo y atrofia del pene, malformación prepucial, además de una dermatitis en la región peri uretral. Una vez realizados los exámenes complementares, el paciente fue derivado a cirugía, donde se le realizó la amputación del pene, la orquiectomía y una uretrostomia. Durante el postoperatorio hubo una excelente recuperación. La conducta quirúrgica elegida fue exitosa frente al cuadro presentado por el animal, minimizando las complicaciones de la hipospadia, y garantizándole una calidad de vida mejor al paciente.(AU)

Cistectomia e uretrectomia parciais com reimplante de uretra fora do trígono vesical em uma cadela / Partial cistectomy and urethrectomy with urethral reimplantation out of the vesical trigonus in a bitch

Uma cadela sem raça definida com cinco anos de idade e massa corporal de 12 kg, que havia sido submetida a ovário-histerectomia seis meses antes, foi atendida com queixa principal de dificuldade para urinar e presença de uma ferida exsudativa na linha média ventral retro- umbilical, surgida cerca de 90 dias antes. Na exploração da cavidade abdominal, identificou-se uma massa adjacente ao trajeto drenante, com diâmetro aproximado de 4,0 cm, aderida à parede abdominal, que envolvia parte da parede vesical e uretra. No interior da massa havia um fragmento de fio transparente de náilon, com diâmetro de 0,4 mm de diâmetro, preso à parede vesical, evidenciando-se a presença de uma fístula vesico cutânea. O procedimento cirúrgico de cistectomia e uretrectomia parciais, com reimplante de uretra fora do trígono vesical, foi bem sucedido na resolução do problema, e em acompanhamento mensal durante nove meses, não se observou nenhum transtorno adicional.AU

This paper reports the case of a five-year old mongrel bitch weighing 12 kg, previously submitted to surgical spaying six months before. The chief complaint was difficulty to urinate and presence of an exudative wound at the retro-umbilical ventral midline, which appeared 90 days before. Exploring the abdominal cavity, there was identified a mass adjacent to the drainage path, with an approximate diameter of 4.0 cm, attached to the abdominal wall, which involved part of the bladder wall and urethra. Within the mass there was found a fragment of transparent nylon suture with a diameter of 0.4 mm in diameter, attached to the bladder wall, being evident the presence of a vesicocutaneous fistula. The surgical procedure of partial cistectomy and urethrectomy, with reimplantation of the urethra out of the vesical trigonus was successful, and in a follow-up period of nine months, no signs of problems were noticed.AU