Removal and killing of multispecies endodontic biofilms by N-acetylcysteine

Removal of bacterial biofilm from the root canal system is essential for the management of endodontic disease. Here we evaluated the antibacterial effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant and mucolytic agent, against mature multispecies endodontic biofilms consisting of Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis on sterile human dentin blocks. The biofilms were exposed to NAC (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL), saturated calcium hydroxide or 2% chlorhexidine solution for 7 days, then examined by scanning electron microscopy. The biofilm viability was measured by viable cell counts and ATP-bioluminescence assay. NAC showed greater efficacy in biofilm cell removal and killing than the other root canal medicaments. Furthermore, 100 mg/mL NAC disrupted the mature multispecies endodontic biofilms completely. These results demonstrate the potential use of NAC in root canal treatment.(AU)

Exploring plant growth-promotion actinomycetes from vermicompost and rhizosphere soil for yield enhancement in chickpea

The main objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize actinomycetes for their plant growth-promotion in chickpea. A total of 89 actinomycetes were screened for their antagonism against fungal pathogens of chickpea by dual culture and metabolite production assays. Four most promising actinomycetes were evaluated for their physiological and plant growth-promotion properties under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All the isolates exhibited good growth at temperatures from 20 °C to 40 °C, pH range of 711 and NaCl concentrations up to 8%. These were also found highly tolerant to Bavistin, slightly tolerant to Thiram and Captan (except VAI-7 and VAI-40) but susceptible to Benlate and Ridomil at field application levels and were found to produce siderophore, cellulase, lipase, protease, chitinase (except VAI-40), hydrocyanic acid (except VAI-7 and VAI-40), indole acetic acid and -1,3-glucanase. When the four actinomycetes were evaluated for their plant growth-promotion properties under field conditions on chickpea, all exhibited increase in nodule number, shoot weight and yield. The actinomycetes treated plots enhanced total N, available P and organic C over the un-inoculated control. The scanning electron microscope studies exhibited extensive colonization by actinomycetes on the root surface of chickpea. The expression profiles for indole acetic acid, siderophore and -1,3-glucanase genes exhibited up-regulation for all three traits and in all four isolates. The actinomycetes were identified as Streptomyces but different species in the 16S rDNA analysis. It was concluded that the selected actinomycetes have good plant growth-promotion and biocontrol potentials on chickpea. (AU)

Actinomicose em bovino - relato de caso / Actinomycosis in bovine - case report

Actinomycosis is an infectious disease that appears in ruminants and human beings. It is a chronic granulomatous and suppurative lesion, usually affecting the cervicofacial area. Definitive diagnosis, by culture or biopsy, but is make by its clinical presentation. The aim of the present study was describe a case report of the patient bovine, eight years old with Actinomycosis that was diagnosed and treatment in the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary School of the Ourinhos.

A actinomicose é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa crônica que acomete principalmente os ruminantes, podendo ser transmitida aos humanos. É caracterizada pela presença de lesão granulomatosa e supurativa, localizada na maxila ou na mandíbula. O diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se em biopsia ou cultivo, porém na maioria das vezes é realizado pelo aspecto clínico da lesão. O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever um relato de bovino de oito anos de idade com lesão ulcerada na mandíbula provocada por actinomicose que foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos.

Actinomicose em bovino - relato de caso / Actinomycosis in bovine - case report

Actinomycosis is an infectious disease that appears in ruminants and human beings. It is a chronic granulomatous and suppurative lesion, usually affecting the cervicofacial area. Definitive diagnosis, by culture or biopsy, but is make by its clinical presentation. The aim of the present study was describe a case report of the patient bovine, eight years old with Actinomycosis that was diagnosed and treatment in the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary School of the Ourinhos.(AU)

