Esporotricose felina na região periocular - eficácia do tratamento com itraconazol / Feline sporotrichosis in the periocular region - successful treatment with itraconazole

Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It isan emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution, thus of great importance to public health. The infection occurs fromtraumatic inoculation of the fungus in the human skin from contaminated plants and soils and through bites or scratchesof infected animals. The occurrence of sporotrichosis has been related to zoonotic transmission, especially by domesticfelines. This work aims to report the successful use of itraconazole as monotherapy in a case of localized feline sporotrichosis and highlight the effectiveness of cytology in its diagnosis.Case: A 1-year-and-4-month-old spayed female cat undefined breed, weighing 3.1 kg, was referred to the VeterinaryMedical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), city of Umuarama, presenting a serosanguinous ulcerative lesion located in the left periocular region The clinical picture of the patient progressed over 3 months.Treatments with antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures were conducted, without clinical improvement. A new lesion in the distal portion of the thoracic limb emerged, proving that the disease remained in progression.Hematological exams were performed, among them hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical analyses, SNAPS to identifythe feline immunodeficiency virus feline leukemia virus (FIV/FeLV), and cytology of the lesion through imprints. Thehematological results were all within the normal standards for the species. Cytology showed a large amount of oval andfusiform structures phagocyted by polymorphonuclear cells, free at the bottom of the slide, compatible with Sporothrixspp. The treatment administered was itraconazole (100 mg/cat), orally administered every 24 h, cefovecin sodium 8 mg/kg,subcutaneous, single dose, topical use of...

Esporotricose felina na região periocular - eficácia do tratamento com itraconazol / Feline sporotrichosis in the periocular region - successful treatment with itraconazole

Background: Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It isan emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution, thus of great importance to public health. The infection occurs fromtraumatic inoculation of the fungus in the human skin from contaminated plants and soils and through bites or scratchesof infected animals. The occurrence of sporotrichosis has been related to zoonotic transmission, especially by domesticfelines. This work aims to report the successful use of itraconazole as monotherapy in a case of localized feline sporotrichosis and highlight the effectiveness of cytology in its diagnosis.Case: A 1-year-and-4-month-old spayed female cat undefined breed, weighing 3.1 kg, was referred to the VeterinaryMedical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), city of Umuarama, presenting a serosanguinous ulcerative lesion located in the left periocular region The clinical picture of the patient progressed over 3 months.Treatments with antibiotic therapy, corticosteroids, and surgical procedures were conducted, without clinical improvement. A new lesion in the distal portion of the thoracic limb emerged, proving that the disease remained in progression.Hematological exams were performed, among them hemogram, renal and hepatic biochemical analyses, SNAPS to identifythe feline immunodeficiency virus feline leukemia virus (FIV/FeLV), and cytology of the lesion through imprints. Thehematological results were all within the normal standards for the species. Cytology showed a large amount of oval andfusiform structures phagocyted by polymorphonuclear cells, free at the bottom of the slide, compatible with Sporothrixspp. The treatment administered was itraconazole (100 mg/cat), orally administered every 24 h, cefovecin sodium 8 mg/kg,subcutaneous, single dose, topical use of...(AU)

Sporotrichosis outburst after cancer chemotherapy in a dog

Background: Sporotrichosis is a dermatozoonosis that affects mammals in general, with the domestic feline (Felis catus)being the most epidemiologically important species. However, diagnosis of this disease in dogs is important consideringthe proximity with people and with other communicants. The epidemiology of sporotrichosis is already known in somestates of Brazil, especially in the southeast region, but to the best of our knowledge there are no reports of sporotrichosisin non-human species in the state of Espírito Santo. This paper aimed at describing the first case of canine sporotrichosisin Espírito Santo, Brazil.Case: A 10 year-old Bull Terrier male dog was presented with nodular non-ulcerated lesions on the head and nodularulcerated lesion on the nasal planum. The dog had a previous diagnosis of a low-grade mast cell tumour and palpebralmelanoma. Mast cell tumour was treated with scrotum ablation (and orchiectomy) and bilateral inguinal lymph node removal, followed by chemotherapy with twelve intravenous infusion of vinblastine, along with prednisolone. Cutaneouslesions in the head and nasal planum appeared two months after finishing chemotherapy. At further anamnesis, the pet´sresponsible reported that the dog had the habit of hunting cats that entered the residence, which raised the hypothesis ofsporotrichosis. An undiagnostic cytology was performed, followed by a fungal culture, positive for Sporothrix schenckii.Treatment was then initiated with itraconazol (Oficial generic drug), at a dose of 10mg/kg/SID, until clinical remission,obtained after 60 days, maintaining it for 60 more days. Patient showed completed recovery, with no further complatintsafter a follow-up of more than 220 days.Discussion: Sporotrichosis is considered a rare disease in dogs, with isolated cases in the literature...

