The effects of in-ovo injection of propolis on egg hatchability and starter live performance of Japanese Quails

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of in-ovo injection of a propolis water extract on hatchability, embryonic mortality, starter live performance, and livability of Japanese quails. In total, 500 fresh hatching eggs were randomly distributed into five treatment groups of 100 eggs per treatment with four replicates of 25 eggs each. On day 14 of incubation, eggs from group 1 were not injected (control), group 2 was injected with distilled water (water), group 3 was injected with 1% propolis water extract (1% propolis), group 4 was injected with 2% propolis water extract (2% propolis), and group 5 was injected with 3% propolis water extract (3% propolis). A completely randomized design was applied, and data were analyzed using the least-square methodology. Hatchability and embryonic mortality in the 2% propolis and 3% propolis treatment groups were significantly lower compared with the control group, but no significant differences were observed between the 1% propolis and control groups. There were no significant bodyweight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or livability differences among treatments. The results of this study demonstrated that in-ovo injection of propolis water extract, especially at doses of 2% and 3% propolis, had negative effects on hatchability and embryonic mortality, but 1% propolis had no detrimental effects on hatchability or embryonic mortality. In all treatment groups, propolis did not negatively affect body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or livability.

Study on the morphological development of quail embryos

In this study, the SWKQ series microcomputer automatic incubator was used to study the growth and development of quail in the embryonic stage. Results showed that the embryo shape of became gradually defined as embryo aged. On day 6, the head and body of quail were clearly differentiated, the legs became longer and the wings appeared. At 7 embryo age, the entire embryo of quail was very clear, and the beak has formed. During 3 to 9 days of age, quail embryos length increased quickly, showing a linearly upward trend. At 9 day old, quail embryos length reached 2.2 cm. The regression equation of embryo length to day old was curve regression, giving as following: y=-0.464+0.325x-0.004x2, y: embryo length, x: the age of the embryo.

The effects of in-ovo injection of propolis on egg hatchability and starter live performance of Japanese Quails

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of in-ovo injection of a propolis water extract on hatchability, embryonic mortality, starter live performance, and livability of Japanese quails. In total, 500 fresh hatching eggs were randomly distributed into five treatment groups of 100 eggs per treatment with four replicates of 25 eggs each. On day 14 of incubation, eggs from group 1 were not injected (control), group 2 was injected with distilled water (water), group 3 was injected with 1% propolis water extract (1% propolis), group 4 was injected with 2% propolis water extract (2% propolis), and group 5 was injected with 3% propolis water extract (3% propolis). A completely randomized design was applied, and data were analyzed using the least-square methodology. Hatchability and embryonic mortality in the 2% propolis and 3% propolis treatment groups were significantly lower compared with the control group, but no significant differences were observed between the 1% propolis and control groups. There were no significant bodyweight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or livability differences among treatments. The results of this study demonstrated that in-ovo injection of propolis water extract, especially at doses of 2% and 3% propolis, had negative effects on hatchability and embryonic mortality, but 1% propolis had no detrimental effects on hatchability or embryonic mortality. In all treatment groups, propolis did not negatively affect body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, or livability.(AU)

Study on the morphological development of quail embryos

In this study, the SWKQ series microcomputer automatic incubator was used to study the growth and development of quail in the embryonic stage. Results showed that the embryo shape of became gradually defined as embryo aged. On day 6, the head and body of quail were clearly differentiated, the legs became longer and the wings appeared. At 7 embryo age, the entire embryo of quail was very clear, and the beak has formed. During 3 to 9 days of age, quail embryos length increased quickly, showing a linearly upward trend. At 9 day old, quail embryos length reached 2.2 cm. The regression equation of embryo length to day old was curve regression, giving as following: y=-0.464+0.325x-0.004x2, y: embryo length, x: the age of the embryo.(AU)

Crescimento vascular em membrana do saco vitelínico e desenvolvimento embrionário de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) expostas a campo magnético de baixa frequência / Vascular growth in yolk sac membrane and embryonic development of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) exposed to low frequency magnetic field

O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a influência do campo magnético (CM) de baixa frequência na membrana do saco vitelínico (MSV) e no desenvolvimento do embrião de codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) em 72 horas de incubação. Ovos fertilizados foram expostos a nove horas consecutivas de CM, sendo um grupo a partir das 48 horas e o outro a partir das 63 horas de incubação. A quantificação da vascularização da MSV foi determinada pela obtenção da dimensão fractal por meio dos métodos de box-counting e de dimensão de informação, enquanto o peso corporal e o percentual de comprimento cefálico dos embriões foram utilizados como parâmetros de desenvolvimento embrionário. O CM não causou diferenças significativas na densidade vascular da MSV nem no desenvolvimento embrionário, quando comparados ao grupo controle.(AU)

The aim of this study was to observe the influence of the low frequency magnetic field (MF) on the yolk sac membrane (YSM) and embryonic development of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) in 72 hours of incubation. Fertilized eggs were exposed to 9 consecutive hours of MF, with a group from 48 hours and the second group from 63 hours of incubation. The evaluation of YSM vascularization was determined by the fractal dimensions obtained through box-counting method and information dimension, while body weight of the embryo and percentage of cephalic length were used as parameters for embryo development. The MF caused no significant differences in vessel density in the YSM, nor in the embryonic development considering the body weight and percentage cephalic length, when were compared to the control group.(AU)

