Lesões cutâneas em bovinos associadas ao consumo de ervilhaca (Vicia villosa) / Lesions in the skin of cattle associated to hairy vetch consumption (Vicia villosa)

Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, with 5-8 year-old (average 6.6 years), Holstein Friesian cattle (7) and Jersey (1) breeds. These cattle had a clinical history of severe pruritus, anorexia, apathy, decreased milk production, weight loss, and hyperthermia. Grossly, lesions were characterized by alopecia (8/8), crusts (7/8), lichenification and seborrhea (2/8), and exudative lesions (2/8), and involved the head (7/8), limbs (5/8), neck (4/8), trunk (4/8), perineum area (3/8), udder (3/8), and tail (3/8).[...]

Lesões cutâneas em bovinos associadas ao consumo de ervilhaca (Vicia villosa) / Lesions in the skin of cattle associated to hairy vetch consumption (Vicia villosa)

Background: Hairy vetch (Vicia spp.) is a high-protein source forage to cattle. The poisoning is clinically characterized by a systemic granulomatous disease, which causes dermatitis, diarrhea, decreased milk production and weight loss. The specie of hairy vetch related to systemic granulomatous disease in cattle is Vicia villosa. This work aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, gross, microscopic and immunohistochemistry features of the skin lesions caused by the consumption of V. villosa in cattle affected by the systemic granulomatous disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study of necropsy and biopsy exams performed between the period of 2005-2016 aiming for cattle with systemic granulomatous disease after consumption of hairy vetch was carried out in the archives of the Setor de Patologia Veterinária from the UFRGS. Epidemiological data included the sex, age, and breed of the animals affected. Gross and microscopical lesions, in addition to the immunohistochemistry anti-T lymphocytes (CD3), anti-B lymphocytes (CD79a), and anti-macrophages (CD68) features, were evaluated. The histological lesions and immunohistochemistry staining were quantified in mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). The diagnosis of systemic granulomatous disease with skin lesions after consumption of Vicia villosa was observed in eight cattle. All animals were females, with 5-8 year-old (average 6.6 years), Holstein Friesian cattle (7) and Jersey (1) breeds. These cattle had a clinical history of severe pruritus, anorexia, apathy, decreased milk production, weight loss, and hyperthermia. Grossly, lesions were characterized by alopecia (8/8), crusts (7/8), lichenification and seborrhea (2/8), and exudative lesions (2/8), and involved the head (7/8), limbs (5/8), neck (4/8), trunk (4/8), perineum area (3/8), udder (3/8), and tail (3/8).[...](AU)

Meningoencefalite granulomatosa em bovinos em pastoreio de ervilhaca (Vicia spp) / Granulomatous meningoencephalitis in cattle grazing vetch (Vicia spp)

Meningoencefalite granulomatosa foi observada em 7 de 8 vacas leiteiras adultas afetadas por doença granulomatosa sistêmica associada ao consumo de ervilhaca, embora nenhum dos bovinos afetados apresentasse sinais de distúrbios nervosos. Os infiltrados inflamatórios localizavam-se nas leptomeninges e como manguitos perivasculares no interior do encéfalo; consistiam de macrófagos epitelióides, linfócitos, plasmócitos e eosinófilos. Essas alterações inflamatórias variavam de leves a acentuadas de animal para animal e entre diferentes regiões do encéfalo de um mesmo animal. Geralmente, os manguitos perivasculares eram mais acentuados que os infiltrados nas leptomeninges. As regiões do encéfalo afetadas, em ordem decrescente de intensidade, diencéfalo através da massa intermedia; mesencéfalo na altura dos colículos rostrais; ponte e pedúnculos cerebelares, bulbo na altura do óbex, lobo frontal na altura do joelho do corpo caloso e cerebelo. O tipo e a distribuição das alterações inflamatórias são enfatizados em relação ao diagnóstico diferencial de outras doenças e lesões do sistema nervoso central de bovinos no contexto do programa brasileiro de vigilância para a encefalopatia espongiforme bovina. (AU)

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis was observed in 7 out of 8 adult dairy cows affected by vetch-associated systemic granulomatous disease, although there was no neurological signs associated with the condition. The cellular inflammatory infiltrates were located in the leptomeninges and as perivascular cuffings within the brain and consisted of epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes, plasm cells and eosinophils. These inflammatory changes varied from mild to severe from animal to animal and among different brain regions of the same animal. Perivascular cuffings were usually more marked than the leptomeningeal infiltrates. Affected brain regions, in decreasing order of intensity, included diencephalon through the level of massa intermedia, mesencephalon at the level of rostral colliculi, pons and cerebellar peduncles, medulla at the level of obex, frontal lobe at the level of the genu of the corpus callosum, and cerebellum. The character and the distribution of the inflammatory changes are emphasized regarding the differential diagnosis with other diseases and lesions of the bovine central nervous system in the context of the Brazilian surveillance program for bovine spongiform encephalopath.(AU)