Resumo
Histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum are two protozoans responsible for mortality associated with typhlohepatitis in poultry. In this study, the etiology of high mortality in Chukar partridges suspected of infection with these agents was investigated pathologically and molecularly. Twelve healthy partridges during the laying period and 30 partridges that died due to disease and were included in the study. In blood analysis, increased levels of WBC, NEU, LYM, MONO, EO and BASO suggesting bacterial and/or parasitic infection; decreased levels of HGB, MCH and MCHC, which are markers of anemia; and increased AST and LDH levels, which are important for liver degenerations. In the liver, which is one of the most pathologically affected organs, multifocal necrosis foci that sometimes merge with each other and spread to large areas, and severe fibrino-necrotic typhlitis were detected. There was amyloid deposition in the space of Disse and vascular sinuses in the liver. PAS positive protozoal agents were observed in and around the lesioned areas. By PCR analyzes using specific primers, 11 of the samples were positive for H. meleagridis only, whereas 5 were positive for T. gallinarum only; 14 samples tested positive for both agents. Sequence analysis showed 100% identity between all samples resulting in positive PCR. In addition, Escherichia coli was produced in microbiological culture (27 of 30). When all the results were evaluated together, it was concluded that H. meleagridis and T. gallinarum and secondary E. coli may cause high mortality in partridges under lay stress.
Histomonas meleagridis e Tetratrichomonas gallinarum são dois protozoários responsáveis pela mortalidade associada à tiflohepatite em aves. Neste estudo, a etiologia da alta mortalidade em perdizes Chukar com suspeita de infecção por esses agentes foi investigada patologicamente e molecularmente. Foram incluídas no estudo 30 perdizes que morreram devido à doença e 12 perdizes saudáveis durante o período de postura. Na análise sanguínea, níveis aumentados de WBC, NEU, LYM, MONO, EO e BASO sugerindo infecção bacteriana e/ou parasitária; diminuição dos níveis de HGB, MCH e MCHC, que são marcadores de anemia; e aumento dos níveis de AST e LDH, que são importantes para as degenerações hepáticas. No fígado, que é um dos órgãos patologicamente mais acometidos, foram detectados focos de necrose multifocais que às vezes se fundem e se espalham para grandes áreas, e tiflite fibrino-necrótica grave no ceco. Houve deposição de amiloide no espaço de Disse e seios vasculares no fígado. Agentes protozoários PAS positivos foram observados dentro e ao redor das áreas lesionadas. Pelas análises de PCR com primers específicos, 11 das amostras foram positivas apenas para H. meleagridis, enquanto 5 foram positivas apenas para T. gallinarum; 14 amostras testaram positivo para ambos os agentes. A análise de sequência mostrou 100% de identidade entre todas as amostras resultando em PCR positivo. Além disso, Escherichia coli foi produzida em cultura microbiológica. Quando todos os resultados foram avaliados em conjunto, concluiu-se que H. meleagridis e T. gallinarum e E. coli secundária podem causar alta mortalidade em perdizes sob estresse de postura.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais , Galliformes/parasitologia , Galliformes/sangue , Tiflite/etiologia , Hepatite Animal/etiologia , Turquia , Escherichia coli , Tiflite/veterináriaResumo
Background: The ingestion of foreign bodies in parrots has already been described and associated with the curious behaviorof the birds or with stressful conditions. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are usually diagnosed through clinicalsigns, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings in the historical data. Foreign bodies are usually metallic and can lodgein any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly found in the proventricle and gizzard. This study investigated acase of necrotizing hepatitis due to a foreign body in Ara ararauna (Linnaeus, 1758).Case: An approximately 9-month-old specimen of caninde macaw, had sudden death and was referred for autopsy. Themacroscopic examination revealed a fibrous, thick, reddish membrane involving the left hepatic lobe and partially the gizzard in continuity with the peritoneum. Inside the capsule, the liver had a friable and necrotic appearance and the gizzardhad a focal perforation area containing a foreign body (gavage tube feeding). We performed the histopathological examination of the liver and gizzard and observed that the membrane surrounding the liver and partially the gizzard had a chronicinflammatory process with a marked proliferation of fibrous tissue and fibrin deposition. The hepatic parenchyma of theleft lobe showed diffuse and marked necrosis, with signs of ischemic necrosis. In the region of transmural perforation ofthe gizzard, the mucosa showed a focal area of extensive necrosis accompanied by the presence of intralesional bacteria.The lesions observed are attributed to the perforation of the organs by the foreign body. It is not known whether the birdingested the object accidently during food handling as a young or due to the curious behavior of the bird or even the stressit may have been exposed to. The post mortem examination revealed localized peritonitis...
