Resumo
The larval digenean assemblages in snail hosts are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors and by environmental disturbances due to human activities. Given their susceptibility to different types of impact, they can be useful tools for the study of temporal variations in parasite communities. The study of temporal dynamics in prevalence and species richness of larval digenean assemblages of Heleobia parchappii (DOrbigny, 1835), in two Pampean lakes, provides a good opportunity to test the supposition that seasonal variations in digenean assemblages are determined by a series of biotic and abiotic factors that operate interdependently. To analyze the temporal variations, and to evaluate how local factors influence these digenean assemblages in Los Padres and La Brava lakes (Buenos Aires province, Argentina), 2,400 specimens of H. parchappii were collected seasonally, during one year. The digenean assemblages in Los Padres and La Brava lakes were composed of 13 and 12 species respectively. These larval digenean assemblages showed similarities in the number and in the seasonal frequency of occurrence of species (eight of which were present in both lakes). However, despite these similarities, the assemblages showed different temporal dynamics in La Brava and Los Padres lakes and, also, different correlations with the abiotic and biotic factors analyzed during this study (temperature, high of the water column and snail relative abundance). Temporal dynamics in prevalence and species richness of larval digenean assemblages of H. parchappii in both lakes seems to be influenced by a series of factors (diversity and abundance of definitive hosts, intermediate and definitive host location, snail relative abundance and anthropogenic disturbances). Our results highlight the importance of analyzing the role and interaction of local factors, especially in studies dealing with spatiotemporal fluctuations or with distance decay of similarities in species richness of parasite assemblages.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Moluscos/parasitologia , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem , Fatores BiológicosResumo
The larval digenean assemblages in snail hosts are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors and by environmental disturbances due to human activities. Given their susceptibility to different types of impact, they can be useful tools for the study of temporal variations in parasite communities. The study of temporal dynamics in prevalence and species richness of larval digenean assemblages of Heleobia parchappii (DOrbigny, 1835), in two Pampean lakes, provides a good opportunity to test the supposition that seasonal variations in digenean assemblages are determined by a series of biotic and abiotic factors that operate interdependently. To analyze the temporal variations, and to evaluate how local factors influence these digenean assemblages in Los Padres and La Brava lakes (Buenos Aires province, Argentina), 2,400 specimens of H. parchappii were collected seasonally, during one year. The digenean assemblages in Los Padres and La Brava lakes were composed of 13 and 12 species respectively. These larval digenean assemblages showed similarities in the number and in the seasonal frequency of occurrence of species (eight of which were present in both lakes). However, despite these similarities, the assemblages showed different temporal dynamics in La Brava and Los Padres lakes and, also, different correlations with the abiotic and biotic factors analyzed during this study (temperature, high of the water column and snail relative abundance). Temporal dynamics in prevalence and species richness of larval digenean assemblages of H. parchappii in both lakes seems to be influenced by a series of factors (diversity and abundance of definitive hosts, intermediate and definitive host location, snail relative abundance and anthropogenic disturbances). Our results highlight the importance of analyzing the role and interaction of local factors, especially in studies dealing with spatiotemporal fluctuations or with distance decay of similarities in species richness of parasite assemblages.
