Phytochemical characterization and biological activities of Plectranthus barbatus Andrews / Caracterização fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de Plectranthus barbatus Andrews

Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Lamiaceae) is widely distributed in the world and has a range of popular therapeutic indications. This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical characterization of two leaf extracts of P. barbatus, and their antimicrobial, antineoplastic and immunomodulatory potential. After collection, herborization and obtainment of the P. barbatus aqueous extract (PBA) and acetone:water 7:3 P. barbatus organic extract (PBO), the phytochemical characterization was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimicrobial activity was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against eight bacterial strains using the microdilution test and the fungus Trichophyton rubrum by disc diffusion assay and microdilution test. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT and trypan blue methods in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at concentrations ranged between 0.1 to 100 µg.mL-1 and in neoplastic cell lines Toledo, K562, DU-145 and PANC-1 at 1, 10 and 100 µg.mL-1 . Immunomodulatory activity, was evaluated by sandwich ELISA of proinflammatory cytokines at BALB/c mice splenocytes cultures supernatant. Both extracts presented flavonoids, cinnamic derivatives, steroids and ellagic acid. PBO showed bacteriostatic activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC = 250 µg.mL-1) clinical isolate and PBA fungistatic activity against Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 800 µg.mL-1). The extracts did not exhibit toxicity to PBMCs and neoplastic cells (IC50 > 100 µg.mL-1). Additionally, PBO at 100 µg.mL-1 significantly inhibited IFN-γ and IL-17A cytokines (p = 0.03). Plectranthus barbatus is a potential candidate for therapeutic use due to its low toxicity in healthy human cells and exhibits biological activities of medical interest as bacteriostatic, fungistatic and immunomodulatory.

Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Lamiaceae) é amplamente distribuída no mundo e com uma série de indicações terapêuticas populares. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a caracterização fitoquímica de dois extratos da folha de P. barbatus e seu potencial antimicrobiano, antineoplásico e imunomodulador. Após coleta, herborização e obtenção do extrato aquoso (PBA) e acetona: água 7: 3 (orgânico) (PBO) de P. barbatus, a caracterização fitoquímica foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) contra oito cepas bacterianas usando o teste de microdiluição e o fungo Trichophyton rubrum por ensaio de difusão em disco e teste de microdiluição. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada por métodos MTT e azul de tripan em células normais mononucleares do sangue periférico (CMSP) em concentrações variadas entre 0,1 a 100 µg.mL-1 e nas linhagens celulares neoplásicas Toledo, K562, DU-145 e PANC-1 em 1, 10 e 100 µg.mL-1 . A atividade imunomoduladora foi avaliada por ELISA sanduíche de citocinas pró-inflamatórias em sobrenadante de culturas de esplenócitos de camundongos BALB/c. Ambos os extratos apresentaram flavonoides, derivados cinâmicos, esteróides e ácido elágico. O PBO mostrou atividade bacteriostática contra Acinetobacter baumannii (CIM = 250 µg.mL-1) e atividade fungistática do PBA contra Trichophyton rubrum (CIM = 800 µg.mL-1). Os extratos não apresentaram toxicidade para CMSP e células neoplásicas (IC50 > 100 µg.mL-1). Além disso, o PBO a 100 µg.mL-1 inibiu significativamente as citocinas IFN-γ e IL-17A (p = 0,03). Plectranthus barbatus é um candidato potencial para uso terapêutico devido à sua baixa toxicidade em células humanas saudáveis e exibe atividade de interesse médico como bacteriostática, fungistática e imunomoduladora.

Antifungal and antioxidant effect of the lachnophyllum ester, isolated from the essential oil of Baccharis trinervis (Lam. ) Pers., against dermatophytes fungi / Efeito antifúngico e antioxidante do éster lacnofilum, isolado do óleo essencial de Baccharis trinervis (Lam. ) Pers., contra fungos dermatófitos

Dermatophytes are hyaline fungi that parasitize the keratinized tissue of humans and animals causing mycotic infections. Natural products are promising molecules for the development of new antifungal drugs, due to the phenomenon of resistance and toxicity. This study reports the isolation and identification of lachnophyllum ester and evaluates its antioxidant, antifungal and modulatory activities against dermatophytes fungi. Lachnophyllum ester was obtained using a silica gel column chromatography of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Baccharis trinervis and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method. The modulatory activity assays were performed by the checkerboard technique using lachnophyllum ester and ketoconazole as standard. The lachnophyllum ester exhibited good antioxidant activity as measured by a β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching system, with 71.43% ± 0.01% inhibition rate. In addition, it showed antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis strains. In the modulatory assay, interaction between lachnophyllum ester and ketoconazole was synergistic, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the antifungal drug and modulating its antifungal action against dermatophyte strains. In conclusion, lachnophyllum ester has been shown to act as a natural antioxidant compound, as well as an antimicrobial alternative against dermatophyte fungi of the genus Trichophyton and Microsporum.(AU)

Dermatófitos são fungos hialinos que parasitam o tecido queratinizado de humanos e animais causando infecções fúngicas. Os produtos naturais são moléculas promissoras para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antifúngicos, devido ao fenômeno de resistência e a toxicidade. Este estudo relata o isolamento e a identificação do éster lacnofilum e avalia sua atividade antioxidante, antifúngica e modulatória contra fungos dermatófitos. O éster lacnofilum foi obtido por cromatografia em coluna de sílica gel do óleo essencial das partes aéreas da Baccharis trinervis e analisado por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Os ensaios de atividade modulatória foram realizados pela técnica de checkerboard, utilizando éster lacnofilum e cetoconazol como padrão. O éster lacnofilum exibiu boa atividade antioxidante, medida pelo sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoléico, com taxa de inibição de 71,43% ± 0,01%. Além disso, mostrou atividade antifúngica contra as cepas de Trichophyton rubrum e Microsporum canis. No ensaio modulatório, a interação entre éster lacnofilum e cetoconazol foi sinérgica, reduzindo os valores concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do antifúngico e modulando sua ação antifúngica contra cepas de dermatófitos. Em conclusão, o éster lacnofilum demonstrou atuar como um composto antioxidante natural, bem como uma alternativa antimicrobiana contra fungos dermatófitos do gênero Trichophyton e Microsporum.(AU)

