Candidose sistêmica em cães associada à cinomose / Systemic candidosis in dogs associated with canine distemper virus

Background: Candidosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, which normally reside on the surfaces of the mucous membranes and in the skin of several animal species and healthy humans; however the fungi can convert into pathogenic microorganisms and result in invasive infections with systemic involvement due to the impairment of the immune system. Systemic candidosis is rare in dogs and few reports of this mycosis are available in literature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three cases of systemic candidosis associated to canine distemper virus in dogs, highlighting the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. Cases: Three cases of systemic infection by Candida sp. were diagnosed in dogs. The animals predominantly presented neurological clinical manifestations, followed by unspecific alterations with an evolution of 5 to 30 days. Macroscopically, the lesions were characterized by white-yellowish multifocal to coalescent areas surrounded by reddish borders in the kidneys and heart (cases 1, 2 and 3); liver and submandibular lymph node (case 1); and lung (case 2). In the brains of the three dogs were observed multifocal, blackened and/or reddish and friable areas. In case 1, was observed an increased volume of the right carpometacarpal joint, that when cut, released a reddish and turbid content. In case 2, there was deposition of a whitish lumpy material on the epicardial surface, aorta artery, pericardial sac and spleen; infarction on the right testicle, hydroureter, pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of necrossupurative inflammation associated to hemorrhage, vasculitis, congestion, thrombosis, infarction and fungal structures with distinct morphological patterns which included blastoconidia, pseudohyphae and hyphae. The fungal structures were...

Candidose sistêmica em cães associada à cinomose / Systemic candidosis in dogs associated with canine distemper virus

Background: Candidosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, which normally reside on the surfaces of the mucous membranes and in the skin of several animal species and healthy humans; however the fungi can convert into pathogenic microorganisms and result in invasive infections with systemic involvement due to the impairment of the immune system. Systemic candidosis is rare in dogs and few reports of this mycosis are available in literature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three cases of systemic candidosis associated to canine distemper virus in dogs, highlighting the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. Cases: Three cases of systemic infection by Candida sp. were diagnosed in dogs. The animals predominantly presented neurological clinical manifestations, followed by unspecific alterations with an evolution of 5 to 30 days. Macroscopically, the lesions were characterized by white-yellowish multifocal to coalescent areas surrounded by reddish borders in the kidneys and heart (cases 1, 2 and 3); liver and submandibular lymph node (case 1); and lung (case 2). In the brains of the three dogs were observed multifocal, blackened and/or reddish and friable areas. In case 1, was observed an increased volume of the right carpometacarpal joint, that when cut, released a reddish and turbid content. In case 2, there was deposition of a whitish lumpy material on the epicardial surface, aorta artery, pericardial sac and spleen; infarction on the right testicle, hydroureter, pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of necrossupurative inflammation associated to hemorrhage, vasculitis, congestion, thrombosis, infarction and fungal structures with distinct morphological patterns which included blastoconidia, pseudohyphae and hyphae. The fungal structures were...(AU)

Aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de cinomose em graxains / Anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of distemper virus in crab-eating-foxes and pampa-foxes

Background: Distemper is a contagious disease with worldwide distribution, which is caused by a single-stranded RNAvirus of the genus Morbillivirus. The Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and the Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus), wildcanids commonly found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, are highly susceptible to the disease. Distemper virus infection oftenshows a multisystemic presentation. Central nervous system lesions are frequently reported, and may lead to death of wild canids.Distemper virus infection affecting these species has been cited by several studies; nonetheless, case descriptions involving theCrab-eating fox and the Pampas fox are infrequent. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to describe the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of distemper in the referred species, aiming to assist with the diagnosis of the disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was performed, and the necropsy reports of Crab-eating foxes and Pampasfoxes admitted to SPV-UFRGS from 2010 to 2016 were reviewed. Necropsy reports were revised in order to obtain information related to the clinical history and anatomopathological findings, and cases compatible with distemper were selected. Dataregarding the affected species, sex, approximate age, origin and clinical signs were compiled and analyzed. Selected histologicalsections of brain and cerebellum were submitted for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for monoclonal antibody canine distempervirus. In the studied period, 20 animals of the referred species were subjected to necropsy, of which four were diagnosed withdistemper as a cause of death. Of the affected animals, two were female and two were male. Three were juvenile and one wasan adult animal. Clinical signs reported included myoclonia, opisthotonos, forelimb paresis and nystagmus. No significant grosschanges were noted. Histopathological findings were restricted to the central nervous system...

Aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de cinomose em graxains / Anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of distemper virus in crab-eating-foxes and pampa-foxes

Background: Distemper is a contagious disease with worldwide distribution, which is caused by a single-stranded RNAvirus of the genus Morbillivirus. The Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and the Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus), wildcanids commonly found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, are highly susceptible to the disease. Distemper virus infection oftenshows a multisystemic presentation. Central nervous system lesions are frequently reported, and may lead to death of wild canids.Distemper virus infection affecting these species has been cited by several studies; nonetheless, case descriptions involving theCrab-eating fox and the Pampas fox are infrequent. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to describe the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of distemper in the referred species, aiming to assist with the diagnosis of the disease.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was performed, and the necropsy reports of Crab-eating foxes and Pampasfoxes admitted to SPV-UFRGS from 2010 to 2016 were reviewed. Necropsy reports were revised in order to obtain information related to the clinical history and anatomopathological findings, and cases compatible with distemper were selected. Dataregarding the affected species, sex, approximate age, origin and clinical signs were compiled and analyzed. Selected histologicalsections of brain and cerebellum were submitted for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for monoclonal antibody canine distempervirus. In the studied period, 20 animals of the referred species were subjected to necropsy, of which four were diagnosed withdistemper as a cause of death. Of the affected animals, two were female and two were male. Three were juvenile and one wasan adult animal. Clinical signs reported included myoclonia, opisthotonos, forelimb paresis and nystagmus. No significant grosschanges were noted. Histopathological findings were restricted to the central nervous system...(AU)

Canine distemper virus: detection of viral RNA by Nested RT-PCR in dogs with clinical diagnosis / Vírus da cinomose canina: detecção do RNA viral pelo Nested RT-PCR em cães com diagnóstico clínico

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a pathogen which affects dogs and causes severe disease leading to death. Dogs infected with CDV can be diagnosed by RNA detection by Nested PCR technique. The following study proposed to evaluate CDV RNA in blood, urine and saliva samples. The Nested-PCR technique was able to detect CDV RNA in different types of biologic samples. The higher number of positive results was obtained in urine samples.(AU)

vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) é um patógeno que afeta cães, causando doença grave e que pode levar a morte. Os cães infectados pelo CDV podem ser diagnosticados pela detecção do RNA utilizando-se a técnica de Nested-PCR. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o RNA do CDV no sangue, urina e saliva em cães com diagnóstico clínico de cinomose. A técnica de Nested-PCR foi capaz de detectar o RNA em diferentes tipos de amostras biológicas. Obteve-se um maior número de resultados positivos em amostras de urina.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo de cães positivos para cinomose, em ensaio imunocromatográfico, atendidos no hospital veterinário de Uberaba - MG

A Cinomose canina é causada por um vírus do gênero Morbillivirus pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae. O tropismo viral pelos leucócitos pode levar à leucopenia com linfopenia, seguida de imunossupressão. Além disso, também pode ser observada trombocitopenia imunomediada. A detecção de antígenos virais, em swabs das conjuntivas de cães suspeitos de estarem infectados com cinomose, pode ser feita por meio da técnica de imunocromatografia. A infecção com o vírus da cinomose pode ser prevenida através da vacinação dos animais. A determinação da associação entre a infecção pelo Morbillivirus e alterações hematológicas e/ou bioquímicas em cães naturalmente infectados, pode auxiliar no acompanhamento do animal enfermo. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados os dados hematológicos e bioquímicos de 149 cães, de diferentes raças e idades, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, no período entre os anos de 2008 a 2012, todos com diagnóstico positivo para antígenos virais de cinomose. 18,79% foram vacinados; 45,63% não eram vacinados e 35,57% estavam com vacinação atrasada. Em relação ás alterações hematológicas, obteve-se em maior quantidade: 48,32% anemia; 26,10% desidratação e 50,33% trompocitopenia. Já nas alterações de leucometria, observou-se em maior quantidade: 42,21% com valores normais de leucócitos; 57,71% linfopenia. A maioria dos casos positivos ocorreram no período seco do ano.

