Resumo
The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of commercial and non-commercial cellulase and pectinase on rice husk and Tifton 85 hay hydrolyses. The hydrolysis kinetics of the substrates with commercial cellulase and pectinase were evaluated and the hydrolysis at different temperature and agitation conditions was maximized using experimental design. The combined use of commercial and non-commercial enzymes under optimized conditions was evaluated. The pre-treatment of the residues was also investigated by milling and different concentrations of NaOH. Finally, the effect of the hydrolysis on the bromatological composition of the residues was evaluated. The best hydrolysis times of rice husk and Tifton 85 hay were 10 and 12h for commercial cellulase, 12 and 14h for noncommercial cellulase, 10 and 14h for commercial pectinase and 16 and 20h for non-commercial pectinase, respectively. The highest hydrolysis values were obtained using commercial cellulase with 1:50 (w:v enzyme:water) dilution rate, at 45ºC and 300 rpm agitation for both substrates, reaching 20.6% maximum percentage for Tifton 85 hay and 11.6% for rice husk. The combined use of commercial enzymes did not increase hydrolysis percentage. The pre-treatment using 7.5% NaOH and 0.5 mm grain size significantly increased the rice husk and Tifton 85 hay hydrolyses (60-80%), either using commercial cellulase or pectinase enzymes. The use of non-commercial enzymes provided 18-30% hydrolysis obtained from commercial ones. Bromatological analyzes indicated a reduction in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content for rice husk and Tifton 85 hay when using pectinases and commercial cellulases.(AU)
Assuntos
Poligalacturonase/efeitos adversos , Poligalacturonase/análise , Celulase/efeitos adversos , Celulase/análise , Cynodon/enzimologia , HidróliseResumo
The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of commercial and non-commercial cellulase and pectinase on rice husk and Tifton 85 hay hydrolyses. The hydrolysis kinetics of the substrates with commercial cellulase and pectinase were evaluated and the hydrolysis at different temperature and agitation conditions was maximized using experimental design. The combined use of commercial and non-commercial enzymes under optimized conditions was evaluated. The pre-treatment of the residues was also investigated by milling and different concentrations of NaOH. Finally, the effect of the hydrolysis on the bromatological composition of the residues was evaluated. The best hydrolysis times of rice husk and Tifton 85 hay were 10 and 12h for commercial cellulase, 12 and 14h for noncommercial cellulase, 10 and 14h for commercial pectinase and 16 and 20h for non-commercial pectinase, respectively. The highest hydrolysis values were obtained using commercial cellulase with 1:50 (w:v enzyme:water) dilution rate, at 45ºC and 300 rpm agitation for both substrates, reaching 20.6% maximum percentage for Tifton 85 hay and 11.6% for rice husk. The combined use of commercial enzymes did not increase hydrolysis percentage. The pre-treatment using 7.5% NaOH and 0.5 mm grain size significantly increased the rice husk and Tifton 85 hay hydrolyses (60-80%), either using commercial cellulase or pectinase enzymes. The use of non-commercial enzymes provided 18-30% hydrolysis obtained from commercial ones. Bromatological analyzes indicated a reduction in neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content for rice husk and Tifton 85 hay when using pectinases and commercial cellulases.
Assuntos
Celulase/análise , Celulase/efeitos adversos , Cynodon/enzimologia , Poligalacturonase/análise , Poligalacturonase/efeitos adversos , HidróliseResumo
Pasture management with levels of leaf blades may favor significant increase in production, and the leaves indicated an important role in plant-animal relationship, caused by photosynthesis efficiency and better quality in animal diet. Current study identifies which leaf blade mass of the African star (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. Nlemfuensis) provides better productivity and nutritional value. Treatments comprised different leaf blade masses: 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 kg of dry matter ha-1. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and three repetitions, totaling 12 plots with 100 m2 each. Results indicated increase in production, in the leaf/stem ratio and in the interval days according to increase in leaf blade mass. Daily accumulation rate was similar to treatments. Crude protein decreased and fiber increased with rise in leaf blade mass and the highest forage productions were reported in the treatments 1200 and 1600 kg ha-1 leaf blade mass.
O manejo da pastagem com níveis de lâminas foliares pode favorecer incrementos significativos na produção, sendo que as folhas representa um papel importante na relação planta-animal, sendo responsável pela eficiência fotossintessintética e substrato de melhor qualidade na dieta animal. Com o intuito de avaliar as massas foliares da estrela africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. Nlemfuensis), o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar qual massa de lâmina foliar proporciona melhor produtividade e qualidade nutricional. Os tratamentos avaliados foram as diferentes massas de lâmina foliar: 800, 1.200, 1.600 e 2.000 kg de matéria seca ha-1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e três repetições, totalizando 12 parcelas de 100 m2 cada. Os resultados indicaram elevação na produção de colmo, na relação folha: colmo e nos dias de descanso de acordo com o aumento das massas de lâminas foliares. A taxa de acumulo diário de laminas foi semelhante para os tratamentos. Além disso ocorreu decréscimo nos teores de proteína bruta e elevação nos teores de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido. No entanto, as maiores produções de forragem foram observadas nos tratamentos 1.200 e 1.600 kg ha-1 de massa de lâminas foliares.
Assuntos
Cynodon/enzimologia , Pastagens/análise , Pastagens/métodosResumo
Pasture management with levels of leaf blades may favor significant increase in production, and the leaves indicated an important role in plant-animal relationship, caused by photosynthesis efficiency and better quality in animal diet. Current study identifies which leaf blade mass of the African star (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. Nlemfuensis) provides better productivity and nutritional value. Treatments comprised different leaf blade masses: 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 kg of dry matter ha-1. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and three repetitions, totaling 12 plots with 100 m2 each. Results indicated increase in production, in the leaf/stem ratio and in the interval days according to increase in leaf blade mass. Daily accumulation rate was similar to treatments. Crude protein decreased and fiber increased with rise in leaf blade mass and the highest forage productions were reported in the treatments 1200 and 1600 kg ha-1 leaf blade mass.(AU)
O manejo da pastagem com níveis de lâminas foliares pode favorecer incrementos significativos na produção, sendo que as folhas representa um papel importante na relação planta-animal, sendo responsável pela eficiência fotossintessintética e substrato de melhor qualidade na dieta animal. Com o intuito de avaliar as massas foliares da estrela africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis var. Nlemfuensis), o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar qual massa de lâmina foliar proporciona melhor produtividade e qualidade nutricional. Os tratamentos avaliados foram as diferentes massas de lâmina foliar: 800, 1.200, 1.600 e 2.000 kg de matéria seca ha-1. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e três repetições, totalizando 12 parcelas de 100 m2 cada. Os resultados indicaram elevação na produção de colmo, na relação folha: colmo e nos dias de descanso de acordo com o aumento das massas de lâminas foliares. A taxa de acumulo diário de laminas foi semelhante para os tratamentos. Além disso ocorreu decréscimo nos teores de proteína bruta e elevação nos teores de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido. No entanto, as maiores produções de forragem foram observadas nos tratamentos 1.200 e 1.600 kg ha-1 de massa de lâminas foliares.(AU)