Assuntos
Animais , Fígado/lesões , Fígado/patologia , Hepatite Animal , Peritonite/veterinária , Psittaciformes/lesões , Psittaciformes/microbiologia , Comportamento Animal , Necrose/veterináriaResumo
Background: The ingestion of foreign bodies in parrots has already been described and associated with the curious behaviorof the birds or with stressful conditions. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are usually diagnosed through clinicalsigns, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings in the historical data. Foreign bodies are usually metallic and can lodgein any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly found in the proventricle and gizzard. This study investigated acase of necrotizing hepatitis due to a foreign body in Ara ararauna (Linnaeus, 1758).Case: An approximately 9-month-old specimen of caninde macaw, had sudden death and was referred for autopsy. Themacroscopic examination revealed a fibrous, thick, reddish membrane involving the left hepatic lobe and partially the gizzard in continuity with the peritoneum. Inside the capsule, the liver had a friable and necrotic appearance and the gizzardhad a focal perforation area containing a foreign body (gavage tube feeding). We performed the histopathological examination of the liver and gizzard and observed that the membrane surrounding the liver and partially the gizzard had a chronicinflammatory process with a marked proliferation of fibrous tissue and fibrin deposition. The hepatic parenchyma of theleft lobe showed diffuse and marked necrosis, with signs of ischemic necrosis. In the region of transmural perforation ofthe gizzard, the mucosa showed a focal area of extensive necrosis accompanied by the presence of intralesional bacteria.The lesions observed are attributed to the perforation of the organs by the foreign body. It is not known whether the birdingested the object accidently during food handling as a young or due to the curious behavior of the bird or even the stressit may have been exposed to. The post mortem examination revealed localized peritonitis...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Psittaciformes/lesões , Psittaciformes/microbiologia , Fígado/lesões , Fígado/patologia , Peritonite/veterinária , Hepatite Animal , Necrose/veterinária , Comportamento AnimalResumo
Biliary calculi are rare in cattle and occur usually in the gallbladder, without clinical signs. In humans, cholelithiasis is a common cause of hepatic abscess due calculi microbiota. Here is described a case of cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis in a 10-year-old female mixed breed dairy cow. The animal died during physical examination with signs as cachexia, icterus, and fever. At necropsy, a large number of green calculi were observed in the gallbladder, common duct lumen and in markedly distended biliary ducts. The liver was firm and decreased in volume with multiple abscess and multiple red foci measuring 0.5 cm in diameter in the hepatic parenchyma. Microscopically in the liver, marked ductal proliferation and abscedative cholangiohepatitis with abundant fibrosis and multiple foci of hepatocytes necrosis. In conclusion, choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis may occur in cattle and cause significant clinical signs and pathological alterations.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Cálculos Biliares/veterinária , Colelitíase , Coledocolitíase , Cirrose Hepática/classificação , Cirrose Hepática/veterinária , Hepatite AnimalResumo
Biliary calculi are rare in cattle and occur usually in the gallbladder, without clinical signs. In humans, cholelithiasis is a common cause of hepatic abscess due calculi microbiota. Here is described a case of cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis in a 10-year-old female mixed breed dairy cow. The animal died during physical examination with signs as cachexia, icterus, and fever. At necropsy, a large number of green calculi were observed in the gallbladder, common duct lumen and in markedly distended biliary ducts. The liver was firm and decreased in volume with multiple abscess and multiple red foci measuring 0.5 cm in diameter in the hepatic parenchyma. Microscopically in the liver, marked ductal proliferation and abscedative cholangiohepatitis with abundant fibrosis and multiple foci of hepatocytes necrosis. In conclusion, choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis may occur in cattle and cause significant clinical signs and pathological alterations.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Cirrose Hepática/classificação , Cirrose Hepática/veterinária , Coledocolitíase , Colelitíase , Cálculos Biliares/veterinária , Hepatite AnimalResumo
Background: Histomoniasis is a disease caused by Histomonas meleagridis, a flagellated protozoan that can cause severenecrotizing hepatitis and typhlitis in several bird species. The disease has a cosmopolitan distribution. In experimentalinfection, peacocks (Pavo spp.) showed susceptibility to histomoniasis, however there are few reports on natural histomoniasis in this species. In northeastern Brazil, reports about its occurrence in avian species are scarce and nonexistent inpeacocks. Therefore, this report aims to describe the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of a histomoniasiscase in a peacock (Pavo cristatus) in the Brazilian semiarid region.Case: A 3-month-old male peacock with a history of apathy and anorexia was attended in the Veterinary Hospital of theUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The animal was raised extensively in a farmwithout basic sanitary measures, also with a history of living with animals of different species. After clinical examination, inwhich intense apathy and weight loss were confirmed, the bird was submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, howeverthere was no clinical improvement and the bird died. At necropsy, intense diffuse bilateral necrotizing typhlitis and multifocalto coalescent necrotizing hepatitis were observed. Fragments of the organs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalinfor histopathological analysis and cecal content were collected for microbiological analysis. Histopathology of the cecumrevealed transmural necrotizing typhlitis associated with myriads of trophozoites morphologically compatible with Histomonasmeleagridis. The same microorganisms were observed in association with necrotizing hepatitis lesions, which allowed thediagnosis of histomoniasis. Also, the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans was isolated from the cecal content...