Sporotrichosis outburst after cancer chemotherapy in a dog

Background: Sporotrichosis is a dermatozoonosis that affects mammals in general, with the domestic feline (Felis catus)being the most epidemiologically important species. However, diagnosis of this disease in dogs is important consideringthe proximity with people and with other communicants. The epidemiology of sporotrichosis is already known in somestates of Brazil, especially in the southeast region, but to the best of our knowledge there are no reports of sporotrichosisin non-human species in the state of Espírito Santo. This paper aimed at describing the first case of canine sporotrichosisin Espírito Santo, Brazil.Case: A 10 year-old Bull Terrier male dog was presented with nodular non-ulcerated lesions on the head and nodularulcerated lesion on the nasal planum. The dog had a previous diagnosis of a low-grade mast cell tumour and palpebralmelanoma. Mast cell tumour was treated with scrotum ablation (and orchiectomy) and bilateral inguinal lymph node removal, followed by chemotherapy with twelve intravenous infusion of vinblastine, along with prednisolone. Cutaneouslesions in the head and nasal planum appeared two months after finishing chemotherapy. At further anamnesis, the pet´sresponsible reported that the dog had the habit of hunting cats that entered the residence, which raised the hypothesis ofsporotrichosis. An undiagnostic cytology was performed, followed by a fungal culture, positive for Sporothrix schenckii.Treatment was then initiated with itraconazol (Oficial generic drug), at a dose of 10mg/kg/SID, until clinical remission,obtained after 60 days, maintaining it for 60 more days. Patient showed completed recovery, with no further complatintsafter a follow-up of more than 220 days.Discussion: Sporotrichosis is considered a rare disease in dogs, with isolated cases in the literature...(AU)

Fungal infection control by garlic extracts (Allium sativum L. ) and modulation of peritoneal macrophages activity in murine model of sporotrichosis / Controle da infecção fúngica pelos extratos de alho (Allium sativum L. ) e modulação da atividade de macrófagos peritoneais em modelo murino de esporotricose

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is grown all over the world as seasoning and medicinal vegetable since 3,000 BC. Allicin is the main component of garlic, being attributed to it the most of its biological activities, such as bactericidal, antifungal and antiviral actions. However, other compounds of garlic present antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, vasodilator activities, protective action against different types of cancer, and immunomodulatory. Fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in people mainly in immunosuppressed ones. Sporothrix schenckii, the causing agent of Sporotrichosis (most common subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America), is dimorphic fungus, of saprophytic life in soil or plants, infecting people and animals mainly through skin injuries and bruises. The main of this work was to evaluate the influence of garlic consuming on immune modulation of healthy and infected Swiss mice in induced way by S. schenckii, since these animals functioning of peritoneal macrophages as well as the nitric oxide and cytokines production (IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-12) and to evaluate the antifungal potential of garlic with S. schenckii through minimum inhibitory concentration test and colony-forming units. The results showed that garlic offers antifungal potential with S. schenckii. The oral taking of garlic extracts influences the releasing of cytokines by macrophages, regular consuming shows anti-inflammatory effect, and its acute use may take to an inflammatory response. Mice that consumed garlic responded more effectively to fight against the infection.(AU)