The presence of dermatophytes in infected pets and their household environment / Presença de dermatófitos em pets infectados e em seu ambiente domiciliar

The aim of this study was to diagnose dermatophytosis in pets and investigate the presence of dermatophytes in their home environment. Samples from hair coat were collected from 70 pets: 47 dogs, 19 cats, three guinea pigs and one rabbit. After mycological culture, 188 samples were collected from the household environments in 26 homes: 78 from places were of predominantly used by the tutors, 66 from places used by the animals, 44 from flooring, and 24 samples from contactees. Samples were seeded on Mycosel agar, incubated at 25°C, and the colonies were identified by their macro-and-microscopic characteristics. Dermatophytes were found in 37.1% of the samples originating from the sick animals. Microsporum canis was the most prevalent species, isolated in 12 dogs and eight cats; Trichophyton quinckeanum in three guinea pigs, Microsporum gypseum in two dogs and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in one cat. Dermatophytes were found in 69.2% of the surveyed homes; 29.5% of the places/objects predominantly used by the tutors, 42.4% mainly used by the animals, 31.8% from floors, and 50% from contactees. The meeting of dermatophytes in animals and in the household environment confirms the possibility of transmission by direct or indirect contact and their importance in public health.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi diagnosticar dermatofitose em pets e pesquisar dermatófitos em seu ambiente domiciliar. Colheram-se amostras de 70 pets, 47 cães, 19 gatos, três cobaias e um coelho. Visitaram-se 26 residências dos animais positivos em cultura micológica para a doença, colhendo-se 188 amostras do ambiente: 78 de locais de uso predominante dos tutores, 66 de uso dos animais e 44 de pisos; também foram colhidas 24 amostras de animais contactantes. As amostras clínicas foram semeadas em ágar Mycosel, incubadas a 25°C, e as colônias identificadas por suas características macro e microscópicas. Dermatófitos foram isolados em 37,1% dos animais suspeitos. Microsporum canis foi o mais frequente, sendo isolado de 12 cães e oito gatos, Trichophyton quinckeanum de três cobaias, Microsporum gypseum de dois cães e Trichophyton mentagrophytes de um gato. Foram encontrados dermatófitos em 69,2% das casas pesquisadas, isolando-se esses fungos em 29,5% dos locais/objetos de uso predominante dos tutores, 42,4% de uso predominante dos animais, 31,8% de pisos e 50% dos animais contactantes. O encontro de dermatófitos nos animais e em superfícies inanimadas nas residências confirma a possibilidade de transmissão de dermatofitose por contato direto e indireto e sua importância em saúde pública.(AU)

The presence of dermatophytes in infected pets and their household environment / Presença de dermatófitos em pets infectados e em seu ambiente domiciliar

The aim of this study was to diagnose dermatophytosis in pets and investigate the presence of dermatophytes in their home environment. Samples from hair coat were collected from 70 pets: 47 dogs, 19 cats, three guinea pigs and one rabbit. After mycological culture, 188 samples were collected from the household environments in 26 homes: 78 from places were of predominantly used by the tutors, 66 from places used by the animals, 44 from flooring, and 24 samples from contactees. Samples were seeded on Mycosel agar, incubated at 25°C, and the colonies were identified by their macro-and-microscopic characteristics. Dermatophytes were found in 37.1% of the samples originating from the sick animals. Microsporum canis was the most prevalent species, isolated in 12 dogs and eight cats; Trichophyton quinckeanum in three guinea pigs, Microsporum gypseum in two dogs and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in one cat. Dermatophytes were found in 69.2% of the surveyed homes; 29.5% of the places/objects predominantly used by the tutors, 42.4% mainly used by the animals, 31.8% from floors, and 50% from contactees. The meeting of dermatophytes in animals and in the household environment confirms the possibility of transmission by direct or indirect contact and their importance in public health.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi diagnosticar dermatofitose em pets e pesquisar dermatófitos em seu ambiente domiciliar. Colheram-se amostras de 70 pets, 47 cães, 19 gatos, três cobaias e um coelho. Visitaram-se 26 residências dos animais positivos em cultura micológica para a doença, colhendo-se 188 amostras do ambiente: 78 de locais de uso predominante dos tutores, 66 de uso dos animais e 44 de pisos; também foram colhidas 24 amostras de animais contactantes. As amostras clínicas foram semeadas em ágar Mycosel, incubadas a 25°C, e as colônias identificadas por suas características macro e microscópicas. Dermatófitos foram isolados em 37,1% dos animais suspeitos. Microsporum canis foi o mais frequente, sendo isolado de 12 cães e oito gatos, Trichophyton quinckeanum de três cobaias, Microsporum gypseum de dois cães e Trichophyton mentagrophytes de um gato. Foram encontrados dermatófitos em 69,2% das casas pesquisadas, isolando-se esses fungos em 29,5% dos locais/objetos de uso predominante dos tutores, 42,4% de uso predominante dos animais, 31,8% de pisos e 50% dos animais contactantes. O encontro de dermatófitos nos animais e em superfícies inanimadas nas residências confirma a possibilidade de transmissão de dermatofitose por contato direto e indireto e sua importância em saúde pública.(AU)

Dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a free-living maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Background: Chrysocyon brachyurus is a South American wild canid considered a species near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is classified as vulnerable in the National List of Endangered Species. With the increase of the contact between domestic animals, human population and wild animals, there was a greater exposure of the maned wolf to pathogens. Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of emerging infectious diseases that affect this species becomes essential. This report aims to describe the first diagnosed case of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a maned wolf.Case: A free-living female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), approximately 60 days old, was rescued with presence of alopecia, non-pruritic lesions, one of circular shape located in the nasal plane and the other with signs of scaling and crusts in the region of the left pina. The animal was active, in good general condition and without other significant changes to clinical examination. Skin scraping was performed for mycological culture of both lesions. Fungal growth on Sabouraud’s agar identified Microsporum canis. Topical therapy with ketoconazole ointment and cleaning of lesions with 0.2% chlorhexidine was instituted. After 20 days of treatment, remission of clinical signs and repilation of affected areas were observed. New mycological cultures of both areas were carried out, which were negative for Microsporum canis.Discussion: Although Microsporum canis is described as causing dermatophytosis in several animal species, it has apparently not yet been reported in maned wolves. Microsporum canis is one of the most isolated zoophilic dermatophytes in domestic cats and is also cited in reports of symptomatic wild felids, such as tigers, in which it has been identified as either the only agent of infection or in association with Trichophyton mentagrophytes.[...]

Dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a free-living maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Background: Chrysocyon brachyurus is a South American wild canid considered a species near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is classified as vulnerable in the National List of Endangered Species. With the increase of the contact between domestic animals, human population and wild animals, there was a greater exposure of the maned wolf to pathogens. Due to the importance of its conservation, the knowledge of emerging infectious diseases that affect this species becomes essential. This report aims to describe the first diagnosed case of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis in a maned wolf.Case: A free-living female maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), approximately 60 days old, was rescued with presence of alopecia, non-pruritic lesions, one of circular shape located in the nasal plane and the other with signs of scaling and crusts in the region of the left pina. The animal was active, in good general condition and without other significant changes to clinical examination. Skin scraping was performed for mycological culture of both lesions. Fungal growth on Sabourauds agar identified Microsporum canis. Topical therapy with ketoconazole ointment and cleaning of lesions with 0.2% chlorhexidine was instituted. After 20 days of treatment, remission of clinical signs and repilation of affected areas were observed. New mycological cultures of both areas were carried out, which were negative for Microsporum canis.Discussion: Although Microsporum canis is described as causing dermatophytosis in several animal species, it has apparently not yet been reported in maned wolves. Microsporum canis is one of the most isolated zoophilic dermatophytes in domestic cats and is also cited in reports of symptomatic wild felids, such as tigers, in which it has been identified as either the only agent of infection or in association with Trichophyton mentagrophytes.[...](AU)

Ocorrência de dermatófitos em tegumento de bovinos e ovinos hígidos / Occurrence of dermatophytes in healthy cattle and sheep tegument / Ocurrencia de dermatofitos en tegumento de bovinos y ovinos hígidos

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a prevalência de dermatófitos em tegumento de bovinos e ovinos hígidos e a sua capacidade de transmissão e desenvolvimento da doença. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de pelo e descamações de 90 bovinos e 90 ovinos hígidos. Essas amostras foram semeadas em meio DTM e ágar Sabouraud Dextrose enriquecido com extrato de levedura, tiamina, antibióticos (estreptomicina e cloranfenicol) e suplementado de cicloheximida, sendo essas incubadas a 35 oC por 10 dias. As culturas positivas foram avaliadas macro e microscopicamente e, os fungos foram identificados por métodos bioquímicos. Verificou-se que as espécies isoladas com maior frequência, nos bovinos, foram T. mentagrophytes e M. gypseum. Nos ovinos, foi constatada maior ocorrência do agente T. verrucosum, seguido por T. mentagrophytes e M. gypseum. Houve também isolamento de M. canis, porém, em um número reduzido de amostras. Assim, concluiu-se que o tegumento de bovinos e de ovinos hígidos apresentou incidência elevada de dermatófitos de diferentes espécies, em amostras coletadas durante o período chuvoso do ano. Por isso, em animais jovens ou naqueles submetidos a elevados níveis de estresse e, consequente queda da resposta imunológica, o risco de desenvolvimento da dermatofitose e da transmissão dos dermatófitos neste período são eminentes.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatophytes in healthy cattle and sheep teguments, and their ability to transmit and develop diseases. Samples of fur and flaking from 90 healthy cattle and 90 healthy sheep were collected. These samples were plated on DTM medium and Sabouraud Dextrose agar supplemented with yeast extract, thiamine, antibiotics (streptomycin and chloramphenicol) enhanced with cycloheximide. They were then incubated at 35 °C for 10 days. Positive cultures were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and fungi were identified by biochemical methods. It was found that the most frequent species isolated in cattle were T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. In sheep, a higher occurrence of the agent T. verrucosum could be observed, followed by T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. There was also the isolation of M. canis, but in a small number of samples. Thus, it could be concluded that the tegument of healthy cattle and sheep showed high incidence of dermatophytes from different species in samples collected during the rainy season of the year. Therefore, in young animals, in those subjected to high levels of stress and consequent drop in immune response, there is eminent risk of developing dermatophytosis and transmission of dermatophytes in this period.(AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido verificar la prevalencia de dermatofitos en tegumento de bovinos y ovinos hígidos y su capacidad de transmisión y desarrollo de la enfermedad. Para ello, se recolectó muestras de pelo y descamaciones de 90 bovinos y 90 ovinos hígidos. Esas muestras fueron sembradas en medio DTM y agar Sabouraud Dextrosis enriquecida con extracto de levadura, tiamina, antibióticos (estreptomicina y cloranfenicol) y suplementado de cicloheximida, siendo esas incubadas a 35ºC durante 10 días. Los cultivos positivos fueron evaluados macro y microscópicamente y los hongos fueron identificados por métodos bioquímicos. Se verificó que las especies aisladas con mayor frecuencia, en los bovinos, fueron T. mentagrophytes y M. gypseum. En los ovinos, se constató mayor ocurrencia del agente T. verrucosum, seguido por T. mentagrophytes y M. gypseum. También hubo aislamiento de M. canis, sin embargo, en un número reducido de muestras. Así, se concluyó que el tegumento de bovinos y de ovinos hígidos presentó una elevada incidencia de dermatofitos de diferentes especies, en muestras recogidas durante el período lluvioso del año. Por lo tanto, en animales jóvenes o en aquellos sometidos a altos niveles de estrés y, consecuente caída de la respuesta inmunológica, el riesgo de desarrollo de la dermatofitosis y de la transmisión de los dermatofitos en este período son eminentes.(AU)

