Monitoring periodontal lesions and their effects during pregnancy: microbiological aspects of the oral cavity and amniotic fluid in pregnant ewes / Monitoramento de lesões periodontais e seus efeitos na gestação: aspectos microbiológicos da cavidade bucal e líquido amniótico de ovelhas gestantes

Periodontitis affects the teeth supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss and damage to animal health. Evidence in humans suggests that oral microorganisms spread systemically, increasing the risk of pregnancy disorders such as miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight. This study aimed to verify whether periodontopathogenic microorganisms reach the transplacental unit, culminating in problems in pregnant ewes. After analyzing the oral cavity, 10 clinically healthy pregnant ewes (OGCH group) and 10 pregnant ewes with periodontitis (OGP group) were selected. The subgingival biofilm was collected for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and amniotic fluid for both the PCR and interleukin (IL) analysis. Peripheral blood was collected for complete blood count, and analyses of IL-6, IL1-ß, and tumor necrosis factor-α were performed. Placental fragments were collected to assess the inflammatory changes using optical microscopy. After giving birth, both the ewes and their lambs were weighed. On clinical examination, a positive correlation between bleeding and suppuration (correlation index - CI=0.54), suppuration and marginal gingivitis (CI=0.34), and marginal gingivitis and edema (CI=0.54) was observed. The weights of the ewes (p=0.013) and their respective lambs (p=0.04) in the OGP group were lower than those of their OGCH group counterparts. The hematological analysis revealed that the OGP group ewes showed a slight increase in the mean corpuscular volume (p=0.2447), segmented cells (p=0.3375), and eosinophils (p=0.3823) when compared with the OGCH group ewes, without a statistical difference. Regarding the microorganisms detected in the oral cavity, there was a significant difference between the occurrence of periodontal pockets and the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (p=0.0328), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0.0392), and the Mollicutes class (p=0.0352). Staphylococcus genus (p=0.9107) and Archaea domain (p=0.7245) were detected in the amniotic samples of both groups, without a significant difference, whereas P. asaccharolytica (p=0.2685) was only detected in one sample in the OGCH group. The expression of cytokine IL-6 in the OGP group differed significantly between the prepartum and postpartum periods (p=0.0039); moreover, it differed significantly in the postpartum period between the OGCH and OGP groups (p=0.0198). Histological examination showed a higher percentage of placental changes in the OGP group (70%) than in the OGCH group, such as the presence of macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells, and multifocal areas of calcification. These results do not corroborate the hypothesis of dissemination of oral microorganisms to the placental unit, suggesting that it constitutes placental isolation in sheep.

A periodontite afeta os tecidos de suporte dos dentes levando à perda dentária e danos à saúde do animal. Evidências em humanos sugerem que os microrganismos orais se espalham sistemicamente, aumentando o risco de distúrbios da gravidez, como aborto espontâneo, prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se microrganismos periodontopatogênicos atingem a unidade transplacentária, culminando em problemas em ovelhas gestantes. Após análise da cavidade oral, foram selecionadas 10 ovelhas gestantes clinicamente saudáveis (grupo OGCH) e 10 ovelhas gestantes com periodontite (grupo OGP). O biofilme subgengival foi coletado para o teste de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e o líquido amniótico para teste de PCR e análise de interleucina (IL). Sangue periférico foi coletado para hemograma completo e análises de IL-6, IL1-ß e fator de necrose tumoral-α foram realizadas. Fragmentos de placenta foram coletados para avaliação das alterações inflamatórias por meio de microscopia óptica. Após o parto, as ovelhas e seus cordeiros foram pesados. Ao exame clínico, observou-se correlação positiva entre sangramento e supuração (índice de correlação - IC=0,54), supuração e gengivite marginal (IC=0,34) e gengivite marginal e edema (IC=0,54). Os pesos das ovelhas (p=0,013) e de seus respectivos cordeiros (p=0,04) do grupo OGP foram inferiores aos do grupo OGCH. A análise hematológica revelou que as ovelhas do grupo OGP apresentaram discreto aumento no volume corpuscular médio (p=0,2447), células segmentadas (p=0,3375) e eosinófilos (p=0,3823) quando comparadas com as ovelhas do grupo OGCH, sem diferença estatística diferença. Em relação aos microrganismos detectados na cavidade oral, houve diferença significativa entre a ocorrência de bolsas periodontais e a presença de Fusobacterium necrophorum (p=0,0328), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0,0392) e da classe Mollicutes (p=0,0352). O gênero Staphylococcus (p=0,9107) e o domínio Archaea (p=0,7245) foram detectados nas amostras amnióticas de ambos os grupos, sem diferença significativa, enquanto P. asaccharolytica (p=0,2685) foi detectado apenas em uma amostra do grupo OGCH. A expressão da citocina IL-6 no grupo OGP diferiu significativamente entre os períodos pré e pós-parto (p=0,0039); além disso, diferiu significativamente no período pós-parto entre os grupos OGCH e OGP (p=0,0198). O exame histológico mostrou maior porcentagem de alterações placentárias no grupo OGP (70%) do que no grupo OGCH, como a presença de macrófagos, neutrófilos, plasmócitos e áreas multifocais de calcificação. Esses resultados não corroboram a hipótese de disseminação de microrganismos orais para a unidade placentária, sugerindo que se trata de um isolamento placentário em ovinos.

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Pasteurella spp isolated from the oral cavity of domestic cats / Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais frente a isolados de Pasteurella spp oriundos da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos

Pasteurella spp. have been identified predominantly in the oral microbiota of domestic cats. However, Pasteurella spp. was significantly more prevalent in cats with inflammatory oral disease; and consequently, it was considered as part of the etiology in this disease. In addition, in animals, Pasteurella spp. have become increasingly resistant to a large number of antimicrobials. Natural products, especially essential oils, could contribute to minimizing this issue. This study determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of six essential oils against Pasteurella spp. isolates from the oral cavity of domestic cats. Our results showed that essential oils with better antimicrobial effectiveness against most of the Pasteurella isolates were lemongrass, tea tree and clove, with inhibition values between 50 to 800 µg mL-¹. All essential oils showed bacteriostatic activity against the species of Pasteurella isolated from the domestic cats. These results suggested that lemongrass, tea tree and clove oils have potential to be used in products for oral hygiene and treatment of oral infections in domestic cats.