Assuntos
Animais , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem , Fatores Biológicos , Moluscos/parasitologiaResumo
The development of effective monitoring tools depends on finding sensitive metrics that are capable of detecting the most important environmental impacts at a given region. We assessed if metrics derived from stream fish assemblages reflect physical habitat degradation and changes in land cover. We sampled the ichthyofauna and environmental characteristics of 16 stream sites of first and second order in the Upper Tocantins River basin. The streams were classified according to their environmental characteristics into reference (n = 5), intermediate (n = 4), and impacted (n = 7). A total of 4,079 individuals in five orders, 12 families, and 30 species were collected. Of the 20 metrics tested, eight were non-collinear and were tested for their performance in discriminating among groups of streams. Three metrics were sensitive to the gradient of degradation: Berger-Parker dominance index, percentage of characiform fish, and percentage of rheophilic individuals. Some commonly used metrics did not reflect the disturbances and many others were redundant with those that did. These results indicate that the metrics derived from fish assemblages may be informative for identifying the conservation status of streams, with the potential to be used in biomonitoring.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Ambientais , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem/análise , Peixes , Pradaria , Bioestatística/métodos , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodosResumo
The development of effective monitoring tools depends on finding sensitive metrics that are capable of detecting the most important environmental impacts at a given region. We assessed if metrics derived from stream fish assemblages reflect physical habitat degradation and changes in land cover. We sampled the ichthyofauna and environmental characteristics of 16 stream sites of first and second order in the Upper Tocantins River basin. The streams were classified according to their environmental characteristics into reference (n = 5), intermediate (n = 4), and impacted (n = 7). A total of 4,079 individuals in five orders, 12 families, and 30 species were collected. Of the 20 metrics tested, eight were non-collinear and were tested for their performance in discriminating among groups of streams. Three metrics were sensitive to the gradient of degradation: Berger-Parker dominance index, percentage of characiform fish, and percentage of rheophilic individuals. Some commonly used metrics did not reflect the disturbances and many others were redundant with those that did. These results indicate that the metrics derived from fish assemblages may be informative for identifying the conservation status of streams, with the potential to be used in biomonitoring.(AU)
Assuntos
Peixes , Biomarcadores Ambientais , Pradaria , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Bioestatística/métodos , BrasilResumo
Escalating burden of antibiotic resistance that has reached new heights present a grave concern to mankind. As the problem is no longer confined to clinics, we hereby report identification of a pandrug resistant Escherichia coli isolate from heavily polluted Delhi stretch of river Yamuna, India. E. coli MRC11 was found sensitive only to tobramycin against 21 antibiotics tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration values >256 µg/mL for amoxicillin, carbenicillin, aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Addition of certain heavy metals at higher concentrations were ineffective in increasing susceptibility of E. coli MRC11 to antibiotics. Withstanding sub-optimal concentration of cefotaxime (10 µg/mL) and mercuric chloride (2 µg/mL), and also resistance to their combinatorial use, indicates better adaptability in heavily polluted environment through clustering and expression of resistance genes. Interestingly, E. coli MRC11 harbours two different variants of blaTEM (blaTEM-116 and blaTEM-1 with and without extended-spectrum activity, respectively), in addition to mer operon (merB, merP and merT) genes. Studies employing conjugation, confirmed localization of blaTEM-116, merP and merT genes on the conjugative plasmid. Understanding potentialities of such isolates will help in determining risk factors attributing pandrug resistance and strengthening strategic development of new and effective antimicrobial agents.(AU)
Assuntos
Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Genes MDR , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem , Metais Pesados , Poluição da Água/efeitos adversosResumo
Sea turtle hatchlings, in natural abiotic conditions, emerge from their nests at night and go directly to the sea, following the moonlights reflection in the ocean. Increased human activities such as tourism and artificial lights on the coasts, however, have interfered with the ability of sea turtle neonates to find their correct destination, negatively affecting their survival rates. Here we endeavored to assess the influence of artificial lights on the hatchlings of the sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) in the south coast of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. To that end, 10 experiments were conducted with 15 hatchlings/test subjects. Five experiments took place in artificially illuminated areas and five in non-illuminated areas. Circles with a 2 m radius were drawn on the sand a small 2-3 cm depression was made at the center of each circles. The neonates were then placed in the depressions to simulate their coming from a nest. After the neonates crossed the edge of the circles, their tracks were photographed and drawn on a diagram. To ascertain if the trajectories of the neonates differed between the two groups (hatchlings from illuminated versus non-illuminated nests), the Rayleigh test was used. The significance of those differences was tested using ANOVA. To evaluate similarities and significance of clusters, a Multi-Dimensional Scaling was used. The tracks of 86.67% (N = 65) of the hatchlings from nests at illuminated areas departed from their correct trajectory. The distribution of trajectories was considered random (V = 19.4895, p > 0.05) only for tracks originating from artificially illuminated areas. The movement patterns of hatchlings from illuminated and non-illuminated areas differed significantly (F < 0.0001, p < 0.01). Consistent with this, two distinct groups were identified, one from illuminated and one from non-illuminated areas...