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils and extracts from Plectranthus spp. against dermatophytes fungi

Resistance to use antifungal drugs is a great concern seeking for scientists to discover new products to treat fungal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils and extracts of Plectranthus grandis and Plectranthus ornatus against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis dermatophytes strains. Extracts were obtained from leaves by maceration in ethanol (96%) during 7 days. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 25 components were identified, as major constituents the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene, α-copaene, germacrene, β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH scavenging assay and antifungal action was determined by the broth microdilution method. The decocts obtained from the extraction of essential oil presented a greater antioxidant action when compared with the essential oils, with IC50 values of 12.35 μg/mL and 15.69 μg/mL to P. ornatus and P. grandis, respectively. Natural products presented significant antifungal activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.078 mg/mL to 0.31 mg/mL for all strains. The synergistic activity between Plectranthus spp. extracts and ketoconazole demonstrated a fungal growth inhibitory action when combined with a standard antifungal drug, indicating its potential for use in preventive veterinary medicine to treat dermatophytoses.(AU)

A resistência ao uso de drogas antifúngicas é uma grande preocupação para os cientistas, que buscam descobrir novos produtos para tratar infecções fúngicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atividades antioxidantes e antifúngicas de óleos essenciais e extratos de Plectranthus grandis e Plectranthus ornatus contra Trichophyton rubrum e Microsporum canis, fungos dermatófitos. Extratos foram obtidos a partir de folhas por maceração em etanol (96%) durante 7 dias. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e analisados por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa. Um total de 25 componentes foram identificados, como constituintes principais, os sesquiterpenos β-cariofileno, a-copaene, germacrene, β-cariofileno e óxido de cariofileno. As atividades antioxidantes foram avaliadas usando o teste de eliminação de DPPH e a ação antifúngica foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição de caldo. Os decoctos obtidos a partir da extração de óleo essencial apresentaram uma maior ação antioxidante quando comparados com os óleos essenciais, com valores de IC50 de 12,35 μg/mL e 15,69 μg/mL para P. ornatus e P. grandis, respectivamente. Os produtos naturais apresentaram atividade antifúngica significativa, com valores de MIC variando de 0,078 mg/mL a 0,31 mg/mL para todas as cepas. A atividade de sinergismo entre extratos de Plectranthus spp. e cetoconazol demonstrou uma ação de inibição do crescimento fúngico, quando da combinação com um fármaco antifúngico padrão, indicando seu potencial de uso em medicina veterinária preventiva para tratar dermatofitoses.(AU)

Ocorrência de dermatófitos em tegumento de bovinos e ovinos hígidos / Occurrence of dermatophytes in healthy cattle and sheep tegument / Ocurrencia de dermatofitos en tegumento de bovinos y ovinos hígidos

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a prevalência de dermatófitos em tegumento de bovinos e ovinos hígidos e a sua capacidade de transmissão e desenvolvimento da doença. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de pelo e descamações de 90 bovinos e 90 ovinos hígidos. Essas amostras foram semeadas em meio DTM e ágar Sabouraud Dextrose enriquecido com extrato de levedura, tiamina, antibióticos (estreptomicina e cloranfenicol) e suplementado de cicloheximida, sendo essas incubadas a 35 oC por 10 dias. As culturas positivas foram avaliadas macro e microscopicamente e, os fungos foram identificados por métodos bioquímicos. Verificou-se que as espécies isoladas com maior frequência, nos bovinos, foram T. mentagrophytes e M. gypseum. Nos ovinos, foi constatada maior ocorrência do agente T. verrucosum, seguido por T. mentagrophytes e M. gypseum. Houve também isolamento de M. canis, porém, em um número reduzido de amostras. Assim, concluiu-se que o tegumento de bovinos e de ovinos hígidos apresentou incidência elevada de dermatófitos de diferentes espécies, em amostras coletadas durante o período chuvoso do ano. Por isso, em animais jovens ou naqueles submetidos a elevados níveis de estresse e, consequente queda da resposta imunológica, o risco de desenvolvimento da dermatofitose e da transmissão dos dermatófitos neste período são eminentes.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatophytes in healthy cattle and sheep teguments, and their ability to transmit and develop diseases. Samples of fur and flaking from 90 healthy cattle and 90 healthy sheep were collected. These samples were plated on DTM medium and Sabouraud Dextrose agar supplemented with yeast extract, thiamine, antibiotics (streptomycin and chloramphenicol) enhanced with cycloheximide. They were then incubated at 35 °C for 10 days. Positive cultures were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and fungi were identified by biochemical methods. It was found that the most frequent species isolated in cattle were T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. In sheep, a higher occurrence of the agent T. verrucosum could be observed, followed by T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum. There was also the isolation of M. canis, but in a small number of samples. Thus, it could be concluded that the tegument of healthy cattle and sheep showed high incidence of dermatophytes from different species in samples collected during the rainy season of the year. Therefore, in young animals, in those subjected to high levels of stress and consequent drop in immune response, there is eminent risk of developing dermatophytosis and transmission of dermatophytes in this period.(AU)