O gênero Pasteurella spp., considerado um comensal da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos, vem sendo, nos últimos anos, apontado como possível agente etiológico de quadros inflamatórios crônicos bucais em felinos. Ademais, em animais, as espécies de Pasteurella têm apresentado cada vez mais resistência a um grande número de antimicrobianos de uso rotineiro. Nesse contexto, os produtos naturais, como óleos essenciais com potencial antimicrobiano tem sido alvo de estudos e apontados como alternativa terapêutica. Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar a Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI) e da Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) de seis óleos essenciais frente a isolados de Pasteurella spp. oriundos da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos. Dos óleos essenciais testados, o capim-limão, tea tree, cravo e a camomila romana apresentaram ação bacteriostática frente aos isolados de Pasteurella spp. Contudo, os óleos de capim-limão, tea-tree e cravo apresentaram os melhores resultados, com valores de inibitórios entre 50 a 800 µg mL-¹. Esses resultados sugerem que os óleos de capim-limão, tea tree e cravo têm potencial para serem utilizados como produtos para higiene bucal e para o tratamento de infecções da cavidade bucal de gatos domésticos.

Eritema multiforme limitado à cavidade oral em um cão: relato de caso / Multiforme erythema limited to the oral cavity in a dog: case report

O eritema multiforme é uma doença incomum em cães, que afeta pele e mucosas, cuja etiologia ainda não foi completamente elucidada. Contudo, o envolvimento exclusivo da cavidade oral é considerado raro, tendo sido descrito poucas vezes até o presente momento. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um caso de eritema multiforme limitado à cavidade oral em um canino. Um cão, fêmea, Akita, com sete anos de idade, apresentou histórico de ulcerações na cavidade oral e nas laterais da língua, sem alterações cutâneas ou sistêmicas. O diagnóstico definitivo foi realizado por meio do exame histopatológico da mucosa oral, e a terapia imunossupressora empregada mostrou-se eficaz. Embora o eritema multiforme seja considerado incomum na espécie canina, este relato de caso apresenta a forma mais rara da doença, com poucos casos descritos em medicina veterinária.(AU)

Multiforme erythema is an uncommon disease in dogs that affects the skin and mucous membranes, the etiology of which has not yet been fully elucidated. However, the exclusive involvement of the oral cavity is considered rare, having been described few times until the present moment. The aim of this work is to describe a case of multiforme erythema limited to the oral cavity in a canine. A seven-year-old female dog, akita, presented a history of ulcerations in the oral cavity and on the sides of the tongue, with no cutaneous or systemic changes. The definitive diagnosis was made through the histopathological examination of the oral mucosa and the immunosuppressive therapy used proved to be effective. Although multiforme erythema is considered uncommon in the canine species, this case report presents the rarest form of the disease, with few cases described in veterinary medicine.(AU)

Eritema multiforme limitado à cavidade oral em um cão: relato de caso / Multiforme erythema limited to the oral cavity in a dog: case report

O eritema multiforme é uma doença incomum em cães, que afeta pele e mucosas, cuja etiologia ainda não foi completamente elucidada. Contudo, o envolvimento exclusivo da cavidade oral é considerado raro, tendo sido descrito poucas vezes até o presente momento. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um caso de eritema multiforme limitado à cavidade oral em um canino. Um cão, fêmea, Akita, com sete anos de idade, apresentou histórico de ulcerações na cavidade oral e nas laterais da língua, sem alterações cutâneas ou sistêmicas. O diagnóstico definitivo foi realizado por meio do exame histopatológico da mucosa oral, e a terapia imunossupressora empregada mostrou-se eficaz. Embora o eritema multiforme seja considerado incomum na espécie canina, este relato de caso apresenta a forma mais rara da doença, com poucos casos descritos em medicina veterinária.(AU)

Multiforme erythema is an uncommon disease in dogs that affects the skin and mucous membranes, the etiology of which has not yet been fully elucidated. However, the exclusive involvement of the oral cavity is considered rare, having been described few times until the present moment. The aim of this work is to describe a case of multiforme erythema limited to the oral cavity in a canine. A seven-year-old female dog, akita, presented a history of ulcerations in the oral cavity and on the sides of the tongue, with no cutaneous or systemic changes. The definitive diagnosis was made through the histopathological examination of the oral mucosa and the immunosuppressive therapy used proved to be effective. Although multiforme erythema is considered uncommon in the canine species, this case report presents the rarest form of the disease, with few cases described in veterinary medicine.(AU)

Morphometry of infraorbital foramen applied to local anesthesia in hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus Lund, 1842) / Morfometria do forame infraorbital aplicada a anestesia local em raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus Lund, 1842)

Whilst considering the need anesthetic techniques supported by species-specific morphology, it has been sought to describe the morphometry of the Hoary Fox's infraorbital foramen with aims at correlating its topography with points of anatomic reference in the skull, thereby providing subsidy for a more effective local anesthetic block in that species. Four skulls of Lycalopex vetulus had been used, from which all of the measurements in each antimere were performed. The infraorbital foramen was located at the maxilla bone, dorsally-wise from the third upper pre-molar tooth, and, from the ventral end of its caudal margin, it would stand apart from the alveolar margin of that bone by 4.19 mm, in average; from the orbital margin at the level of the lacrimal foramen by 14.10 mm; from the dorsal end of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone by 37.10 mm; from the rostral end of the alveolar margin of the first upper incisor tooth by 38.54 mm; and, from the caudal end of the nuchal crest by 100.53mm - at the level of the median sagittal plane; as it also presented a sagittal axis of 5.21 mm in average. It is suggested that, for the Hoary Fox, the needle be introduced by 4.19 mm in contact with the maxilla bone, in a perpendicular fashion, and in a ventral-dorsal orientation from the alveolar margin of the same - whilst using, as an anatomic reference, the diastema that exists between the third and the fourth upper pre-molar teeth.