The Canine Distemper is caused by a virus of the genus Morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The viral tropism by leukocytes can lead to leukopenia with lymphopenia, followed by immunosuppression. It also can be seen immunomediated thrombocytopenia. The detection of viral antigens in the conjunctival swabs of dogs suspected of being infected with canine distemper, can be made by immunochromatography technique. The infection with canine distemper virus may be prevented by vaccinating the animals. The determination of the association between infection and Morbillivirus hematological and / or biochemical changes in naturally infected dogs, can assist in monitoring the animal sick. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 149 hematological and biochemical dogs of different breeds and ages met at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, in the period between the years 2008 to 2012, all with positive diagnosis of distemper viral antigens . 18.79% were vaccinated; 45.63% were not vaccinated and were 35.57% with vaccination records. Regarding hematological ace, was obtained in greater quantity: 48.32% anemia, dehydration 26.10% and 50.33% trompocitopenia. Have changes in leukocyte count was observed in greater amounts: 42.21% with normal leukocytes; 57.71% lymphopenia. Most of the positive cases occurred in the dry season.

Estudo retrospectivo de cães positivos para cinomose, em ensaio imunocromatográfico, atendidos no hospital veterinário de Uberaba - MG

A Cinomose canina é causada por um vírus do gênero Morbillivirus pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae. O tropismo viral pelos leucócitos pode levar à leucopenia com linfopenia, seguida de imunossupressão. Além disso, também pode ser observada trombocitopenia imunomediada. A detecção de antígenos virais, em swabs das conjuntivas de cães suspeitos de estarem infectados com cinomose, pode ser feita por meio da técnica de imunocromatografia. A infecção com o vírus da cinomose pode ser prevenida através da vacinação dos animais. A determinação da associação entre a infecção pelo Morbillivirus e alterações hematológicas e/ou bioquímicas em cães naturalmente infectados, pode auxiliar no acompanhamento do animal enfermo. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados os dados hematológicos e bioquímicos de 149 cães, de diferentes raças e idades, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, no período entre os anos de 2008 a 2012, todos com diagnóstico positivo para antígenos virais de cinomose. 18,79% foram vacinados; 45,63% não eram vacinados e 35,57% estavam com vacinação atrasada. Em relação ás alterações hematológicas, obteve-se em maior quantidade: 48,32% anemia; 26,10% desidratação e 50,33% trompocitopenia. Já nas alterações de leucometria, observou-se em maior quantidade: 42,21% com valores normais de leucócitos; 57,71% linfopenia. A maioria dos casos positivos ocorreram no período seco do ano.(AU)

The Canine Distemper is caused by a virus of the genus Morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The viral tropism by leukocytes can lead to leukopenia with lymphopenia, followed by immunosuppression. It also can be seen immunomediated thrombocytopenia. The detection of viral antigens in the conjunctival swabs of dogs suspected of being infected with canine distemper, can be made by immunochromatography technique. The infection with canine distemper virus may be prevented by vaccinating the animals. The determination of the association between infection and Morbillivirus hematological and / or biochemical changes in naturally infected dogs, can assist in monitoring the animal sick. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 149 hematological and biochemical dogs of different breeds and ages met at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, in the period between the years 2008 to 2012, all with positive diagnosis of distemper viral antigens . 18.79% were vaccinated; 45.63% were not vaccinated and were 35.57% with vaccination records. Regarding hematological ace, was obtained in greater quantity: 48.32% anemia, dehydration 26.10% and 50.33% trompocitopenia. Have changes in leukocyte count was observed in greater amounts: 42.21% with normal leukocytes; 57.71% lymphopenia. Most of the positive cases occurred in the dry season.(AU)