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido verificar la prevalencia de dermatofitos en tegumento de bovinos y ovinos hígidos y su capacidad de transmisión y desarrollo de la enfermedad. Para ello, se recolectó muestras de pelo y descamaciones de 90 bovinos y 90 ovinos hígidos. Esas muestras fueron sembradas en medio DTM y agar Sabouraud Dextrosis enriquecida con extracto de levadura, tiamina, antibióticos (estreptomicina y cloranfenicol) y suplementado de cicloheximida, siendo esas incubadas a 35ºC durante 10 días. Los cultivos positivos fueron evaluados macro y microscópicamente y los hongos fueron identificados por métodos bioquímicos. Se verificó que las especies aisladas con mayor frecuencia, en los bovinos, fueron T. mentagrophytes y M. gypseum. En los ovinos, se constató mayor ocurrencia del agente T. verrucosum, seguido por T. mentagrophytes y M. gypseum. También hubo aislamiento de M. canis, sin embargo, en un número reducido de muestras. Así, se concluyó que el tegumento de bovinos y de ovinos hígidos presentó una elevada incidencia de dermatofitos de diferentes especies, en muestras recogidas durante el período lluvioso del año. Por lo tanto, en animales jóvenes o en aquellos sometidos a altos niveles de estrés y, consecuente caída de la respuesta inmunológica, el riesgo de desarrollo de la dermatofitosis y de la transmisión de los dermatofitos en este período son eminentes.(AU)

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils and extracts from Plectranthus spp. against dermatophytes fungi

Resistance to use antifungal drugs is a great concern seeking for scientists to discover new products to treat fungal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils and extracts of Plectranthus grandis and Plectranthus ornatus against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis dermatophytes strains. Extracts were obtained from leaves by maceration in ethanol (96%) during 7 days. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 25 components were identified, as major constituents the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene, α-copaene, germacrene, β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH scavenging assay and antifungal action was determined by the broth microdilution method. The decocts obtained from the extraction of essential oil presented a greater antioxidant action when compared with the essential oils, with IC50 values of 12.35 μg/mL and 15.69 μg/mL to P. ornatus and P. grandis, respectively. Natural products presented significant antifungal activity, with MIC values ranging from 0.078 mg/mL to 0.31 mg/mL for all strains. The synergistic activity between Plectranthus spp. extracts and ketoconazole demonstrated a fungal growth inhibitory action when combined with a standard antifungal drug, indicating its potential for use in preventive veterinary medicine to treat dermatophytoses.

A resistência ao uso de drogas antifúngicas é uma grande preocupação para os cientistas, que buscam descobrir novos produtos para tratar infecções fúngicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as atividades antioxidantes e antifúngicas de óleos essenciais e extratos de Plectranthus grandis e Plectranthus ornatus contra Trichophyton rubrum e Microsporum canis, fungos dermatófitos. Extratos foram obtidos a partir de folhas por maceração em etanol (96%) durante 7 dias. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e analisados por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa. Um total de 25 componentes foram identificados, como constituintes principais, os sesquiterpenos β-cariofileno, a-copaene, germacrene, β-cariofileno e óxido de cariofileno. As atividades antioxidantes foram avaliadas usando o teste de eliminação de DPPH e a ação antifúngica foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição de caldo. Os decoctos obtidos a partir da extração de óleo essencial apresentaram uma maior ação antioxidante quando comparados com os óleos essenciais, com valores de IC50 de 12,35 μg/mL e 15,69 μg/mL para P. ornatus e P. grandis, respectivamente. Os produtos naturais apresentaram atividade antifúngica significativa, com valores de MIC variando de 0,078 mg/mL a 0,31 mg/mL para todas as cepas. A atividade de sinergismo entre extratos de Plectranthus spp. e cetoconazol demonstrou uma ação de inibição do crescimento fúngico, quando da combinação com um fármaco antifúngico padrão, indicando seu potencial de uso em medicina veterinária preventiva para tratar dermatofitoses.

Diagnosis of fungal and parasitic dermatopathies in dogs and cats of Paraíba state, Brazil / Diagnóstico de dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias em cães e gatos na Paraíba, Brasil

This study aimed to diagnose fungal and parasitic dermatopathies, describing its casuistry in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Hospital (VH) of the Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (LIID) and at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (SAMC), VH/IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil. Fifty-eight animals with skin lesions, including 41 dogs and 17 cats, were evaluated. Samples from the lesions were processed, resulting in 12.2% (5/41) of dogs testing positive for dermatophytes; 60% (3/5) of those cases were confirmed with Microsporum canis infections. For scabies, 24.4% (10/ 41) of dogs tested positive; of these, 80% (8/10, p≤0.05) had Demodex canis infections. In cats, 17.6% (3/17) were positive for dermatophytes; of these, 67% (2/3) were confirmed to have Microsporum gypseum infections. The positive testing rate for scabies in cats was 17.6% (3/17); of these, 67% (2/3) were Notoedres cati infections. In one cat, a concomitant infection was found witha dermatophyte (M. gypseum) and scabies (N. cati). It was concluded that the occurrence of dermatopathies is high at the SAMC/VH/IFPB. The main dermatophytes found were M. canis in dogs and M. gypseum in cats, and the most frequent scabies were D. canis in dogs and N. cati in cats.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar as dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias, descrevendo a casuística dessas enfermidades em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário do Instituto Federal da Paraíba – IFPB, campus Sousa, Paraíba-PB.O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas – LIDIC e na Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais - CMPA, HV/IFPB. Foram avaliados 58 animais, sendo 41 cães e 17 gatos. As amostras coletadas para as análises laboratoriais foram pelos e crostas das lesões. Obtiveram-se 12,2% (5/41) dos cães positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 60% (3/5) para Microsporum canis. Para sarnas, 24,4% (10/41) dos cães foram positivos, em 80% (8/10; p≤0,05) a infestação era por Demodex canis. Nos gatos, 17,6% (3/17) foram positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 67% (2/3) Microsporum gypseum. A positividade para sarnas em gatos foi 17,6% (3/17), destes, 67% (2/3) para Notoedres cati. Em apenas um felino foi encontrada infecção concomitante entre dermatófito (M. gypseum) e sarna (N.cati). Concluiu-se que é alta a casuística de dermatopatias na CMPA/HV/IFPB. O principal dermatófito encontrado em cães foi M. canis e em gatos M. gypseum. Dentre as sarnas Demodex spp. foi a mais frequente para cães e Notoedres sp. para gatos.