Considerando-se a necessidade de técnicas anestésicas respaldadas pela morfologia espécie-específica, objetivou-se descrever a morfometria do forame infraorbital de Raposa-do-campo a fim de correlacionar sua topografia com pontos de referência anatômica no crânio, oferecendo subsídio para um bloqueio anestésico local mais efetivo nesta espécie. Foram utilizados quatro crânios de Lycalopex vetulus, a partir dos quais foram realizadas todas as mensurações em cada antímero. O forame infraorbital localizou-se no osso maxila, dorsalmente ao terceiro dente pré-molar superior e, a partir do extremo caudal de sua margem ventral, distanciou-se, em média, 4,19 mm da margem alveolar desse osso; 14,10 mm da margem orbital ao nível do forame lacrimal; 37,10 mm do extremo dorsal do processo frontal do osso zigomático; 38,54 mm do extremo rostral da margem alveolar do dente incisivo medial superior; e 100,53 mm do extremo caudal da crista nucal ao nível do plano sagital mediano; além de apresentar um eixo sagital com uma média de 5,21 mm. Para a Raposa-do-campo sugere-se que a agulha seja introduzida por 4,19 mm em contato com o osso maxila, de forma perpendicular e em sentido ventrodorsal a partir de sua margem alveolar, utilizando como referência o diastema existente entre o terceiro e quarto dentes pré-molares superiores.

Morphometry of infraorbital foramen applied to local anesthesia in hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus Lund, 1842) / Morfometria do forame infraorbital aplicada a anestesia local em raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus Lund, 1842)

Whilst considering the need anesthetic techniques supported by species-specific morphology, it has been sought to describe the morphometry of the Hoary Fox's infraorbital foramen with aims at correlating its topography with points of anatomic reference in the skull, thereby providing subsidy for a more effective local anesthetic block in that species. Four skulls of Lycalopex vetulus had been used, from which all of the measurements in each antimere were performed. The infraorbital foramen was located at the maxilla bone, dorsally-wise from the third upper pre-molar tooth, and, from the ventral end of its caudal margin, it would stand apart from the alveolar margin of that bone by 4.19 mm, in average; from the orbital margin at the level of the lacrimal foramen by 14.10 mm; from the dorsal end of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone by 37.10 mm; from the rostral end of the alveolar margin of the first upper incisor tooth by 38.54 mm; and, from the caudal end of the nuchal crest by 100.53mm - at the level of the median sagittal plane; as it also presented a sagittal axis of 5.21 mm in average. It is suggested that, for the Hoary Fox, the needle be introduced by 4.19 mm in contact with the maxilla bone, in a perpendicular fashion, and in a ventral-dorsal orientation from the alveolar margin of the same - whilst using, as an anatomic reference, the diastema that exists between the third and the fourth upper pre-molar teeth.(AU)

Considerando-se a necessidade de técnicas anestésicas respaldadas pela morfologia espécie-específica, objetivou-se descrever a morfometria do forame infraorbital de Raposa-do-campo a fim de correlacionar sua topografia com pontos de referência anatômica no crânio, oferecendo subsídio para um bloqueio anestésico local mais efetivo nesta espécie. Foram utilizados quatro crânios de Lycalopex vetulus, a partir dos quais foram realizadas todas as mensurações em cada antímero. O forame infraorbital localizou-se no osso maxila, dorsalmente ao terceiro dente pré-molar superior e, a partir do extremo caudal de sua margem ventral, distanciou-se, em média, 4,19 mm da margem alveolar desse osso; 14,10 mm da margem orbital ao nível do forame lacrimal; 37,10 mm do extremo dorsal do processo frontal do osso zigomático; 38,54 mm do extremo rostral da margem alveolar do dente incisivo medial superior; e 100,53 mm do extremo caudal da crista nucal ao nível do plano sagital mediano; além de apresentar um eixo sagital com uma média de 5,21 mm. Para a Raposa-do-campo sugere-se que a agulha seja introduzida por 4,19 mm em contato com o osso maxila, de forma perpendicular e em sentido ventrodorsal a partir de sua margem alveolar, utilizando como referência o diastema existente entre o terceiro e quarto dentes pré-molares superiores.(AU)

Microbiota oral e retal de calitriquídeos (Callithrix sp) em área antropizada de Mata Atlântica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / [Oral and rectal microbiota of callitrichids (Callithrix sp) in an anthropized area of the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]

A proximidade dos primatas não humanos (PNH) com o ser humano pode ser considerada um fator de risco para transmissão de bactérias entre essas duas populações. Neste estudo, foi investigada a microbiota anfibiôntica aeróbica oral e retal de calitriquídeos em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica localizado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e foram realizados testes fenotípicos para detecção de bactérias multirresistentes nos isolados encontrados. Foram capturados 14 calitriquídeos e coletadas 21 amostras (14 de cavidade oral e sete de cavidade retal) em dois pontos da mata próximos às habitações humanas. As espécies mais frequentes, na cavidade oral, foram Klebsiella oxytoca (50,0%), K. pneumoniae (28,6%), Kluyvera ascorbata (21,4%) e Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (21,4%) e, na cavidade retal, K. pneumoniae (85,7%), Escherichia coli (28,6%) e Enterobacter spp. (42,9%). Todos os 48 isolados da família Enterobacteriaceae foram negativos para ESBL (betalactamase de espectro ampliado), mostrando-se não produtores da enzima nos dois métodos utilizados: disco-aproximação e método de detecção automatizado. Na pesquisa de ERC (enterobactérias resistentes a carbapenêmicos), esses mesmos isolados não apresentaram resistência aos antibióticos imipenem, meropenem e ertapenem. Todas as bactérias isoladas apresentam um potencial zoonótico, o que representa um risco à saúde pública e à conservação das espécies.(AU)