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Iluminação , Orientação Espacial , Tartarugas , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem , Meio AmbienteResumo
Deforestation has negative impacts on diversity and community patterns of several taxa. In the eastern Amazon, where much deforestation is predicted for the coming years, forests patches may be essential to maintain the local biodiversity. Despite increasing concerns about the conservation of threatened areas, few studies have been performed to analyze the communities of diversified groups, such as insects, in the eastern Amazon. Here, we investigated species diversity and community structure of fruit-feeding butterflies, a well-known bioindicator group, in a threatened remnant of an eastern Amazonian forest located on Maranhão Island, northeastern Brazil. Fruit-feeding butterflies were sampled monthly for one year. Diversity and evenness indices, richness estimators, rarefaction curve, and rank-abundance plot were used to describe community structure in the study area. We captured 529 fruit-feeding butterflies in four subfamilies, 23 genera and 34 species. The three most abundant species, Hamadryas februa, Hamadryas feronia, and Hermeuptychia cf. atalanta are indicators of disturbed habitats and represented more than half of the collected individuals. Richness estimators revealed that between 87 and 94% of the fruit-feeding butterfly species were sampled, suggesting few additional records would be made for the area. Our results indicate that human-caused disturbances have altered local community patterns and provide baseline data for future research in threatened regions of the eastern Amazon.
O desmatamento tem impactos negativos na diversidade e padrões de comunidades de diversos taxa. Na Amazônia Oriental, onde um grande desmatamento é previsto para os próximos anos, manchas florestais podem ser essenciais para manter a biodiversidade local. Apesar de crescente preocupação quanto à conservação de áreas ameaçadas, poucos estudos foram realizados a fim de analisar comunidades de grupos diversificados, como insetos, na Amazônia Oriental. Aqui, nós investigamos a diversidade de espécies e a estrutura da comunidade de borboletas frugívoras, um reconhecido grupo de bioindicadores, em um remanescente de floresta Amazônica Oriental localizada na Ilha do Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil. As borboletas frugívoras foram amostradas mensalmente por um ano. Índices de diversidade e equitabilidade, estimadores de riqueza, curva de rarefação e um gráfico de rank/abundância foram utilizados para descrever a estrutura da comunidade na área de estudo. Nós capturamos 529 borboletas frugívoras de quatro subfamílias, 23 gêneros e 34 espécies. As três espécies mais abundantes, Hamadryas februa, Hamadryas feronia e Hermeuptychia cf. atalanta são indicadores de habitats perturbados e representaram mais da metade dos indivíduos coletados. Os estimadores de riqueza revelaram que entre 87 e 94% das espécies de borboletas frugívoras foram amostradas, sugerindo que poucos registros adicionais seriam feitos para a área. Nossos resultados indicam que distúrbios antrópicos alteraram padrões da comunidade local e fornecem dados para pesquisas futuras em regiões ameaçadas da Amazônia Oriental.