Diagnosis of fungal and parasitic dermatopathies in dogs and cats of Paraíba state, Brazil / Diagnóstico de dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias em cães e gatos na Paraíba, Brasil

This study aimed to diagnose fungal and parasitic dermatopathies, describing its casuistry in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Hospital (VH) of the Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (LIID) and at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (SAMC), VH/IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil. Fifty-eight animals with skin lesions, including 41 dogs and 17 cats, were evaluated. Samples from the lesions were processed, resulting in 12.2% (5/41) of dogs testing positive for dermatophytes; 60% (3/5) of those cases were confirmed with Microsporum canis infections. For scabies, 24.4% (10/ 41) of dogs tested positive; of these, 80% (8/10, p≤0.05) had Demodex canis infections. In cats, 17.6% (3/17) were positive for dermatophytes; of these, 67% (2/3) were confirmed to have Microsporum gypseum infections. The positive testing rate for scabies in cats was 17.6% (3/17); of these, 67% (2/3) were Notoedres cati infections. In one cat, a concomitant infection was found witha dermatophyte (M. gypseum) and scabies (N. cati). It was concluded that the occurrence of dermatopathies is high at the SAMC/VH/IFPB. The main dermatophytes found were M. canis in dogs and M. gypseum in cats, and the most frequent scabies were D. canis in dogs and N. cati in cats.(AU)

O objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar as dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias, descrevendo a casuística dessas enfermidades em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário do Instituto Federal da Paraíba IFPB, campus Sousa, Paraíba-PB.O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas LIDIC e na Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais - CMPA, HV/IFPB. Foram avaliados 58 animais, sendo 41 cães e 17 gatos. As amostras coletadas para as análises laboratoriais foram pelos e crostas das lesões. Obtiveram-se 12,2% (5/41) dos cães positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 60% (3/5) para Microsporum canis. Para sarnas, 24,4% (10/41) dos cães foram positivos, em 80% (8/10; p≤0,05) a infestação era por Demodex canis. Nos gatos, 17,6% (3/17) foram positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 67% (2/3) Microsporum gypseum. A positividade para sarnas em gatos foi 17,6% (3/17), destes, 67% (2/3) para Notoedres cati. Em apenas um felino foi encontrada infecção concomitante entre dermatófito (M. gypseum) e sarna (N.cati). Concluiu-se que é alta a casuística de dermatopatias na CMPA/HV/IFPB. O principal dermatófito encontrado em cães foi M. canis e em gatos M. gypseum. Dentre as sarnas Demodex spp. foi a mais frequente para cães e Notoedres sp. para gatos.(AU)

Padronização de multiplex PCR para detecção de dermatófitos em pelos e crostas de cães e gatos / Standardization of a PCR multiplex for the detection of dermatophytes in dogs and cats fur and crusts

Objetivou-se padronizar uma reação do tipo multiplex PCR (mPCR) para detectar Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum e o complexo Trichophyton mentagrophytes em amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos. 250 amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos foram analisadas por meio de exame direto e cultura, o DNA das mesmas foi extraído para mPCR. Primers foram desenhados e como controle positivo da reação utilizou-se o DNA extraído de colônias de M. canis (URM 6273), M. gypseum (URM 6921) e T. mentagrophytes (URM 6211), provenientes da Coleção de Culturas (Micoteca URM), Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CCB/UFPE). Como controles negativos de reação, utilizou-se água destilada esterilizada e DNA extraído de Alternaria sp. para verificar a especificidade dos primers. Do total de amostras analisadas, 15 (6%) foram identificadas, em cultura, como dermatófitos, e destas, 10 foram M. canis, três M. gypseum e dois T. mentagrophytes (complexo). Destas 15 amostras positivas, 11 (73,3%) foram detectadas por meio da mPCR. Além destas, seis outras, negativas em cultura, foram identificadas como M. gypseum. Verificou-se uma boa concordância entre os resultados da cultura e mPCR (Kappa: 0,66). O protocolo padronizado neste estudo pode ser utilizado como um método de triagem, por apresentar uma sensibilidade maior que a da cultura, usado paralelamente aos exames de rotina, permitindo um diagnóstico em menor tempo.(AU)

The aim of this study was to standardize a multiplex PCR (mPCR) reaction to detect Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex in dog and cat fur and/or crusts. 250 fur and/or crusts samples from dogs and cats were analyzed by direct examination and culture, DNA from them was extracted for mPCR. Primers were designed and the DNA extracted from colonies of M. canis (URM 6273), M. gypseum (URM 6921) and T. mentagrophytes (URM 6211) from the Collection of Cultures - URM Micoteca - Department of Mycology, Biological Sciences Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco (CCB / UFPE). As negative controls, sterile distilled water and DNA extracted from Alternaria sp., were used to verify the specificity of the primers. Of the total samples analyzed, 15 (6%) were identified in culture as dermatophytes, and of these, 10 were M. canis, three M. gypseum and two T. mentagrophytes (complex). Of these 15 positive samples, 11 (73.3%) were detected by mPCR. Besides these, six others, negative in culture, were identified as M. gypseum. There was good agreement between culture results and mPCR (Kappa: 0.66). The protocol standardized in this study can be used as a screening method, because it has a sensitivity greater than that of the culture, used in parallel to the routine exams, allowing a diagnosis in a shorter time.(AU)

Padronização de multiplex PCR para detecção de dermatófitos em pelos e crostas de cães e gatos / Standardization of a PCR multiplex for the detection of dermatophytes in dogs and cats fur and crusts