Proximity of nonhuman primates (NHP) to humans can be considered a risk factor for transmission of pathogens between these two populations. This study investigated the oral and rectal aerobic bacterial microbiota of marmosets in an anthropized area of the Atlantic Forest located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and performed phenotypic tests for detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Twenty-one samples (14 from the oral cavity and seven from the rectum) were collected from 14 Callithrix sp. captured in two sites of the forest near human dwellings. The most frequent species identified from the oral cavity swabs were Klebsiella oxytoca (50.0%), K. pneumoniae (28.6%), Kluyvera ascorbata (21.4%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (21.4%), whereas the species most commonly identified from the rectum swabs were K. pneumoniae (85.7%), Enterobacter spp. (42.9%) and Escherichia coli (28.6%). All isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae showed no extended spectrum ß-lactamase production by disk-diffusion and automated detection tests. In the search for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae these isolates presented no resistance to the imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem antibiotics. The isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to oxacillin and the isolate of Enterococcus was susceptible to vancomycin. All isolated bacteria showed zoonotic potential, thus posing a risk to species conservation and public health.(AU)

Microbiota oral e retal de calitriquídeos (Callithrix sp) em área antropizada de Mata Atlântica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / [Oral and rectal microbiota of callitrichids (Callithrix sp) in an anthropized area of the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]

A proximidade dos primatas não humanos (PNH) com o ser humano pode ser considerada um fator de risco para transmissão de bactérias entre essas duas populações. Neste estudo, foi investigada a microbiota anfibiôntica aeróbica oral e retal de calitriquídeos em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica localizado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e foram realizados testes fenotípicos para detecção de bactérias multirresistentes nos isolados encontrados. Foram capturados 14 calitriquídeos e coletadas 21 amostras (14 de cavidade oral e sete de cavidade retal) em dois pontos da mata próximos às habitações humanas. As espécies mais frequentes, na cavidade oral, foram Klebsiella oxytoca (50,0%), K. pneumoniae (28,6%), Kluyvera ascorbata (21,4%) e Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (21,4%) e, na cavidade retal, K. pneumoniae (85,7%), Escherichia coli (28,6%) e Enterobacter spp. (42,9%). Todos os 48 isolados da família Enterobacteriaceae foram negativos para ESBL (betalactamase de espectro ampliado), mostrando-se não produtores da enzima nos dois métodos utilizados: disco-aproximação e método de detecção automatizado. Na pesquisa de ERC (enterobactérias resistentes a carbapenêmicos), esses mesmos isolados não apresentaram resistência aos antibióticos imipenem, meropenem e ertapenem. Todas as bactérias isoladas apresentam um potencial zoonótico, o que representa um risco à saúde pública e à conservação das espécies.(AU)

Proximity of nonhuman primates (NHP) to humans can be considered a risk factor for transmission of pathogens between these two populations. This study investigated the oral and rectal aerobic bacterial microbiota of marmosets in an anthropized area of the Atlantic Forest located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and performed phenotypic tests for detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Twenty-one samples (14 from the oral cavity and seven from the rectum) were collected from 14 Callithrix sp. captured in two sites of the forest near human dwellings. The most frequent species identified from the oral cavity swabs were Klebsiella oxytoca (50.0%), K. pneumoniae (28.6%), Kluyvera ascorbata (21.4%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (21.4%), whereas the species most commonly identified from the rectum swabs were K. pneumoniae (85.7%), Enterobacter spp. (42.9%) and Escherichia coli (28.6%). All isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae showed no extended spectrum ß-lactamase production by disk-diffusion and automated detection tests. In the search for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae these isolates presented no resistance to the imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem antibiotics. The isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to oxacillin and the isolate of Enterococcus was susceptible to vancomycin. All isolated bacteria showed zoonotic potential, thus posing a risk to species conservation and public health.(AU)

Oral trichomoniasis in raptors in Southern Brazil / Tricomoníase oral em rapinantes no sul do Brasil

A retrospective study of oral trichomoniasis cases in raptors was carried out at "Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico" of "Faculdade de Veterinária" of "Universidade Federal de Pelotas" (LRD-UFPel) from December 2014 to August 2017. Seven necropsy reports were reviewed. All raptors including Falconiformes and Strigiformes orders were from periurban zones. Four birds were adults, and there was no apparent sex predisposition. Clinical signs included dysphagia, regurgitation, and anorexia. Gross lesions were characterized by multifocal yellow to coalescent caseous nodules adhered to the oral cavity, which extended to the entrance of the esophagus. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized by severe focally extensive heterophilic granulomatous stomatitis. Trichomonas gallinae was isolated in modified Diamond medium of all samples collected from birds. It is believed the transmission occurred by the predation of domestic pigeons (Columbia livia domestica) contaminated with T. gallinae that agglomerate in patios of grain processing complexes.(AU)

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de casos de tricomoníase oral em rapinantes recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) no período de dezembro de 2014 a agosto de 2017. Foram revisados os protocolos de necropsia encontrando-se sete casos. Os animais eram todos de zonas periurbanas e foram afetadas a ordem Falconiformes e a ordem Strigiformes. Das aves afetadas 4/7 eram adultas e não houve aparente predisposição por sexo. Os sinais clínicos incluíram disfagia, regurgitação e anorexia. As lesões se caracterizaram por nódulos amarelados multifocais a coalescentes aderidos a cavidade oral, que se estendiam até a entrada do esôfago. Histologicamente as lesões caracterizaram-se por estomatite heterofílica granulomatosa focalmente extensiva acentuada. Foi isolado em meio Diamond modificado Trichomonas gallinae de todas as amostras coletadas das aves. Acredita-se que a fonte de transmissão tenha ocorrido a partir da predação por estes rapinantes de pombas domésticas (Columbia livia domestica) portadoras com T. gallinae que se aglomeram em pátios de complexos de beneficiamento de grãos.(AU)

Perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos por componentes da microbiota bacteriana oral e retal de primatas não humanos / Antimicrobial sensitivity profile by components of bacterial oral and retal microbiota of non-human primates

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram identificar bactérias isoladas da cavidade oral e da ampola retal de Saimiri collinsi e Callithrix jacchus e determinar a sensibilidade a 16 antimicrobianos. Trinta indivíduos de cada espécie foram analisados e foram isoladas 136 bactérias em C. jacchus e 84 em S. collinsi. As bactérias isoladas em maior número em S. collinsi foram Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Raoutella ornithinolytica, Staphylococcus xylosus e Proteus mirabilis. As bactérias isoladas em C. jacchus foram K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. coli, Serratia marcescens e S. xylosus na cavidade oral e ampola retal. O teste de sensibilidade mostrou que, dentre as cepas isoladas, os maiores percentuais de resistência foram observados para ampicilina, amoxicilina, cefalotina e nitrofurantoína. Na cavidade oral de ambas as espécies as cepas foram sensíveis à ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, meropenem, amicacina, levofloxacina e a sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim. Na ampola retal, as isoladas foram sensíveis à cefoxitina, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, ertapenem, meropenem, amicacina e levofloxacina. Conclui-se que as espécies de S. collinsi e C. jacchus apresentam sua microbiota oral e retal composta por várias espécies bacterianas e que a resistência pode ser um problema no criatório, uma vez que as cepas mostraram percentuais elevados de resistência a diferentes antimicrobianos.

The aims of this work were to identify bacteria isolated from oral cavity and rectal ampoule in the Saimiri collinsi and Callithrix jacchus species and to determine the susceptibility profile to 16 anti-microbial. Thirty individuals of each species were analyzed and were isolated 136 bacteria in C. jacchus and 84 in S. collinsi. The isolated bacteria most frequent in S. collinsi were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Raoutella ornithinolytica, Staphylococcus xylosus and Proteus mirabilis. The bacteria isolated in C. jacchus were K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. coli, Serratia marcescens and S. xylosus in oral cavity and rectal ampoule. Results of sensibility tests demonstrated that among isolated strains from oral cavity and rectal ampoule the highest percentages of resistance were observed against ampicilin, amoxicilin, cephalothin and nitrofurantoin. The oral cavity in both species, the strains were sensitive to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, meropenem, amikacin, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In rectal ampoule the isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ertapenem, meropenem, amikacin and levofloxacin. Therefore, in S. collinsi e C. jacchus presented in their oral and rectal microbiota constituted by several bacteria species and that resistance may be a problem on captive, since that strains demonstrated high percentages of resistance to different anti-microbial.

Oral trichomoniasis in raptors in Southern Brazil / Tricomoníase oral em rapinantes no sul do Brasil

A retrospective study of oral trichomoniasis cases in raptors was carried out at "Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico" of "Faculdade de Veterinária" of "Universidade Federal de Pelotas" (LRD-UFPel) from December 2014 to August 2017. Seven necropsy reports were reviewed. All raptors including Falconiformes and Strigiformes orders were from periurban zones. Four birds were adults, and there was no apparent sex predisposition. Clinical signs included dysphagia, regurgitation, and anorexia. Gross lesions were characterized by multifocal yellow to coalescent caseous nodules adhered to the oral cavity, which extended to the entrance of the esophagus. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized by severe focally extensive heterophilic granulomatous stomatitis. Trichomonas gallinae was isolated in modified Diamond medium of all samples collected from birds. It is believed the transmission occurred by the predation of domestic pigeons (Columbia livia domestica) contaminated with T. gallinae that agglomerate in patios of grain processing complexes.(AU)

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de casos de tricomoníase oral em rapinantes recebidos no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD-UFPel) no período de dezembro de 2014 a agosto de 2017. Foram revisados os protocolos de necropsia encontrando-se sete casos. Os animais eram todos de zonas periurbanas e foram afetadas a ordem Falconiformes e a ordem Strigiformes. Das aves afetadas 4/7 eram adultas e não houve aparente predisposição por sexo. Os sinais clínicos incluíram disfagia, regurgitação e anorexia. As lesões se caracterizaram por nódulos amarelados multifocais a coalescentes aderidos a cavidade oral, que se estendiam até a entrada do esôfago. Histologicamente as lesões caracterizaram-se por estomatite heterofílica granulomatosa focalmente extensiva acentuada. Foi isolado em meio Diamond modificado Trichomonas gallinae de todas as amostras coletadas das aves. Acredita-se que a fonte de transmissão tenha ocorrido a partir da predação por estes rapinantes de pombas domésticas (Columbia livia domestica) portadoras com T. gallinae que se aglomeram em pátios de complexos de beneficiamento de grãos.(AU)

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the oral cavity of a cow

Background: Squamous cell carcinomas and lymphomas are the most prevalent neoplasms in cattle, the latter usually being attributed to infection by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Neoplasms of the oral cavity are sporadic in cattle, with but asingle case of lymphoma involving this anatomic site in a bovine reported to date. This paper reports a case of lymphomainvolving the oral cavity of a dairy cow. The clinical and pathological aspects of the tumor are described and discussed.Case: A 39-month-old Holstein-Friesian cow was presented with weight loss and a tumorous growth in the left masseterregion, tearing in the left eye, and mild ipsilateral exophthalmos. Treatment with antibiotics was unsuccessful. The tumorgrowth was 16 x 11 cm, with a soft center and firm periphery, multilobulated, with white intercalated with black and friableareas from which a fetid odor emanated. The cut surface was predominantly white-yellow. A cross-section of the head,caudal to the second molar, revealed a mass infiltrating and almost completely obliterating the left nasal cavity, destroyingthe frontal sinus, the ventral conchae, and the middle and ventral meatus, and compressing the common meatus. The tracheobronchial, mediastinal, and internal iliac lymph nodes were enlarged and masses with similar characteristics to thosein the oral cavity replace their parenchyma. Microscopically, the mass consisted of large neoplastic lymphocytes arrangedin a non-encapsulated and infiltrative mantle and supported by scarce fibrovascular tissue. The cytoplasm of neoplasticcells was scarce and had distinct boundaries; the nuclei were round or oval, the chromatin was finely granulated, and theprominent nucleolus had occasionally multiplied. Nuclear pleomorphism was marked and there were, on average, five mitotic figures per microscopic field of 400x. Similar neoplastic cells obliterated the normal...