Naturally occurring systemic canine distemper virus infection in a pup

This report describes the pathologic and immunohistochemical findings associated with naturally occurring systemic canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in a dog. Clinically, there was lymphopenia and hyperkeratosis of footpads, while pneumonia was identified by radiology. Gross lesions consisted of bilateral ocular discharge and discrete digital hyperkeratosis. By histopathology, there was severe interstitial pneumonia and necrosis of splenic germinal centers. Additionally, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed within cerebellar astrocytes without marked manifestation of CDV-induced encephalitis. Further, intracytoplasmic bodies were identified within the epithelial cells of the renal pelvis, lung, and urinary bladder. Immunohistochemistry identified the presence of CDV antigens in these tissues and further confirmed the systemic infection to the epidermis of footpads, heart, liver, intestine, spleen, and lymph node.

Avaliação da ação antiviral de diversos flavonóides, extratos orgânicos e substâncias puras sintéticas sobre o vírus da cinomose canina

A cinomose canina é causada por um vírus RNA fita simples do gênero Morbillivirus, família Paramyxoviridae. A infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina (?Canine Distemper Virus? CDV) é caracterizada por altos índices de letalidade e não há terapia antiviral específica disponível. Várias substâncias naturais já mostraram atividades anti-inflamatória, bactericida e antiviral, entre elas os flavonóides, taninos, saponinas e ácidos fenólicos extraídos de plantas. Devido ao grande impacto na população canina causado por esse vírus e à ausência de tratamento, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o potencial antiviral de alguns compostos fenólicos, extratos vegetais e drogas antivirais contra o CDV in vitro. A concentração máxima não tóxica (CMNT) do DMSO e dos compostos foi determinada por microscopia óptica e mensurada por uma variação do método colorimétrico baseado na redução do sal MTT. A atividade antiviral dos compostos foi avaliada através do ensaio de tempo de adição das drogas em diferentes etapas do ciclo replicativo viral (ensaio timing of addition). O DMSO não apresentou atividade antiviral ou efeito citotóxico em nenhum dos ensaios realizados. Todas as substâncias avaliadas apresentaram significante efeito antiviral. A quercetina, morina, hesperidina e rutina demonstraram atividade antiviral para as fases de adsorção e penetração, entretanto, apenas quercetina e hesperidina apresentaram efeito inibitório para a fase intracelular do ciclo replicativo do CDV. Entre os flavonóides, a rutina apresentou o maior potencial antiviral.

Avaliação da ação antiviral de diversos flavonóides, extratos orgânicos e substâncias puras sintéticas sobre o vírus da cinomose canina

A cinomose canina é causada por um vírus RNA fita simples do gênero Morbillivirus, família Paramyxoviridae. A infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina (?Canine Distemper Virus? CDV) é caracterizada por altos índices de letalidade e não há terapia antiviral específica disponível. Várias substâncias naturais já mostraram atividades anti-inflamatória, bactericida e antiviral, entre elas os flavonóides, taninos, saponinas e ácidos fenólicos extraídos de plantas. Devido ao grande impacto na população canina causado por esse vírus e à ausência de tratamento, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o potencial antiviral de alguns compostos fenólicos, extratos vegetais e drogas antivirais contra o CDV in vitro. A concentração máxima não tóxica (CMNT) do DMSO e dos compostos foi determinada por microscopia óptica e mensurada por uma variação do método colorimétrico baseado na redução do sal MTT. A atividade antiviral dos compostos foi avaliada através do ensaio de tempo de adição das drogas em diferentes etapas do ciclo replicativo viral (ensaio timing of addition). O DMSO não apresentou atividade antiviral ou efeito citotóxico em nenhum dos ensaios realizados. Todas as substâncias avaliadas apresentaram significante efeito antiviral. A quercetina, morina, hesperidina e rutina demonstraram atividade antiviral para as fases de adsorção e penetração, entretanto, apenas quercetina e hesperidina apresentaram efeito inibitório para a fase intracelular do ciclo replicativo do CDV. Entre os flavonóides, a rutina apresentou o maior potencial antiviral.(AU)