Qualidade de ovos de codorna submetidos ou não a tratamento superficial da casca armazenados em diferentes ambientes / Quality of quail eggs submitted or no to surface treatment of the shell stored in different environments

With the aim of evaluating the quality of eggs of Japanese quail treated superficially, by immersion in mineral oil or propolis solution, simultaneous experiments were conducted in two environments, without refrigeration (Experiment 1) and with refrigeration (Experiment 2). For each experiment, were selected 360 intact eggs distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial 3 x 5 (untreated eggs; eggs immersed in propolis or eggs immersed in mineral oil, evaluated for five storage times: 7; 14; 21; 28 and 35 days), each treatment consisted of four replicates of six eggs each. The eggs had increased weight loss, decrease in specific gravity and growth the weight and the pH of the yolk, besides the reduced the pH of the albumen and their respective weight with advancing storage time in the absence of cooling (Experiment 1), whether treated or not in the shell. However, the surface treatment with mineral oil promoted protection against progressive loss of weight and decreased specific gravity, making them less intense with advancing the storage period without refrigeration. In the Experiment 2, the immersion of eggs in mineral oil promoted less weight loss, higher specific weight, greater weight of the yolk and the albumen during storage under refrigeration. The quality of quail eggs submitted of treatment superficial on shell by immersion in mineral oil is preserved for up to five weeks under different environments, with and without refrigeration.(AU)

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas tratados superficialmente, através de imersão em óleo mineral ou solução de própolis, foram conduzidos experimentos simultâneos em dois ambientes, sem refrigeração (Experimento 1) e com refrigeração (Experimento 2). Para cada experimento, foram selecionados 360 ovos íntegros distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 (ovos não tratados; ovos imersos em solução de própolis e ovos imersos em óleo mineral, avaliados durante cinco tempos de armazenamento: 7; 14; 21; 28 e 35 dias), cada tratamento foi composto por seis repetições de quatro ovos cada. Os ovos apresentaram aumento da perda de peso, diminuição do peso específico e aumento do peso e do pH da gema, além de redução do pH do albúmen e de seu respectivo peso com o avançar do tempo de estocagem na ausência de refrigeração (Experimento 1), independente se receberam ou não tratamento na casca. Entretanto, o tratamento superficial com óleo mineral promoveu proteção contra essa perda progressiva de peso e diminuição do peso específico, tornando-as menos intensas com o avançar do período de estocagem sem refrigeração. No Experimento 2, a imersão dos ovos em óleo mineral conferiu menor perda de peso, maior peso específico, maior peso de gema e de albúmen durante o armazenamento sob refrigeração.A qualidade de ovos de codornas submetidos a tratamento superficial da casca por imersão em óleo mineral é preservada por até cinco semanas em diferentes ambientes, sem e com refrigeração.(AU)

Qualidade de ovos de codorna submetidos ou não a tratamento superficial da casca armazenados em diferentes ambientes / Quality of quail eggs submitted or no to surface treatment of the shell stored in different environments

With the aim of evaluating the quality of eggs of Japanese quail treated superficially, by immersion in mineral oil or propolis solution, simultaneous experiments were conducted in two environments, without refrigeration (Experiment 1) and with refrigeration (Experiment 2). For each experiment, were selected 360 intact eggs distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial 3 x 5 (untreated eggs; eggs immersed in propolis or eggs immersed in mineral oil, evaluated for five storage times: 7; 14; 21; 28 and 35 days), each treatment consisted of four replicates of six eggs each. The eggs had increased weight loss, decrease in specific gravity and growth the weight and the pH of the yolk, besides the reduced the pH of the albumen and their respective weight with advancing storage time in the absence of cooling (Experiment 1), whether treated or not in the shell. However, the surface treatment with mineral oil promoted protection against progressive loss of weight and decreased specific gravity, making them less intense with advancing the storage period without refrigeration. In the Experiment 2, the immersion of eggs in mineral oil promoted less weight loss, higher specific weight, greater weight of the yolk and the albumen during storage under refrigeration. The quality of quail eggs submitted of treatment superficial on shell by immersion in mineral oil is preserved for up to five weeks under different environments, with and without refrigeration.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas tratados superficialmente, através de imersão em óleo mineral ou solução de própolis, foram conduzidos experimentos simultâneos em dois ambientes, sem refrigeração (Experimento 1) e com refrigeração (Experimento 2). Para cada experimento, foram selecionados 360 ovos íntegros distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 5 (ovos não tratados; ovos imersos em solução de própolis e ovos imersos em óleo mineral, avaliados durante cinco tempos de armazenamento: 7; 14; 21; 28 e 35 dias), cada tratamento foi composto por seis repetições de quatro ovos cada. Os ovos apresentaram aumento da perda de peso, diminuição do peso específico e aumento do peso e do pH da gema, além de redução do pH do albúmen e de seu respectivo peso com o avançar do tempo de estocagem na ausência de refrigeração (Experimento 1), independente se receberam ou não tratamento na casca. Entretanto, o tratamento superficial com óleo mineral promoveu proteção contra essa perda progressiva de peso e diminuição do peso específico, tornando-as menos intensas com o avançar do período de estocagem sem refrigeração. No Experimento 2, a imersão dos ovos em óleo mineral conferiu menor perda de peso, maior peso específico, maior peso de gema e de albúmen durante o armazenamento sob refrigeração.A qualidade de ovos de codornas submetidos a tratamento superficial da casca por imersão em óleo mineral é preservada por até cinco semanas em diferentes ambientes, sem e com refrigeração.