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the oral cavity of a cow

Background: Squamous cell carcinomas and lymphomas are the most prevalent neoplasms in cattle, the latter usually being attributed to infection by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Neoplasms of the oral cavity are sporadic in cattle, with but asingle case of lymphoma involving this anatomic site in a bovine reported to date. This paper reports a case of lymphomainvolving the oral cavity of a dairy cow. The clinical and pathological aspects of the tumor are described and discussed.Case: A 39-month-old Holstein-Friesian cow was presented with weight loss and a tumorous growth in the left masseterregion, tearing in the left eye, and mild ipsilateral exophthalmos. Treatment with antibiotics was unsuccessful. The tumorgrowth was 16 x 11 cm, with a soft center and firm periphery, multilobulated, with white intercalated with black and friableareas from which a fetid odor emanated. The cut surface was predominantly white-yellow. A cross-section of the head,caudal to the second molar, revealed a mass infiltrating and almost completely obliterating the left nasal cavity, destroyingthe frontal sinus, the ventral conchae, and the middle and ventral meatus, and compressing the common meatus. The tracheobronchial, mediastinal, and internal iliac lymph nodes were enlarged and masses with similar characteristics to thosein the oral cavity replace their parenchyma. Microscopically, the mass consisted of large neoplastic lymphocytes arrangedin a non-encapsulated and infiltrative mantle and supported by scarce fibrovascular tissue. The cytoplasm of neoplasticcells was scarce and had distinct boundaries; the nuclei were round or oval, the chromatin was finely granulated, and theprominent nucleolus had occasionally multiplied. Nuclear pleomorphism was marked and there were, on average, five mitotic figures per microscopic field of 400x. Similar neoplastic cells obliterated the normal...(AU)

Perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos por componentes da microbiota bacteriana oral e retal de primatas não humanos / Antimicrobial sensitivity profile by components of bacterial oral and retal microbiota of non-human primates

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram identificar bactérias isoladas da cavidade oral e da ampola retal de Saimiri collinsi e Callithrix jacchus e determinar a sensibilidade a 16 antimicrobianos. Trinta indivíduos de cada espécie foram analisados e foram isoladas 136 bactérias em C. jacchus e 84 em S. collinsi. As bactérias isoladas em maior número em S. collinsi foram Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Raoutella ornithinolytica, Staphylococcus xylosus e Proteus mirabilis. As bactérias isoladas em C. jacchus foram K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. coli, Serratia marcescens e S. xylosus na cavidade oral e ampola retal. O teste de sensibilidade mostrou que, dentre as cepas isoladas, os maiores percentuais de resistência foram observados para ampicilina, amoxicilina, cefalotina e nitrofurantoína. Na cavidade oral de ambas as espécies as cepas foram sensíveis à ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, meropenem, amicacina, levofloxacina e a sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim. Na ampola retal, as isoladas foram sensíveis à cefoxitina, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, ertapenem, meropenem, amicacina e levofloxacina. Conclui-se que as espécies de S. collinsi e C. jacchus apresentam sua microbiota oral e retal composta por várias espécies bacterianas e que a resistência pode ser um problema no criatório, uma vez que as cepas mostraram percentuais elevados de resistência a diferentes antimicrobianos.(AU)

The aims of this work were to identify bacteria isolated from oral cavity and rectal ampoule in the Saimiri collinsi and Callithrix jacchus species and to determine the susceptibility profile to 16 anti-microbial. Thirty individuals of each species were analyzed and were isolated 136 bacteria in C. jacchus and 84 in S. collinsi. The isolated bacteria most frequent in S. collinsi were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Raoutella ornithinolytica, Staphylococcus xylosus and Proteus mirabilis. The bacteria isolated in C. jacchus were K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E. coli, Serratia marcescens and S. xylosus in oral cavity and rectal ampoule. Results of sensibility tests demonstrated that among isolated strains from oral cavity and rectal ampoule the highest percentages of resistance were observed against ampicilin, amoxicilin, cephalothin and nitrofurantoin. The oral cavity in both species, the strains were sensitive to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, meropenem, amikacin, levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In rectal ampoule the isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ertapenem, meropenem, amikacin and levofloxacin. Therefore, in S. collinsi e C. jacchus presented in their oral and rectal microbiota constituted by several bacteria species and that resistance may be a problem on captive, since that strains demonstrated high percentages of resistance to different anti-microbial.(AU)

Fístula orofacial causada por abcesso periapical em equino / Orofacial fistula caused by periapical abcession

Os problemas relacionados à odontologia equina são cada vez mais frequentes devido à sua domesticação e confinamento precoce, que alteram os hábitos e padrões alimentares, culminando principalmente em perda de peso e baixo desempenho do animal, além de prejudicar a digestibilidade dos alimentos. Isso pode causar, entre várias consequências, um abscesso alveolar crônico do dente, que se apresenta como uma fístula, que pode ser intraoral ou extraoralmente. Uma equina que apresentou alterações no padrão mastigatório, pontas do esmalte dentário e ulcerações vestibulares foi submetida à extração dentária do dente comprometido (206) pela técnica intraoral. O tratamento pós-operatório baseou-se na lavagem da boca do cavalo com água corrente, aplicação de mel de abelha adicionado de própolis e uso de antibiótico anti-inflamatório, para que houvesse remissão completa dos sinais clínicos de desconforto e fechamento bucais da fístula orofacial.