Assuntos
Animais , Biodiversidade , Biota , Borboletas , Ecossistema Amazônico/análise , Floresta Úmida , Brasil , Desastres Provocados pelo HomemResumo
Sea turtle hatchlings, in natural abiotic conditions, emerge from their nests at night and go directly to the sea, following the moonlights reflection in the ocean. Increased human activities such as tourism and artificial lights on the coasts, however, have interfered with the ability of sea turtle neonates to find their correct destination, negatively affecting their survival rates. Here we endeavored to assess the influence of artificial lights on the hatchlings of the sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) in the south coast of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. To that end, 10 experiments were conducted with 15 hatchlings/test subjects. Five experiments took place in artificially illuminated areas and five in non-illuminated areas. Circles with a 2 m radius were drawn on the sand a small 2-3 cm depression was made at the center of each circles. The neonates were then placed in the depressions to simulate their coming from a nest. After the neonates crossed the edge of the circles, their tracks were photographed and drawn on a diagram. To ascertain if the trajectories of the neonates differed between the two groups (hatchlings from illuminated versus non-illuminated nests), the Rayleigh test was used. The significance of those differences was tested using ANOVA. To evaluate similarities and significance of clusters, a Multi-Dimensional Scaling was used. The tracks of 86.67% (N = 65) of the hatchlings from nests at illuminated areas departed from their correct trajectory. The distribution of trajectories was considered random (V = 19.4895, p > 0.05) only for tracks originating from artificially illuminated areas. The movement patterns of hatchlings from illuminated and non-illuminated areas differed significantly (F < 0.0001, p < 0.01). Consistent with this, two distinct groups were identified, one from illuminated and one from non-illuminated areas...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Recém-Nascido , Tartarugas , Orientação Espacial , Iluminação , Meio Ambiente , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Desastres Provocados pelo HomemResumo
Deforestation has negative impacts on diversity and community patterns of several taxa. In the eastern Amazon, where much deforestation is predicted for the coming years, forests patches may be essential to maintain the local biodiversity. Despite increasing concerns about the conservation of threatened areas, few studies have been performed to analyze the communities of diversified groups, such as insects, in the eastern Amazon. Here, we investigated species diversity and community structure of fruit-feeding butterflies, a well-known bioindicator group, in a threatened remnant of an eastern Amazonian forest located on Maranhão Island, northeastern Brazil. Fruit-feeding butterflies were sampled monthly for one year. Diversity and evenness indices, richness estimators, rarefaction curve, and rank-abundance plot were used to describe community structure in the study area. We captured 529 fruit-feeding butterflies in four subfamilies, 23 genera and 34 species. The three most abundant species, Hamadryas februa, Hamadryas feronia, and Hermeuptychia cf. atalanta are indicators of disturbed habitats and represented more than half of the collected individuals. Richness estimators revealed that between 87 and 94% of the fruit-feeding butterfly species were sampled, suggesting few additional records would be made for the area. Our results indicate that human-caused disturbances have altered local community patterns and provide baseline data for future research in threatened regions of the eastern Amazon.(AU)
O desmatamento tem impactos negativos na diversidade e padrões de comunidades de diversos taxa. Na Amazônia Oriental, onde um grande desmatamento é previsto para os próximos anos, manchas florestais podem ser essenciais para manter a biodiversidade local. Apesar de crescente preocupação quanto à conservação de áreas ameaçadas, poucos estudos foram realizados a fim de analisar comunidades de grupos diversificados, como insetos, na Amazônia Oriental. Aqui, nós investigamos a diversidade de espécies e a estrutura da comunidade de borboletas frugívoras, um reconhecido grupo de bioindicadores, em um remanescente de floresta Amazônica Oriental localizada na Ilha do Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil. As borboletas frugívoras foram amostradas mensalmente por um ano. Índices de diversidade e equitabilidade, estimadores de riqueza, curva de rarefação e um gráfico de rank/abundância foram utilizados para descrever a estrutura da comunidade na área de estudo. Nós capturamos 529 borboletas frugívoras de quatro subfamílias, 23 gêneros e 34 espécies. As três espécies mais abundantes, Hamadryas februa, Hamadryas feronia e Hermeuptychia cf. atalanta são indicadores de habitats perturbados e representaram mais da metade dos indivíduos coletados. Os estimadores de riqueza revelaram que entre 87 e 94% das espécies de borboletas frugívoras foram amostradas, sugerindo que poucos registros adicionais seriam feitos para a área. Nossos resultados indicam que distúrbios antrópicos alteraram padrões da comunidade local e fornecem dados para pesquisas futuras em regiões ameaçadas da Amazônia Oriental.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Borboletas , Biota , Biodiversidade , Floresta Úmida , Ecossistema Amazônico/análise , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem , BrasilResumo
