Diagnosis of fungal and parasitic dermatopathies in dogs and cats of Paraíba state, Brazil / Diagnóstico de dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias em cães e gatos na Paraíba, Brasil

This study aimed to diagnose fungal and parasitic dermatopathies, describing its casuistry in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Hospital (VH) of the Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (LIID) and at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (SAMC), VH/IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil. Fifty-eight animals with skin lesions, including 41 dogs and 17 cats, were evaluated. Samples from the lesions were processed, resulting in 12.2% (5/41) of dogs testing positive for dermatophytes; 60% (3/5) of those cases were confirmed with Microsporum canis infections. For scabies, 24.4% (10/ 41) of dogs tested positive; of these, 80% (8/10, p≤0.05) had Demodex canis infections. In cats, 17.6% (3/17) were positive for dermatophytes; of these, 67% (2/3) were confirmed to have Microsporum gypseum infections. The positive testing rate for scabies in cats was 17.6% (3/17); of these, 67% (2/3) were Notoedres cati infections. In one cat, a concomitant infection was found witha dermatophyte (M. gypseum) and scabies (N. cati). It was concluded that the occurrence of dermatopathies is high at the SAMC/VH/IFPB. The main dermatophytes found were M. canis in dogs and M. gypseum in cats, and the most frequent scabies were D. canis in dogs and N. cati in cats.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar as dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias, descrevendo a casuística dessas enfermidades em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário do Instituto Federal da Paraíba – IFPB, campus Sousa, Paraíba-PB.O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas – LIDIC e na Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais - CMPA, HV/IFPB. Foram avaliados 58 animais, sendo 41 cães e 17 gatos. As amostras coletadas para as análises laboratoriais foram pelos e crostas das lesões. Obtiveram-se 12,2% (5/41) dos cães positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 60% (3/5) para Microsporum canis. Para sarnas, 24,4% (10/41) dos cães foram positivos, em 80% (8/10; p≤0,05) a infestação era por Demodex canis. Nos gatos, 17,6% (3/17) foram positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 67% (2/3) Microsporum gypseum. A positividade para sarnas em gatos foi 17,6% (3/17), destes, 67% (2/3) para Notoedres cati. Em apenas um felino foi encontrada infecção concomitante entre dermatófito (M. gypseum) e sarna (N.cati). Concluiu-se que é alta a casuística de dermatopatias na CMPA/HV/IFPB. O principal dermatófito encontrado em cães foi M. canis e em gatos M. gypseum. Dentre as sarnas Demodex spp. foi a mais frequente para cães e Notoedres sp. para gatos.

Diagnosis of fungal and parasitic dermatopathies in dogs and cats of Paraíba state, Brazil / Diagnóstico de dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias em cães e gatos na Paraíba, Brasil

This study aimed to diagnose fungal and parasitic dermatopathies, describing its casuistry in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Hospital (VH) of the Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Sousa, Paraíba. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases (LIID) and at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (SAMC), VH/IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil. Fifty-eight animals with skin lesions, including 41 dogs and 17 cats, were evaluated. Samples from the lesions were processed, resulting in 12.2% (5/41) of dogs testing positive for dermatophytes; 60% (3/5) of those cases were confirmed with Microsporum canis infections. For scabies, 24.4% (10/ 41) of dogs tested positive; of these, 80% (8/10, p≤0.05) had Demodex canis infections. In cats, 17.6% (3/17) were positive for dermatophytes; of these, 67% (2/3) were confirmed to have Microsporum gypseum infections. The positive testing rate for scabies in cats was 17.6% (3/17); of these, 67% (2/3) were Notoedres cati infections. In one cat, a concomitant infection was found witha dermatophyte (M. gypseum) and scabies (N. cati). It was concluded that the occurrence of dermatopathies is high at the SAMC/VH/IFPB. The main dermatophytes found were M. canis in dogs and M. gypseum in cats, and the most frequent scabies were D. canis in dogs and N. cati in cats.(AU)

O objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar as dermatopatias fúngicas e parasitárias, descrevendo a casuística dessas enfermidades em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário do Instituto Federal da Paraíba IFPB, campus Sousa, Paraíba-PB.O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas LIDIC e na Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais - CMPA, HV/IFPB. Foram avaliados 58 animais, sendo 41 cães e 17 gatos. As amostras coletadas para as análises laboratoriais foram pelos e crostas das lesões. Obtiveram-se 12,2% (5/41) dos cães positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 60% (3/5) para Microsporum canis. Para sarnas, 24,4% (10/41) dos cães foram positivos, em 80% (8/10; p≤0,05) a infestação era por Demodex canis. Nos gatos, 17,6% (3/17) foram positivos para dermatófitos, destes, 67% (2/3) Microsporum gypseum. A positividade para sarnas em gatos foi 17,6% (3/17), destes, 67% (2/3) para Notoedres cati. Em apenas um felino foi encontrada infecção concomitante entre dermatófito (M. gypseum) e sarna (N.cati). Concluiu-se que é alta a casuística de dermatopatias na CMPA/HV/IFPB. O principal dermatófito encontrado em cães foi M. canis e em gatos M. gypseum. Dentre as sarnas Demodex spp. foi a mais frequente para cães e Notoedres sp. para gatos.(AU)

Uso da cianobactéria spirulina associado ao amitraz no tratamento da demodiciose canina generalizada juvenil / Use of Cyanobacterium Spirulina Associated with Amitraz to Treatment in Juvenile Generalized Canine Demodiciosis

Background: The canine demodicosis (CD) is a parasitic skin disease of inflammatory, non-contagious, caused by excessive proliferation in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of a specific skin mite, Demodex canis. It is often seen in purebred dogs and short hair, and there was no gender bias. It is multifactorial, however, the juvenile form arises due to immunosuppression of cellular immunity and a hereditary predisposition, one of the most common skin disease in the veterinary clinic, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, where it tends to follow a more aggressive course. The cyanobacterium Spirulina is an aquatic microorganism that contains a huge amount of essential nutrients and bioavailable to the body, widely used in the world because of its nutritional richness and character immunostimulant, revealed in research. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding the cyanobacterium Spirulina in the treatment of young dogs suffering from generalized demodicosis. Material, Methods & Results: We used ten dogs with canine demodiciosis widespread youth, confirmed by the distributive pattern of injuries and the parasitologic cutaneos scraping (EPRC). The animals were divided into two experimental groups denominated GS (group spirulina) and CG (control group) of equal number (n = 5), where the fi rst (GS) received daily oral spirulina and baths weekly with amitraz for 90 days. For the animals of GC was adopted the same protocol for GS, but without the addition of spirulina. Hematologic evaluations were performed and serum biochemistry in three stages, the first before the application of design (M0) and the other every 45 days (M1 and M2). The animals were submitted to clinical and parasite every 15 days, the cure parasitic determined by obtaining three negative EPRC at intervals of 15 days between them. After discharge, the animals were followed for one year for any finding of recurrence. The dogs of the GS group (100%) had complete remission of clinical signs in an average of 52 days and parasitological cure obtained at 70 ± 5 days, with no history of relapses over a year. In the control group dogs had only three parasitologic cure within described in method (80 ± 5 days) while healing was clinically observed in 80% of the dogs at an average time of 64 days. As regards the hematology indices were observed changes in the hematocrit (Ht) CG and VCM (mean corpuscular volume) in both groups. In total leukocyte count was observed a demonstration of leukocytosis in isolade M0/GS. There was no change on the biochemical variables studied. Discussion: From the data obtained can be seen that the group that received Spirulina (GS) showed a high clinical and parasitological recovery (EPRC) earlier and more effective (52 days and 70 ± 5 days), respectively, when compared to dogs in the control group (GC). However, no observation of persistence of low hematimetric GS group, as well as the rapid recovery clinical and parasitological may have been determined by the addition of spirulina therapy control on the DCG juvenile animals studied, since it has large amount of nutrients available to the organism itself and its immunostimulating properties. However, it is necessary to adopt more organic indicators for reasons of greater benefi ts, especially as regards the immunological entities. Thus we can conclude that spirulina determined earlier recovery of affected patients DCG youth, and there was no any change clinical undesirable organic and commitment resulting from its chemical composition, revealing benefits as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of canine demodiciosis.