O alho (Allium sativum L.) é cultivado em todo o mundo como hortaliça condimentar e medicinal desde 3.000 a. C. A alicina é o principal componente do alho, sendo atribuída a ela a maior parte das suas atividades biológicas, dentre elas as ações bactericida, antifúngica e antiviral. Porém, outros compostos do alho apresentam atividade antioxidante, hipocolesterolemiante, vasodilatadora, ação protetora contra diversos tipos de câncer e imunomoduladora. As infecções por fungos são causas importantes de morbidade e mortalidade no homem principalmente em indivíduos imunossuprimidos. O Sporothrix schenckii, agente causal da esporotricose (micose subcutânea mais comum na América Latina), é fungo dimórfico, de vida saprofítica no solo ou em vegetais, infectando homens e os animais principalmente através de lesões e arranhões na pele. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência do consumo de alho na imunomodulação de camundongos Swiss saudáveis e infectados de forma induzida por S. schenckii, a partir do estado funcional dos macrófagos peritoneais desses animais quanto à produção de óxido nítrico e das citocinas (IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-12) e avaliar o potencial antifúngico do alho frente ao S. schenckii por meio de teste de concentração inibitória mínima e unidades formadoras de colônia. Os resultados demonstraram que o alho apresenta potencial antifúngico frente S. schenckii. A administração oral de extratos de alho influencia a liberação de citocinas por macrófagos, o consumo regular apresenta efeito anti-inflamatório, e seu uso agudo pode gerar uma resposta inflamatória. Camundongos que consumiram alho responderam de forma mais efetiva no combate da infecção.(AU)

Esporotricose e implicações à saúde pública com vistas à ocorrência da doença no município de Belo Horizonte

Os fungos são organismos que convivem no mesmo ambiente do ser humano, encontrados em locais como ar, solo e plantas. Suas estruturas reprodutivas ao caírem em um substrato adequado desenvolvem novos organismos vegetativos ou são capazes de reproduzirem-se.Têm grande importância, tanto econômica quanto ecológica, já que além de serem utilizados em diversas áreas da saúde, nutrição, agricultura e biotecnologia, são capazes de degradar restos orgânicos. Além disso, eles podem provocar doenças no ser humano, em animais e plantas(Molinaro et al., 2009).

Esporotricose e implicações à saúde pública com vistas à ocorrência da doença no município de Belo Horizonte

Os fungos são organismos que convivem no mesmo ambiente do ser humano, encontrados em locais como ar, solo e plantas. Suas estruturas reprodutivas ao caírem em um substrato adequado desenvolvem novos organismos vegetativos ou são capazes de reproduzirem-se.Têm grande importância, tanto econômica quanto ecológica, já que além de serem utilizados em diversas áreas da saúde, nutrição, agricultura e biotecnologia, são capazes de degradar restos orgânicos. Além disso, eles podem provocar doenças no ser humano, em animais e plantas(Molinaro et al., 2009).

Uso de anfotericina B por via intralesional associada ao itraconazol oral para tratamento de recidiva de esporotricose nasal em um gato - relato de caso / Intralesional use of amphotericin B associated with oral itraconazole for the treatment of recurrent nasal sporotrichosis in a cat - case report / Anfotericina B intralesional e itraconazole oral en el tratamiento de un cuadro recidivante de esporotricosis nasal en un gato - relato de caso

A esporotricose nasal é uma afecção de difícil resolução clínica, muitas vezes refratária ao tratamento e possivelmente recidivante em gatos. Neste caso, a anfotericina B foi utilizada por via intralesional em associação ao itraconazol (100 mg/gato/via oral a cada 24 horas) em felino com recidiva de esporotricose nasal. Durante o tratamento foram realizados exames laboratoriais para garantir a segurança do protocolo utilizado. O novo biomarcador para função renal SDMA IDEXXTM foi empregado antes e após o término do protocolo para monitorar a função renal. Os efeitos adversos encontrados foram edema e desconforto no local de aplicação. O tempo total de tratamento foi de três meses e não se observou efeito tóxico renal. Dessa maneira o protocolo utilizado mostrou-se eficaz e seguro no tratamento da esporotricose nasal.

Nasal sporotrichosis is a condition of difficult clinical resolution, which is commonly refractory to treatment and recurrent in cats. In this report, amphotericin B was used intralesionaliy in combination with oral itraconazole (100 mg/per catloral each 24 h) in order to treat a cat with relapse of nasal sporotrichosis. During the treatment, laboratory tests were performed to ensure the safety of the protocol used. The new biomarker for renal function SDMA IDEXX was used before and after the end of the protocol to monitor renal function. Adverse effects were edema and local discomfort. Total treatment duration was 3 months, and no renal toxic effect was observed. This protocol therefore proved to be effective and safe to treat nasal sporotrichosis.