O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do papel do Direito na construção de uma comunicação capaz de induzir à redução de vulnerabilidades no cenário brasileiro. Mais especificamente, a pesquisa, estruturada com base em bibliografia e jurisprudência, elucida os limites e possibilidades da prestação jurisdicional, diante da conjugação dos seguintes fatores: necessidade (imposição legal) de redução da vulnerabilidade (injustiça socioambiental), abordagem baseada em direitos fundamentais (com destaque para o direito à moradia, ocupação de área de risco e pagamento de aluguel social) gestão de risco e o limite orçamentário das políticas públicas.(AU)
This article proposes a reflection on the role of Law in the construction of a communication capable of inducing the reduction of vulnerabilities in the Brazilian scenario. More specifically, research, based on bibliography and jurisprudence, elucidates the limits and possibilities of jurisdictional provision, considering the following factors: need (legal imposition) of vulnerability reduction (socio-environmental injustice), fundamental rights approach with emphasis on the right to housing, occupation of risk area and payment of social rent) risk management and the budget limit of public policies.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Vulnerabilidade a Desastres/legislação & jurisprudência , Vulnerabilidade Social , Direitos Civis/legislação & jurisprudência , Política Pública , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem , Legislação AmbientalResumo
O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do papel do Direito na construção de uma comunicação capaz de induzir à redução de vulnerabilidades no cenário brasileiro. Mais especificamente, a pesquisa, estruturada com base em bibliografia e jurisprudência, elucida os limites e possibilidades da prestação jurisdicional, diante da conjugação dos seguintes fatores: necessidade (imposição legal) de redução da vulnerabilidade (injustiça socioambiental), abordagem baseada em direitos fundamentais (com destaque para o direito à moradia, ocupação de área de risco e pagamento de aluguel social) gestão de risco e o limite orçamentário das políticas públicas.
This article proposes a reflection on the role of Law in the construction of a communication capable of inducing the reduction of vulnerabilities in the Brazilian scenario. More specifically, research, based on bibliography and jurisprudence, elucidates the limits and possibilities of jurisdictional provision, considering the following factors: need (legal imposition) of vulnerability reduction (socio-environmental injustice), fundamental rights approach with emphasis on the right to housing, occupation of risk area and payment of social rent) risk management and the budget limit of public policies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Direitos Civis/legislação & jurisprudência , Vulnerabilidade Social , Vulnerabilidade a Desastres/legislação & jurisprudência , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem , Legislação Ambiental , Política PúblicaResumo
Balloniscus glaber Araujo & Zardo, 1995 (Balloniscidae), a Neotropical Oniscidea, has been recorded historically in environments with low or no human interference. In one of these areas, it was determined as aK-strategist. Recently, however, this species was documented in a disturbed forest within urban limits. The present work revealed that the population in the urban area has high density, high number of ovigerous females and mancae in the population, a long reproductive period, and early sexual maturity. These results suggest that modified environments may provide favorable conditions and that the species is not negatively affected by human influence.(AU)
Balloniscus glaber Araujo & Zardo, 1995 (Balloniscidae), um oniscídeo Neotropical, tem sido registrado historicamente em ambientes com baixa ou sem interferência humana. Em uma dessas áreas, a espécie foi classificada como K-estrategista. No entanto, recentemente foi registrada em uma floresta perturbada dentro dos limites urbanos. O presente trabalho revela que a população na área urbana tem densidade alta, elevado número de fêmeas ovígeras e mancas, período reprodutivo longo e maturidade sexual precoce. Estes resultados sugerem que um ambiente modificado pode proporcionar condições favoráveis e que a espécie não é afetada negativamente pela influência humana.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Isópodes , Ecossistema , Cidades , Atividades Humanas , Desastres Provocados pelo HomemResumo
Balloniscus glaber Araujo & Zardo, 1995 (Balloniscidae), a Neotropical Oniscidea, has been recorded historically in environments with low or no human interference. In one of these areas, it was determined as aK-strategist. Recently, however, this species was documented in a disturbed forest within urban limits. The present work revealed that the population in the urban area has high density, high number of ovigerous females and mancae in the population, a long reproductive period, and early sexual maturity. These results suggest that modified environments may provide favorable conditions and that the species is not negatively affected by human influence.