Atualização terapêutica em demodiciose canina: revisão de literatura e relato de caso / Therapeutic update on canine demodicosis: literature review and case report / Actualización terapéutica en la demodiciose canina: revisión de la literatura y reporte de un caso

Dentre os temas mais abrangentes em dermatologia veterinária, a sarna demodécica ganha um grande destaque devido sua elevada ocorrência em cães. O ácaro Demodex canis faz parte da microbiota normal da pele canina e sua proliferação pode iniciar devido a um distúrbio genético e imunológico, sendo a apresentação generalizada a manifestação mais grave da doença, resultando em um tratamento frequente e extenso. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o êxito e a eficácia do medicamento NexGard® (afoxolaner) no enfoque terapêutico de um cão com longo histórico de demodiciose generalizada e pouca resposta aos fármacos acaricidas tradicionalmente utilizados. Ainda, trazer a informação de que esta medicação, recentemente introduzida no mercado veterinário para controle de pulgas e carrapatos, se mostra promissora no tratamento da demodiciose canina. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, ficou demonstrado que o novo tratamento foi satisfatório, seguro e conveniente com melhora visível na condição clínica final, sem evidências de efeitos adversos.(AU)

Among one the broadest subjects in veterinary dermatology, demodectic mange is a huge feature because of its high incidence in dogs. The mite Demodex canis is part of the skin of the animal and its proliferation can start due to a genetic and immune disorder and it comes to the point that the generalized manifestation it is the most dangerous, resulting in a long term and frequent treatment. The goal of this study is to show the success and efficiency of this medicine NexGard® (afoxolaner) in a dog with a huge historic of generalized demodicosis and low answer to the acaricidis medicines traditionally used. Still, brings the information that this medication, recently introduced in the veterinary market for the control of fleas and ticks, it has been showing success in the treatment of canine demodicosis. According to the obtained results, it was proven that the new treatment was satisfactory, secure and convenient, with a visible improvement in the final clinical tests without evidences of side effects.(AU)

Entre los temas más amplios en la dermatología veterinaria, la sarna demodecica gana un gran espacio por su elevada ocurrencía en perros. Elácaro Demodex Canis es parte de la flora normal de la piel canina y su proliferación puede comentar debido a un disturbio genético y inmunológico, siendo así la presencia generalizada la etapa más grave de la enfermedad, resultando en un tratamiento frecuente y extenso. La finalidad de este estudio es demostrar el éxito y la eficacia del medicamento NexGard® (afoxolaner) en el enfoque terapéutico en um perro con un largo histórico de demodiciose generalizada y poca reacción a los medicamentos acaricidas tradicionalmente utilizados. Todavía, traer la información de que este medicamento, que fue introducido hace poco tiempo en el mercado veterinario para el control de las pulgas y garrapatos, se muestra prometedor con el tratamiento de la demodiciose canina. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, podemos afirmar que el nuevo tratamiento fue satisfactorio, seguro y conveniente con visible mejora en la condición clínica final, sin evidencias de efectos adversos.(AU)

Atualização terapêutica em demodiciose canina: revisão de literatura e relato de caso / Therapeutic update on canine demodicosis: literature review and case report / Actualización terapéutica en la demodiciose canina: revisión de la literatura y reporte de un caso

Dentre os temas mais abrangentes em dermatologia veterinária, a sarna demodécica ganha um grande destaque devido sua elevada ocorrência em cães. O ácaro Demodex canis faz parte da microbiota normal da pele canina e sua proliferação pode iniciar devido a um distúrbio genético e imunológico, sendo a apresentação generalizada a manifestação mais grave da doença, resultando em um tratamento frequente e extenso. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar o êxito e a eficácia do medicamento NexGard® (afoxolaner) no enfoque terapêutico de um cão com longo histórico de demodiciose generalizada e pouca resposta aos fármacos acaricidas tradicionalmente utilizados. Ainda, trazer a informação de que esta medicação, recentemente introduzida no mercado veterinário para controle de pulgas e carrapatos, se mostra promissora no tratamento da demodiciose canina. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, ficou demonstrado que o novo tratamento foi satisfatório, seguro e conveniente com melhora visível na condição clínica final, sem evidências de efeitos adversos.

Among one the broadest subjects in veterinary dermatology, demodectic mange is a huge feature because of its high incidence in dogs. The mite Demodex canis is part of the skin of the animal and its proliferation can start due to a genetic and immune disorder and it comes to the point that the generalized manifestation it is the most dangerous, resulting in a long term and frequent treatment. The goal of this study is to show the success and efficiency of this medicine NexGard® (afoxolaner) in a dog with a huge historic of generalized demodicosis and low answer to the acaricidis medicines traditionally used. Still, brings the information that this medication, recently introduced in the veterinary market for the control of fleas and ticks, it has been showing success in the treatment of canine demodicosis. According to the obtained results, it was proven that the new treatment was satisfactory, secure and convenient, with a visible improvement in the final clinical tests without evidences of side effects.