Problems related to equine dentistry are increasingly frequent due to its taming and early confinement that change eating habits and patterns, mainly culminating in weight loss and poor performance of the animal, as well as impairing the digestibility of food. This can cause, among several consequences, a chronic alveolar tooth abscess, which presents as a fistula, which may be intraorally or extraorally. A female horse that presented alterations in the chewing pattern, dental enamel tips and vestibular ulcerations was submitted to dental extraction of the compromised tooth (206) by the intraoral technique. The postoperative treatment was based on washing the horse's mouth with running water, applying bee honey added with propolis, and the use of anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, so that there was complete remission of clinical signs of oral discomfort and closure. of the orofacial fistula.

Viabilidade das vias retal, axilar e oral para aferição da temperatura corporal de cães / Viabilary of retal, axillary and oral acess for measurement the body temperature of dogs

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a viabilidade das vias retal, axilar e oral para aferição da temperatura corporal em cães nas diferentes idades, sexo e conformação de crânio. Foram avaliados 350 cães hígidos, de diferentes sexos, idades, raças, sendo estas separadas em definida e não definida, encaminhados a pet shops pertencentes ou não a clínicas particulares do município de Patos de Minas - MG. Destes foi aferida a temperatura retal introduzido o termômetro no reto, estando o bulbo em contato com a mucosa. Na axilar, o termômetro foi posicionado com o membro em contato com o tórax e, por fim, a oral sendo aferida no lado direito ou esquerdo do bolso posterior sublingual. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e o teste de Tukey para comparar as diferentes vias. Do total de 350 cães, 65 não apresentaram temperatura retal dentro dos valores de referência, sendo excluídos do estudo. Observou-se que a média das temperaturas retal, axilar e oral dos 285 cães avaliados foi de 38,71ºC ± 0,32, 38,40ºC ± 0,34 e 38,20ºC ± 0,32, respectivamente. A temperatura retal se mostrou mais elevada, seguida pela axilar e oral, notando-se diferença significativa (p <0 0,00) entre elas. As fêmeas apresentaram 38,43ºC ± 0,32 e os machos 38,38ºC ± 0,34, havendo diferença estatística entre ambas (p<0,01), sendo que as fêmeas apresentaram um valor 0,05°C superior ao dos machos. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as vias de aferição e as faixas etárias ou os tipos de crânios. Conclui-se que apesar da redução de temperatura obtida entre a via retal, axilar e oral, estas últimas mostraram-se viáveis como métodos alternativos na aferição de temperatura em pacientes em que o uso da via retal se mostre limitado.

The present study aimed to evaluate the viability of the rectal, axillary and oral pathways to measure body temperature in dogs at different ages, sex and cranial conformation. A total of 350 healthy dogs of different sexes, ages and races were evaluated. These dogs were defined and undefined, referred to pet shops belonging to the private clinics of the municipality of Patos de Minas - MG. From these was measured the rectal temperature inserted the thermometer in the rectum, the bulb being in contact with the mucosa. In the axillary, the thermometer was positioned with the limb in contact with the thorax and, finally, the oral one being gauged on the right or left side of the posterior sublingual pocket. Descriptive statistical analysis and the Tukey test were performed to compare the different pathways. Of the total of 350 dogs, 65 had no rectal temperature within the reference values and were excluded from the study. It was observed that the mean rectal, axillary and oral temperatures of the 285 dogs evaluated was 38.71°C ± 0.32, 38.40°C ± 0.34 and 38.20°C ± 0.32, respectively. The rectal temperature was higher, followed by axillary and oral, with a significant difference (p <0.00) between them. The females showed 38.43 ± 0.32 males and 38.38 ± 0.34 males, with a statistical difference between both (p <0.01), with females showing a value of 0.05 ° C higher than that of males. There was no statistically significant difference between the gauging pathways and the age groups or types of skulls. It was concluded that the rectal, axillary and oral pathways presented differences between them, with an average value of 0,5ºC between rectal and axillary, rectal and oral temperatures.

Viabilidade das vias retal, axilar e oral para aferição da temperatura corporal de cães / Viabilary of retal, axillary and oral acess for measurement the body temperature of dogs

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a viabilidade das vias retal, axilar e oral para aferição da temperatura corporal em cães nas diferentes idades, sexo e conformação de crânio. Foram avaliados 350 cães hígidos, de diferentes sexos, idades, raças, sendo estas separadas em definida e não definida, encaminhados a pet shops pertencentes ou não a clínicas particulares do município de Patos de Minas - MG. Destes foi aferida a temperatura retal introduzido o termômetro no reto, estando o bulbo em contato com a mucosa. Na axilar, o termômetro foi posicionado com o membro em contato com o tórax e, por fim, a oral sendo aferida no lado direito ou esquerdo do bolso posterior sublingual. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e o teste de Tukey para comparar as diferentes vias. Do total de 350 cães, 65 não apresentaram temperatura retal dentro dos valores de referência, sendo excluídos do estudo. Observou-se que a média das temperaturas retal, axilar e oral dos 285 cães avaliados foi de 38,71ºC ± 0,32, 38,40ºC ± 0,34 e 38,20ºC ± 0,32, respectivamente. A temperatura retal se mostrou mais elevada, seguida pela axilar e oral, notando-se diferença significativa (p <0 0,00) entre elas. As fêmeas apresentaram 38,43ºC ± 0,32 e os machos 38,38ºC ± 0,34, havendo diferença estatística entre ambas (p<0,01), sendo que as fêmeas apresentaram um valor 0,05°C superior ao dos machos. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as vias de aferição e as faixas etárias ou os tipos de crânios. Conclui-se que apesar da redução de temperatura obtida entre a via retal, axilar e oral, estas últimas mostraram-se viáveis como métodos alternativos na aferição de temperatura em pacientes em que o uso da via retal se mostre limitado.(AU)