Balloniscus glaber Araujo & Zardo, 1995 (Balloniscidae), um oniscídeo Neotropical, tem sido registrado historicamente em ambientes com baixa ou sem interferência humana. Em uma dessas áreas, a espécie foi classificada como K-estrategista. No entanto, recentemente foi registrada em uma floresta perturbada dentro dos limites urbanos. O presente trabalho revela que a população na área urbana tem densidade alta, elevado número de fêmeas ovígeras e mancas, período reprodutivo longo e maturidade sexual precoce. Estes resultados sugerem que um ambiente modificado pode proporcionar condições favoráveis e que a espécie não é afetada negativamente pela influência humana.
Assuntos
Animais , Atividades Humanas , Cidades , Ecossistema , Isópodes , Desastres Provocados pelo HomemResumo
A exploração antrópica tem gerado impactos nas lagoas costeiras do sul do Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os principais aspectos ambientais e sociais relacionados ao conflito entre pescadores e produtores de arroz, a partir do conhecimento ecológico local dos moradores da Lagoa do Bacopari, Mostarda, RS. Foram realizadas entrevistas (questionários semi-estruturados) com 17 moradores (incluindo 12 pescadores). Os entrevistados mencionaram a ocorrência de 26 espécies de peixes na lagoa e 16 entrevistados citaram mudanças na pesca e na lagoa, como excesso de pesca (n = 9) e assoreamento (n = 8) devido à retirada de água para a irrigação de arrozais. Durante um workshop para apresentação de dados à comunidade, os moradores apresentaram demandas, organizadas como hipóteses científicas. Os resultados ressaltam a importância de estudos sobre conhecimento ecológico local como complemento a estudos biológicos e apoio ao diálogo entre moradores locais e demais atores, visando à resolução de conflitos ambientais e sociais em ecossistemas costeiros.(AU)
Anthropic exploration has been causing impacts in coastal lagoons Brazilian South. The goal of the present study was to investigate the main environmental and social aspects related to the conflict between fishers and rice farmers, based on the local ecological knowledge of people living at the Bacopari Lagoon, Mostarda, RS. Interviews with semi-structured questionnaires were conducted with 17 residents (including 12 fishers). Interviewees mentioned 26 fish species occurring in the lagoon and 16 interviewees mentioned changes on the fisheries and the lagoon, such as overfishing (n = 9) and siltation (n = 8) due to water withdrawal for irrigation of rice fields. During a workshop, which was held to present surveys results to the community, local people suggested demands, which were organized as scientific hypotheses. The results reinforce the importance of studies on local ecological knowledge as a complement to biological surveys and to support the dialogue involving local people and other actors, aimed at s olving the environmental and social conflicts in coastal ecosystems.(AU)
Assuntos
Desastres Provocados pelo Homem/efeitos adversos , Riscos Ambientais , EcossistemaResumo
A exploração antrópica tem gerado impactos nas lagoas costeiras do sul do Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar os principais aspectos ambientais e sociais relacionados ao conflito entre pescadores e produtores de arroz, a partir do conhecimento ecológico local dos moradores da Lagoa do Bacopari, Mostarda, RS. Foram realizadas entrevistas (questionários semi-estruturados) com 17 moradores (incluindo 12 pescadores). Os entrevistados mencionaram a ocorrência de 26 espécies de peixes na lagoa e 16 entrevistados citaram mudanças na pesca e na lagoa, como excesso de pesca (n = 9) e assoreamento (n = 8) devido à retirada de água para a irrigação de arrozais. Durante um workshop para apresentação de dados à comunidade, os moradores apresentaram demandas, organizadas como hipóteses científicas. Os resultados ressaltam a importância de estudos sobre conhecimento ecológico local como complemento a estudos biológicos e apoio ao diálogo entre moradores locais e demais atores, visando à resolução de conflitos ambientais e sociais em ecossistemas costeiros.