Entre los temas más amplios en la dermatología veterinaria, la sarna demodecica gana un gran espacio por su elevada ocurrencía en perros. Elácaro Demodex Canis es parte de la flora normal de la piel canina y su proliferación puede comentar debido a un disturbio genético y inmunológico, siendo así la presencia generalizada la etapa más grave de la enfermedad, resultando en un tratamiento frecuente y extenso. La finalidad de este estudio es demostrar el éxito y la eficacia del medicamento NexGard® (afoxolaner) en el enfoque terapéutico en um perro con un largo histórico de demodiciose generalizada y poca reacción a los medicamentos acaricidas tradicionalmente utilizados. Todavía, traer la información de que este medicamento, que fue introducido hace poco tiempo en el mercado veterinario para el control de las pulgas y garrapatos, se muestra prometedor con el tratamiento de la demodiciose canina. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, podemos afirmar que el nuevo tratamiento fue satisfactorio, seguro y conveniente con visible mejora en la condición clínica final, sin evidencias de efectos adversos.

Demodicose bovina: relato de caso / Bovine demodicosis: a case report

Amostras de tecidos colhidas à necropsia de uma vaca da raça Holandesa, nove anos de idade, foram fixadas em formol neutro a 10% e enviadas para exames histológicos. A macroscopia não revelou lesões nodulares cutâneas típicas de demodicose. Secções microscópicas de tegumento cutâneo da vulva evidenciaram ácaros (Demodex bovis) isolados ou em grupos no interior de folículos pilosos e glândulas sebáceas.(AU)

Tissues samples collected at necropsy from a 9 year-old Holstein cow were fixed in buffered 10% formalin for histological examination. Macroscopic finding did not reveal typical nodular cutaneous lesions. Vulvar microscopic sections of cutaneous tegument showed mites (Demodex bovis), alone and grouped in hair follicles and sebaceous glands.(AU)

Flutuação sazonal de Dermatobia hominis em peles bovinas oriundas de matadouro / Seasonal fluctuation of Dermatobia hominis in bovine skins from a slaughterhouse

The effect of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity on the seasonal fluctuation of Dermatobia hominis was investigated by counting the parasitized skins of slaughtered cattle at the abattoir of Pirai county, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from November 1995 to October 1997. The higher incidence of parasitized skins was observed in November 1995 and December 1996. Secondary peaks were observed in March and May 1996 and March 1997. High percentage of parasitism in skins through the summer seasons was associated with mean temperatures of 25°C and rainfall of 200 mm. The larval populations declined in both years from June to October, probably due to low temperatures at an average between 21ºC and 22.5ºC, and to low rainfall (under 50 mm). In a total of 5,142 skins checked in the 2-year study, 2,710 skins (52.7%) were parasitized with D. hominis larvae.(AU)

Realizou-se o estudo do efeito da temperatura, precipitação pluviométrica e da umidade relativa sobre a flutuação sazonal de larvas de Dermatobia hominis em 5.142 peles de bovinos. As peles foram obtidas junto a um matadouro localizado no município de Piraí, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, durante o período de novembro de 1995 a outubro de 1997. Os maiores picos de peles parasitadas por berne foram observados em novembro de 1995 e dezembro de 1996. Picos menores de infestação foram observados nos meses de março e maio de 1996 e março de 1997, quando também foram observadas altas porcentagens de peles infestadas. O aumento na porcentagem de peles parasitadas acompanhou o aumento da temperatura média mensal, sendo que temperaturas iguais ou maiores que 25ºC se mostraram benéficas ao aumento na porcentagem de peles parasitadas, assim como a precipitação pluviométrica, onde observou-se que períodos de chuvas mensais acima de 200 mm3 favoreceram ao aumento da porcentagem de peles parasitadas. As menores porcentagens de peles parasitadas por berne foram observadas durante o período de junho a outubro de 1996 e de 1997, quando verificou-se temperaturas médias mensais variando entre 21ºC e 22,5ºC, sendo que estas não se mostraram favoráveis ao aumento na porcentagem de peles parasitadas, assim como, precipitações pluviométricas mensais menores que 50 mm3. Das 5.142 peles examinadas, 2.710 (52,7%) encontravam-se parasitadas pelo berne.(AU)