Objetivou-se padronizar uma reação do tipo multiplex PCR (mPCR) para detectar Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum e o complexo Trichophyton mentagrophytes em amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos. 250 amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos foram analisadas por meio de exame direto e cultura, o DNA das mesmas foi extraído para mPCR. Primers foram desenhados e como controle positivo da reação utilizou-se o DNA extraído de colônias de M. canis (URM 6273), M. gypseum (URM 6921) e T. mentagrophytes (URM 6211), provenientes da Coleção de Culturas (Micoteca URM), Departamento de Micologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CCB/UFPE). Como controles negativos de reação, utilizou-se água destilada esterilizada e DNA extraído de Alternaria sp. para verificar a especificidade dos primers. Do total de amostras analisadas, 15 (6%) foram identificadas, em cultura, como dermatófitos, e destas, 10 foram M. canis, três M. gypseum e dois T. mentagrophytes (complexo). Destas 15 amostras positivas, 11 (73,3%) foram detectadas por meio da mPCR. Além destas, seis outras, negativas em cultura, foram identificadas como M. gypseum. Verificou-se uma boa concordância entre os resultados da cultura e mPCR (Kappa: 0,66). O protocolo padronizado neste estudo pode ser utilizado como um método de triagem, por apresentar uma sensibilidade maior que a da cultura, usado paralelamente aos exames de rotina, permitindo um diagnóstico em menor tempo.(AU)

The aim of this study was to standardize a multiplex PCR (mPCR) reaction to detect Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex in dog and cat fur and/or crusts. 250 fur and/or crusts samples from dogs and cats were analyzed by direct examination and culture, DNA from them was extracted for mPCR. Primers were designed and the DNA extracted from colonies of M. canis (URM 6273), M. gypseum (URM 6921) and T. mentagrophytes (URM 6211) from the Collection of Cultures - URM Micoteca - Department of Mycology, Biological Sciences Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco (CCB / UFPE). As negative controls, sterile distilled water and DNA extracted from Alternaria sp., were used to verify the specificity of the primers. Of the total samples analyzed, 15 (6%) were identified in culture as dermatophytes, and of these, 10 were M. canis, three M. gypseum and two T. mentagrophytes (complex). Of these 15 positive samples, 11 (73.3%) were detected by mPCR. Besides these, six others, negative in culture, were identified as M. gypseum. There was good agreement between culture results and mPCR (Kappa: 0.66). The protocol standardized in this study can be used as a screening method, because it has a sensitivity greater than that of the culture, used in parallel to the routine exams, allowing a diagnosis in a shorter time.(AU)

Dermatophytes in cats without dermatopathies in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, Brazil / Dermatófitos em gatos sem dermatopatias na região metropolitana de Florianópolis, Brasil

Background: Dermatophytes are infectious agents responsible for dermatophytosis, an important worldwide zoonosis. Cats are considered potential hosts and reservoir of these fungi, especially Microsporum canis. The prevalence in cats without dermatopathies varies according to the region, climate and animal husbandry. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of dermatophytes in cats without clinical signs of dermatopathy in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, situated in the coast of Southern Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 198 samples were obtained from cats without dermatopathies domiciled in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis. The collections were made through vigorous hair brushing throughout the body of the animal, using a sterile toothbrush. Mycological culture was performed onto Sabouraud Agar Chloramphenicol-Cyclohexamide (SCC), and incubated at 25-27C for 21-28 days. The diagnosis was based on the macro and micromorphological characteristics of the isolated dermatophyte. One hundred and ten samples (55.6%) were collected in veterinary clinics and 88 (44.4%) in multiple household cats (average 11). The frequency of dermatophytes corresponded to 3.0% (6/198). Only the genus Microsporum was observed with predominance of M. canis (66.7%), followed by M. gypseum (33.3%). Saprotrophic fungi were observed in 94.4% of the cultures and [...]

Dermatophytes in cats without dermatopathies in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, Brazil / Dermatófitos em gatos sem dermatopatias na região metropolitana de Florianópolis, Brasil

Background: Dermatophytes are infectious agents responsible for dermatophytosis, an important worldwide zoonosis. Cats are considered potential hosts and reservoir of these fungi, especially Microsporum canis. The prevalence in cats without dermatopathies varies according to the region, climate and animal husbandry. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of dermatophytes in cats without clinical signs of dermatopathy in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis, situated in the coast of Southern Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 198 samples were obtained from cats without dermatopathies domiciled in the metropolitan area of Florianópolis. The collections were made through vigorous hair brushing throughout the body of the animal, using a sterile toothbrush. Mycological culture was performed onto Sabouraud Agar Chloramphenicol-Cyclohexamide (SCC), and incubated at 25-27C for 21-28 days. The diagnosis was based on the macro and micromorphological characteristics of the isolated dermatophyte. One hundred and ten samples (55.6%) were collected in veterinary clinics and 88 (44.4%) in multiple household cats (average 11). The frequency of dermatophytes corresponded to 3.0% (6/198). Only the genus Microsporum was observed with predominance of M. canis (66.7%), followed by M. gypseum (33.3%). Saprotrophic fungi were observed in 94.4% of the cultures and [...](AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: dermatological aspects and associated dermatoses / Leishmaniose visceral canina: aspectos dermatológicos e dermatoses associadas

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania chagasi (syn. L. infantum). The dog is the main reservoir for this infectious agent in the urban environment. Among the various systemic signs of viscerotropic infection by L. chagasi, cutaneous lesions, including exfoliative dermatitis, cutaneous ulcers and nodules, alopecia, papular or pustular dermatitis, and onychogryphosis, are the most common in dogs. This study aimed to describe the major cutaneous lesions, evaluate the skin parasite L. chagasi by PCR, and investigate the main dermatoses associated with this zoonosis. Materials, Methods & Results: This study evaluated 50 seropositive dogs of various breeds and sizes for VL by ELISA and IFA and for the dermatological signs associated with VL. Moreover, molecular analysis of skin fragments was performed with primers 150 and 152 for the genus Leishmania, and the species was verified as L. chagasi with RV1 and RV2 primers. Deep skin scraping for mites and fungal culture analysis were performed in all dogs. Of the 50 dogs, 15 (30%) were free of systemic or cutaneous signs; however, changes in skin and annexes were observed in 35 (70%) dogs. Thirty-one dogs (62%) presented infection with dermatophytes, 26 (83.9%) with Microsporum sp., and 5 (16.1%) with Trichophyton sp.; only one dog showed parasitism by Sarcoptes scabiei. A statistically [...](AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: dermatological aspects and associated dermatoses / Leishmaniose visceral canina: aspectos dermatológicos e dermatoses associadas