A actinomicose é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa crônica que acomete principalmente os ruminantes, podendo ser transmitida aos humanos. É caracterizada pela presença de lesão granulomatosa e supurativa, localizada na maxila ou na mandíbula. O diagnóstico definitivo baseia-se em biopsia ou cultivo, porém na maioria das vezes é realizado pelo aspecto clínico da lesão. O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever um relato de bovino de oito anos de idade com lesão ulcerada na mandíbula provocada por actinomicose que foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos.(AU)

Actinomicose mandibular em ovino: relato de caso / Jaw actinomycosis in a sheep: case report

O agente primário da actinomicose/osteomielite mandibular é o Actinomyces bovis que infecta principalmente ossos da cavidade oral de bovinos, acarretando prejuízos econômicos devido a perda de peso ocasionada pela dor à mastigação. O diagnóstico é comumente realizado por um bom exame clínico, radiográfico, bacterioscopia e cultivo microbiológico. Neste relato é apresentado o caso de um ovino com aumento localizado de mandíbula. O exame radiográfico demonstrou osteomielite. Amostras da lesão foram coletadas para realização de exame microbiológico e histopatológico. A histopatologia evidenciou lesão piogranulomatosa e na bacterioscopia foi demonstrado um agente Gram-positivo ramificado, filamentoso e catalase negativo. Os achados clínicos associados aos resultados dos exames complementares confirmaram a ocorrência incomum de infecção mandibular por A. bovis em um ovino.

JAW ACTINOMYCOSIS IN A SHEEP: CASE REPORT. The primary agent of actinomicosis/mandibular osteomyelitis is Actinomyces bovis that infects mainly bones of the oral cavity of cattle, resulting in economic losses due to weight loss caused by pain on chewing. The diagnosis is usually made by a good clinical examination, radiographic, bacterioscopy and microbiological culture. This report describes the case of a sheep that had localized increase of the jaw, where the material from the lesion was collected for microbiological and histopathological diagnosis. Osteomyelitis was demonstrated by radiography. Piogranuloma was observed at the histophatology. Bacterioscopy evidenced a Gram-positive, branched, filamentous and catalase negative agent. The main clinical findings and diagnoses confirmed the occurrence of unusual jaw infection by A. bovis in a sheep.

Actinomicose mandibular em ovino: relato de caso / Jaw actinomycosis in a sheep: case report

O agente primário da actinomicose/osteomielite mandibular é o Actinomyces bovis que infecta principalmente ossos da cavidade oral de bovinos, acarretando prejuízos econômicos devido a perda de peso ocasionada pela dor à mastigação. O diagnóstico é comumente realizado por um bom exame clínico, radiográfico, bacterioscopia e cultivo microbiológico. Neste relato é apresentado o caso de um ovino com aumento localizado de mandíbula. O exame radiográfico demonstrou osteomielite. Amostras da lesão foram coletadas para realização de exame microbiológico e histopatológico. A histopatologia evidenciou lesão piogranulomatosa e na bacterioscopia foi demonstrado um agente Gram-positivo ramificado, filamentoso e catalase negativo. Os achados clínicos associados aos resultados dos exames complementares confirmaram a ocorrência incomum de infecção mandibular por A. bovis em um ovino. (AU)

JAW ACTINOMYCOSIS IN A SHEEP: CASE REPORT. The primary agent of actinomicosis/mandibular osteomyelitis is Actinomyces bovis that infects mainly bones of the oral cavity of cattle, resulting in economic losses due to weight loss caused by pain on chewing. The diagnosis is usually made by a good clinical examination, radiographic, bacterioscopy and microbiological culture. This report describes the case of a sheep that had localized increase of the jaw, where the material from the lesion was collected for microbiological and histopathological diagnosis. Osteomyelitis was demonstrated by radiography. Piogranuloma was observed at the histophatology. Bacterioscopy evidenced a Gram-positive, branched, filamentous and catalase negative agent. The main clinical findings and diagnoses confirmed the occurrence of unusual jaw infection by A. bovis in a sheep. (AU)