Anthropic exploration has been causing impacts in coastal lagoons Brazilian South. The goal of the present study was to investigate the main environmental and social aspects related to the conflict between fishers and rice farmers, based on the local ecological knowledge of people living at the Bacopari Lagoon, Mostarda, RS. Interviews with semi-structured questionnaires were conducted with 17 residents (including 12 fishers). Interviewees mentioned 26 fish species occurring in the lagoon and 16 interviewees mentioned changes on the fisheries and the lagoon, such as overfishing (n = 9) and siltation (n = 8) due to water withdrawal for irrigation of rice fields. During a workshop, which was held to present surveys results to the community, local people suggested demands, which were organized as scientific hypotheses. The results reinforce the importance of studies on local ecological knowledge as a complement to biological surveys and to support the dialogue involving local people and other actors, aimed at s olving the environmental and social conflicts in coastal ecosystems.
Assuntos
Desastres Provocados pelo Homem/efeitos adversos , Ecossistema , Riscos AmbientaisResumo
Enterobactérias são importantes agentes de infecção podendo contaminar ambientes aquáticos poluídos por atividades antropogênicas, os quais podem ser importantes locais para a seleção e disseminação de bactérias resistentes aos antibacterianos (ATB) de uso na medicina humana e veterinária. O objetivo desse estudo foi monitorar a disseminação de enterobactérias resistentes aos ATB em ambientes aquáticos do estado de São Paulo. De 2009-2010, 135 enterobactérias resistentes à pelo menos um ATB, foram isoladas de rios, represas e estações de tratamento de esgoto. O fenótipo multirresistente (MR) foi predominante em 64% dos isolados, sendo que houve um predomino de E. coli (80%) e K. pneumoniae (48%). [...] A tipagem molecular revelou ausência de relação clonal entre os isolados de K. pneumoniae e E. coli.
Enterobacteria are important agents of infection may contaminate aquatic environments polluted by anthropogenic activities, which may be important sites for the selection and spread of bacteria resistant to antibiotics (ATB) for use in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to monitor the spread of enterobacteria resistant to ATB in aquatic environments of the state of Sao Paulo. From 2009-2010, 135 Enterobacteriaceae resistant to at least one ATB, were isolated from rivers, dams and sewage treatment plants. The phenotype resistant (MDR) was predominant in 64% of the isolates, and there was the predominance of E. coli (80%) and K pneumoniae (48%). [...] Molecular typing revealed no clonal relationship among isolates of K. pneumoniae and E. coli.
Assuntos
Animais , Ambiente Aquático/análise , Antibacterianos , Bactérias , Enterobacteriaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Desastres Provocados pelo Homem/efeitos adversos , Infecções Bacterianas , Redes de EsgotoResumo
Enterobactérias são importantes agentes de infecção podendo contaminar ambientes aquáticos poluídos por atividades antropogênicas, os quais podem ser importantes locais para a seleção e disseminação de bactérias resistentes aos antibacterianos (ATB) de uso na medicina humana e veterinária. O objetivo desse estudo foi monitorar a disseminação de enterobactérias resistentes aos ATB em ambientes aquáticos do estado de São Paulo. De 2009-2010, 135 enterobactérias resistentes à pelo menos um ATB, foram isoladas de rios, represas e estações de tratamento de esgoto. O fenótipo multirresistente (MR) foi predominante em 64% dos isolados, sendo que houve um predomino de E. coli (80%) e K. pneumoniae (48%). [...] A tipagem molecular revelou ausência de relação clonal entre os isolados de K. pneumoniae e E. coli.
Enterobacteria are important agents of infection may contaminate aquatic environments polluted by anthropogenic activities, which may be important sites for the selection and spread of bacteria resistant to antibiotics (ATB) for use in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to monitor the spread of enterobacteria resistant to ATB in aquatic environments of the state of Sao Paulo. From 2009-2010, 135 Enterobacteriaceae resistant to at least one ATB, were isolated from rivers, dams and sewage treatment plants. The phenotype resistant (MDR) was predominant in 64% of the isolates, and there was the predominance of E. coli (80%) and K pneumoniae (48%). [...] Molecular typing revealed no clonal relationship among isolates of K. pneumoniae and E. coli.