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania chagasi (syn. L. infantum). The dog is the main reservoir for this infectious agent in the urban environment. Among the various systemic signs of viscerotropic infection by L. chagasi, cutaneous lesions, including exfoliative dermatitis, cutaneous ulcers and nodules, alopecia, papular or pustular dermatitis, and onychogryphosis, are the most common in dogs. This study aimed to describe the major cutaneous lesions, evaluate the skin parasite L. chagasi by PCR, and investigate the main dermatoses associated with this zoonosis. Materials, Methods & Results: This study evaluated 50 seropositive dogs of various breeds and sizes for VL by ELISA and IFA and for the dermatological signs associated with VL. Moreover, molecular analysis of skin fragments was performed with primers 150 and 152 for the genus Leishmania, and the species was verified as L. chagasi with RV1 and RV2 primers. Deep skin scraping for mites and fungal culture analysis were performed in all dogs. Of the 50 dogs, 15 (30%) were free of systemic or cutaneous signs; however, changes in skin and annexes were observed in 35 (70%) dogs. Thirty-one dogs (62%) presented infection with dermatophytes, 26 (83.9%) with Microsporum sp., and 5 (16.1%) with Trichophyton sp.; only one dog showed parasitism by Sarcoptes scabiei. A statistically [...]

Isolation of dermatophytes and saprotrophic fungi from the hair coat of cats without skin disorders in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil / Isolamento de dermatófitos e fungos saprotróficos do pelame de gatos sem dermatoses na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre - RS, Brasil

Background: Dermatophytoses are one of the most frequent skin diseases of pets and livestock in the world. Contagionamong animal communities, difficulty in implementing control measures, and the eventual transmission of ringworm topeople explain its great importance. Microsporum canis causes a zoonosis that has increased in several countries, outnumbering classical anthropophilic dermatophytes. The objective of this study was to isolate dermatophytes from the hair coatof cats without skin disorders in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, south of Brazil, as well as evaluate the influenceof age, sex, hair length, habitat and access or not to the street as potential risk factors.Materials, Methods & Results: Samples were obtained from 191 cats with no skin disorders by rubbing sterilized carpetsquares on the cats skin (head, neck, dorsum, limbs and tail) and cultured for dermatophytes on Sabouraud dextrose agarwith chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide and incubated at 27°C for up to 21 days. Only the genus Microsporum (8,4%)was isolated from positive specimens: M. canis (5,8%) and M. gypseum (2,6%). On 15 samples (7,8%) there was no fungalgrowth. From the remaining 160 samples (83,8%), several saprotrophic fungi were isolated: hyaline filamentous fungi[Penicillium sp. (27), Aspergillus sp. (23), Scopulariopsis sp. (22), Acremonium sp. (10), Chrysosporium sp. (7), Paecilomyces sp. (7), Fusarium sp. (2) and unidentified hyalohyphomycetes (13)]; dematiaceous filamentous fungi [Cladosporiumsp. (39), Alternaria sp. (10), Curvularia sp. (10) and unidentified phaeohyphomycetes (14)]; Zygomycetes [Rhizopus sp.(2) and Mucor sp. (1)] and yeasts [Malassezia sp. (2) and Candida sp. (4)]. Inittialy, the possibility of association between predictors variables and a variable answer was evaluated by an univariate logistic regression model. Variables with...(AU)

Isolation of dermatophytes and saprotrophic fungi from the hair coat of cats without skin disorders in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil / Isolamento de dermatófitos e fungos saprotróficos do pelame de gatos sem dermatoses na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre - RS, Brasil

Background: Dermatophytoses are one of the most frequent skin diseases of pets and livestock in the world. Contagionamong animal communities, difficulty in implementing control measures, and the eventual transmission of ringworm topeople explain its great importance. Microsporum canis causes a zoonosis that has increased in several countries, outnumbering classical anthropophilic dermatophytes. The objective of this study was to isolate dermatophytes from the hair coatof cats without skin disorders in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, south of Brazil, as well as evaluate the influenceof age, sex, hair length, habitat and access or not to the street as potential risk factors.Materials, Methods & Results: Samples were obtained from 191 cats with no skin disorders by rubbing sterilized carpetsquares on the cats’ skin (head, neck, dorsum, limbs and tail) and cultured for dermatophytes on Sabouraud dextrose agarwith chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide and incubated at 27°C for up to 21 days. Only the genus Microsporum (8,4%)was isolated from positive specimens: M. canis (5,8%) and M. gypseum (2,6%). On 15 samples (7,8%) there was no fungalgrowth. From the remaining 160 samples (83,8%), several saprotrophic fungi were isolated: hyaline filamentous fungi[Penicillium sp. (27), Aspergillus sp. (23), Scopulariopsis sp. (22), Acremonium sp. (10), Chrysosporium sp. (7), Paecilomyces sp. (7), Fusarium sp. (2) and unidentified hyalohyphomycetes (13)]; dematiaceous filamentous fungi [Cladosporiumsp. (39), Alternaria sp. (10), Curvularia sp. (10) and unidentified phaeohyphomycetes (14)]; Zygomycetes [Rhizopus sp.(2) and Mucor sp. (1)] and yeasts [Malassezia sp. (2) and Candida sp. (4)]. Inittialy, the possibility of association between predictors variables and a variable answer was evaluated by an univariate logistic regression model. Variables with...