La esporotricosis nasal es una afección de difícil manejo clínico que en muchas ocasiones resulta refractaria a los tratamientos y con importantes tasas de recidiva en gatos. En el presente caso, la anfotericina B se utilizó por vía intralesional en asociación con itraconazole (100 mg/gato/PO/24hs) en un gato con recidiva de esporotricosis nasal. Durante el tratamiento se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio a fin de garantizar la seguridad del protocolo utilizado. Se utilizó un nuevo biomarcador para función renal (SDMA IDEXXTM) antes y después del protocolo terapéutico. Los efectos adversos encontrados fueron edema y molestias en el lugar de aplicación. EI tiempo total de tratamiento fue de tres meses, sin que se hayan observado efectos tóxicos a nivel renal. Así, el protocolo usado se mostró eficiente y seguro para el tratamiento de la esporotricosis nasal.

Uso de anfotericina B por via intralesional associada ao itraconazol oral para tratamento de recidiva de esporotricose nasal em um gato - relato de caso / Intralesional use of amphotericin B associated with oral itraconazole for the treatment of recurrent nasal sporotrichosis in a cat - case report / Anfotericina B intralesional e itraconazole oral en el tratamiento de un cuadro recidivante de esporotricosis nasal en un gato - relato de caso

A esporotricose nasal é uma afecção de difícil resolução clínica, muitas vezes refratária ao tratamento e possivelmente recidivante em gatos. Neste caso, a anfotericina B foi utilizada por via intralesional em associação ao itraconazol (100 mg/gato/via oral a cada 24 horas) em felino com recidiva de esporotricose nasal. Durante o tratamento foram realizados exames laboratoriais para garantir a segurança do protocolo utilizado. O novo biomarcador para função renal SDMA IDEXXTM foi empregado antes e após o término do protocolo para monitorar a função renal. Os efeitos adversos encontrados foram edema e desconforto no local de aplicação. O tempo total de tratamento foi de três meses e não se observou efeito tóxico renal. Dessa maneira o protocolo utilizado mostrou-se eficaz e seguro no tratamento da esporotricose nasal.(AU)

Nasal sporotrichosis is a condition of difficult clinical resolution, which is commonly refractory to treatment and recurrent in cats. In this report, amphotericin B was used intralesionaliy in combination with oral itraconazole (100 mg/per catloral each 24 h) in order to treat a cat with relapse of nasal sporotrichosis. During the treatment, laboratory tests were performed to ensure the safety of the protocol used. The new biomarker for renal function SDMA IDEXX was used before and after the end of the protocol to monitor renal function. Adverse effects were edema and local discomfort. Total treatment duration was 3 months, and no renal toxic effect was observed. This protocol therefore proved to be effective and safe to treat nasal sporotrichosis.(AU)

La esporotricosis nasal es una afección de difícil manejo clínico que en muchas ocasiones resulta refractaria a los tratamientos y con importantes tasas de recidiva en gatos. En el presente caso, la anfotericina B se utilizó por vía intralesional en asociación con itraconazole (100 mg/gato/PO/24hs) en un gato con recidiva de esporotricosis nasal. Durante el tratamiento se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio a fin de garantizar la seguridad del protocolo utilizado. Se utilizó un nuevo biomarcador para función renal (SDMA IDEXXTM) antes y después del protocolo terapéutico. Los efectos adversos encontrados fueron edema y molestias en el lugar de aplicación. EI tiempo total de tratamiento fue de tres meses, sin que se hayan observado efectos tóxicos a nivel renal. Así, el protocolo usado se mostró eficiente y seguro para el tratamiento de la esporotricosis nasal.(AU)

Esporotricose felina: revisão bibliográfica / Feline sporotrichosis: bibliographic review / Esporotricosis felina: revisións bibliográfica

A esporotricose é uma enfermidade zoonótica causada pelo fungo Sporothrix schenckii, e que pode acometer outras espécies domésticas além dos humanos, particularmente os felinos, nos quais a enfermidade pode se manifestar na forma cutânea localizada, linfática ou disseminada, sendo os gatos os maiores envolvidos na transmissão aos humanos por meio da arranhadura, mordedura ou contato com animais doentes. O diagnóstico da doença pode ser realizado por exame citológico,histopatológico ou por cultivo fúngico a partir, na maioria dos casos, de lesões dermatológicas. Uma grande variedade de fármacos antifúngicos vem sendo empregada no tratamento da esporotricose animal e humana, sendo que comumente se utilizam, para tal, drogas halogenadas e/ou derivados imidazólicos e triazólicos. Assim, tendo em vista a importância do gato no que tange o caráter zoonótico da enfermidade, é que foi realizada a presente revisão bibliográfica.(AU)

Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, which can affect other domestic species than humans, particularly felines, in which the disease can manifest in the localized, lymphatic or disseminated cutaneous form, with the largest cats involved in the transmission to humans through scratching, biting or contact with sick animals. The diagnosis of the disease can be made by cytological or histopathological exam or fungal culture, based, in most cases,on dermatological lesions. A wide variety of antifungal drugs have been used in the treatment of animal and human sporotrichosis, being commonly used halogenated drugs and/or imidazole and triazole derivatives. Thus, considering the importance of the cat in relation to the zoonotic nature of the disease,the present bibliographic review was carried out.(AU)

La esporotricosis es una enfermedad zoonótica causada por el hongo Sporothrix schenckii,que puede afectar a otras especies domésticas además de los humanos, particularmente a los felinos,en los cuales la enfermedad puede manifestarse en la forma cutânea localizada, linfática o diseminada,siendo los gatos lós mayores responsables en la transmisión a los humanos por medio través de los arañazos, mordeduras o contacto con animales enfermos. El diagnóstico de la enfermidad puede ser realizado por medio de um exame mediante un examen citológico, histopatológico o por cultivo fungico a partir, em la mayoría de lós casos, de lesiones dermatologicas. Una gran variedad de fármacos antifúngicos vienen siendo empleados en el tratamiento de La esporotricosis animal y humana, siendo que comúnmente se utilizan para tal drogas fármacos halogenadas y/o derivados de imidazólicos y triazólicos. Así, teniendo en cuenta la importancia del gato en ló que atañe El carácter zoonótico de La enfermedad, es que fue realizada la presente revisión bibliográfica.(AU)

Esporotricose felina: revisão bibliográfica / Feline sporotrichosis: bibliographic review / Esporotricosis felina: revisións bibliográfica

A esporotricose é uma enfermidade zoonótica causada pelo fungo Sporothrix schenckii, e que pode acometer outras espécies domésticas além dos humanos, particularmente os felinos, nos quais a enfermidade pode se manifestar na forma cutânea localizada, linfática ou disseminada, sendo os gatos os maiores envolvidos na transmissão aos humanos por meio da arranhadura, mordedura ou contato com animais doentes. O diagnóstico da doença pode ser realizado por exame citológico,histopatológico ou por cultivo fúngico a partir, na maioria dos casos, de lesões dermatológicas. Uma grande variedade de fármacos antifúngicos vem sendo empregada no tratamento da esporotricose animal e humana, sendo que comumente se utilizam, para tal, drogas halogenadas e/ou derivados imidazólicos e triazólicos. Assim, tendo em vista a importância do gato no que tange o caráter zoonótico da enfermidade, é que foi realizada a presente revisão bibliográfica.

Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, which can affect other domestic species than humans, particularly felines, in which the disease can manifest in the localized, lymphatic or disseminated cutaneous form, with the largest cats involved in the transmission to humans through scratching, biting or contact with sick animals. The diagnosis of the disease can be made by cytological or histopathological exam or fungal culture, based, in most cases,on dermatological lesions. A wide variety of antifungal drugs have been used in the treatment of animal and human sporotrichosis, being commonly used halogenated drugs and/or imidazole and triazole derivatives. Thus, considering the importance of the cat in relation to the zoonotic nature of the disease,the present bibliographic review was carried out.

La esporotricosis es una enfermedad zoonótica causada por el hongo Sporothrix schenckii,que puede afectar a otras especies domésticas además de los humanos, particularmente a los felinos,en los cuales la enfermedad puede manifestarse en la forma cutânea localizada, linfática o diseminada,siendo los gatos lós mayores responsables en la transmisión a los humanos por medio través de los arañazos, mordeduras o contacto con animales enfermos. El diagnóstico de la enfermidad puede ser realizado por medio de um exame mediante un examen citológico, histopatológico o por cultivo fungico a partir, em la mayoría de lós casos, de lesiones dermatologicas. Una gran variedad de fármacos antifúngicos vienen siendo empleados en el tratamiento de La esporotricosis animal y humana, siendo que comúnmente se utilizan para tal drogas fármacos halogenadas y/o derivados de imidazólicos y triazólicos. Así, teniendo en cuenta la importancia del gato en ló que atañe El carácter zoonótico de La enfermedad, es que fue realizada la presente revisión bibliográfica.