The present study aimed to evaluate the viability of the rectal, axillary and oral pathways to measure body temperature in dogs at different ages, sex and cranial conformation. A total of 350 healthy dogs of different sexes, ages and races were evaluated. These dogs were defined and undefined, referred to pet shops belonging to the private clinics of the municipality of Patos de Minas - MG. From these was measured the rectal temperature inserted the thermometer in the rectum, the bulb being in contact with the mucosa. In the axillary, the thermometer was positioned with the limb in contact with the thorax and, finally, the oral one being gauged on the right or left side of the posterior sublingual pocket. Descriptive statistical analysis and the Tukey test were performed to compare the different pathways. Of the total of 350 dogs, 65 had no rectal temperature within the reference values and were excluded from the study. It was observed that the mean rectal, axillary and oral temperatures of the 285 dogs evaluated was 38.71°C ± 0.32, 38.40°C ± 0.34 and 38.20°C ± 0.32, respectively. The rectal temperature was higher, followed by axillary and oral, with a significant difference (p <0.00) between them. The females showed 38.43 ± 0.32 males and 38.38 ± 0.34 males, with a statistical difference between both (p <0.01), with females showing a value of 0.05 ° C higher than that of males. There was no statistically significant difference between the gauging pathways and the age groups or types of skulls. It was concluded that the rectal, axillary and oral pathways presented differences between them, with an average value of 0,5ºC between rectal and axillary, rectal and oral temperatures.(AU)

Feline lymphoplasmacytic gingivostomatitis: clinical and anatomopathological aspects

Background: Feline lymphoplasmacytic gingivostomatitis (FLPG) is an idiopathic, multifactorial and highly challengingcondition, since the results of the available treatments are partial and transitory. A set of lesions triggered by inflammatoryreaction is observed, sometimes with ulcerations in the oral mucosa, leading to algia and discomfort. Histopathologicalexamination figures as the definitive diagnostic tool, presenting distinct cellular elements. The present study aims to reportthree cases of FLPG, firstly addressing the anatomopathological findings, as well as the therapeutic approach used andthe results obtained in each case.Cases: Case 1- Occurred in a feline Siamese male 15-year-old, weighing 3.8 kg, which was admitted at a local clinic, underthe complaint of prostration, dysphagia, and weight loss, signs that were noticed approximately 5 days before. Clinicalevaluation revealed multiple proliferative and ulcerative lesions, extending until the isthmus of the fauces, erythematousareas around the teeth and multifocal gingival reabsorption. Once the clinical signs and lesions were observed, samples werecollected for histopathological examination and sent to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology (LAP) of Faculty of Agronomyand Veterinary Medicine of the University of Passo Fundo (FAVM-UPF). Histologically, both fragments presented lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, with large and intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm, often with granular aspect, central to lateralizedhyperchromatic nuclei, located predominantly in lamina propria and mucosa, as well as a discrete Mott cell infiltrate. Itwas also observed the presence of diffuse suppurative chronic inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly in lamina propriaand mucosa, as well as foci of edema and hemorrhage, in addition to loss of tissue architecture establishing the definitivediagnosis of...

Feline lymphoplasmacytic gingivostomatitis: clinical and anatomopathological aspects

Background: Feline lymphoplasmacytic gingivostomatitis (FLPG) is an idiopathic, multifactorial and highly challengingcondition, since the results of the available treatments are partial and transitory. A set of lesions triggered by inflammatoryreaction is observed, sometimes with ulcerations in the oral mucosa, leading to algia and discomfort. Histopathologicalexamination figures as the definitive diagnostic tool, presenting distinct cellular elements. The present study aims to reportthree cases of FLPG, firstly addressing the anatomopathological findings, as well as the therapeutic approach used andthe results obtained in each case.Cases: Case 1- Occurred in a feline Siamese male 15-year-old, weighing 3.8 kg, which was admitted at a local clinic, underthe complaint of prostration, dysphagia, and weight loss, signs that were noticed approximately 5 days before. Clinicalevaluation revealed multiple proliferative and ulcerative lesions, extending until the isthmus of the fauces, erythematousareas around the teeth and multifocal gingival reabsorption. Once the clinical signs and lesions were observed, samples werecollected for histopathological examination and sent to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology (LAP) of Faculty of Agronomyand Veterinary Medicine of the University of Passo Fundo (FAVM-UPF). Histologically, both fragments presented lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, with large and intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm, often with granular aspect, central to lateralizedhyperchromatic nuclei, located predominantly in lamina propria and mucosa, as well as a discrete Mott cell infiltrate. Itwas also observed the presence of diffuse suppurative chronic inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly in lamina propriaand mucosa, as well as foci of edema and hemorrhage, in addition to loss of tissue architecture establishing the definitivediagnosis of...(AU)

Occurrence of dental disorders in dogs

Background: The anatomy of the canine oral cavity and its variations should be understood to facilitate clinical and surgical approaches. Several conditions can be identified during inspection of the oral cavity, including persistent deciduous teeth, enamel hypoplasia, gingival retraction, tooth abrasion and mobility, absence of dental elements, and periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of dental disorders in dogs older than one year, from the microrregion Ilhéus - Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 74 dogs were evaluated immediately prior to surgical procedures for periodontal disease treatment. After visual inspection and examination with a millimeter probe, the dogs were classified into three groups according to the degree of periodontal disease. All other findings were recorded on an odontogram. Of the 74 dogs, 23 were classified as mild periodontal disease (mean age, 3.6 years), 26 as moderate periodontal disease (mean age, 5.7 years), and 25 as severe periodontal disease (mean age, 9.7 years). There was significant correlation (0.7 p ≤ 0.01) between age and severity of periodontal disease. Fifteen of the 74 dogs did not present any other dental disorder than periodontal disease. Of the remaining 59, nine showed a single dental problem, and 50 had more than one dental problem. Six dogs (of the breeds Pinscher, Yorkshire Terrier, and Lhasa Apso) had deciduous teeth. Of the nine deciduous teeth, all were canine (dental elements 104, 204, and 304). Ten dogs had dental fractures and of the 11 fractured teeth, three were canine (dental elements 104 and 404). Dental wear was observed in 25 dogs (154 teeth). Of the evaluated dogs, seven showed furcation defects and 10 had teeth mobility. Dental absence was observed in 47 dogs.[...]