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Infecções por Protozoários , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Hepatite Animal , Pantoea/isolamento & purificação , Tiflite/veterináriaResumo
Background: Histomoniasis is a disease caused by Histomonas meleagridis, a flagellated protozoan that can cause severenecrotizing hepatitis and typhlitis in several bird species. The disease has a cosmopolitan distribution. In experimentalinfection, peacocks (Pavo spp.) showed susceptibility to histomoniasis, however there are few reports on natural histomoniasis in this species. In northeastern Brazil, reports about its occurrence in avian species are scarce and nonexistent inpeacocks. Therefore, this report aims to describe the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of a histomoniasiscase in a peacock (Pavo cristatus) in the Brazilian semiarid region.Case: A 3-month-old male peacock with a history of apathy and anorexia was attended in the Veterinary Hospital of theUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The animal was raised extensively in a farmwithout basic sanitary measures, also with a history of living with animals of different species. After clinical examination, inwhich intense apathy and weight loss were confirmed, the bird was submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, howeverthere was no clinical improvement and the bird died. At necropsy, intense diffuse bilateral necrotizing typhlitis and multifocalto coalescent necrotizing hepatitis were observed. Fragments of the organs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalinfor histopathological analysis and cecal content were collected for microbiological analysis. Histopathology of the cecumrevealed transmural necrotizing typhlitis associated with myriads of trophozoites morphologically compatible with Histomonasmeleagridis. The same microorganisms were observed in association with necrotizing hepatitis lesions, which allowed thediagnosis of histomoniasis. Also, the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans was isolated from the cecal content...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Infecções por Protozoários , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas/veterinária , Pantoea/isolamento & purificação , Tiflite/veterinária , Hepatite AnimalResumo
Bidens pilosa L. is a medicinal plant popularly used for treatment of liver diseases. In this study, the dry extract of aerial parts of Bidens pilosa and Silymarin, a phytocomplex obtained from the Silybum marianum fruits and marketed as hepatoprotective, were tested in dogs experimentally acutely intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. The liver activity was evaluated by hematological and biochemical profiles, and histological and ultrasound analyzes. It was observed that the lowest serum activities of ALT and serum concentrations of total bilirubin occurred in the groups treated with the dry extract of Bidens pilosa, while only decreased serum concentrations of total bilirubin occurred in the group treated with Silymarin. Best liver recovery was also observed for the dry extract of B. pilosa at a 400mg/Kg dose by ultrasonography. This study showed that the dry extract of Bidens pilosa acted more efficiently in the treatment of acute toxic hepatitis induced in dogs than Silymarin.(AU)
Bidens pilosa L. é uma planta medicinal utilizada popularmente para tratamento de doenças hepáticas. Neste trabalho, o extrato seco das partes aéreas da Bidens pilosa e a silimarina, um fitocomplexo obtido dos frutos da Silybum marianum e comercializado como hepatoprotetor, foram testados em cães intoxicados experimentalmente de forma aguda com tetracloreto de carbono. A atividade hepática foi avaliada por meio dos perfis hematológico e bioquímico, análises histológica e ultrassonográfica. Observou-se que, nos grupos tratados com o extrato seco da Bidens pilosa, ocorreram as menores atividades séricas da ALT e de concentrações séricas de bilirrubina total, enquanto no grupo tratado com silimarina, ocorreu apenas diminuição de concentrações séricas de bilirrubina total. Melhor recuperação hepática também foi verificada para o extrato seco de B. pilosa na dose de 400mg/kg por ultrassonografia. Este estudo evidenciou que o extrato seco da Bidens pilosa atuou de forma mais eficiente no tratamento da hepatite aguda tóxica induzida em cães do que a silimarina.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/terapia , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/veterinária , Bidens/química , Hepatite Animal/terapia , Plantas Medicinais , Silimarina/uso terapêuticoResumo
Bidens pilosa L. is a medicinal plant popularly used for treatment of liver diseases. In this study, the dry extract of aerial parts of Bidens pilosa and Silymarin, a phytocomplex obtained from the Silybum marianum fruits and marketed as hepatoprotective, were tested in dogs experimentally acutely intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. The liver activity was evaluated by hematological and biochemical profiles, and histological and ultrasound analyzes. It was observed that the lowest serum activities of ALT and serum concentrations of total bilirubin occurred in the groups treated with the dry extract of Bidens pilosa, while only decreased serum concentrations of total bilirubin occurred in the group treated with Silymarin. Best liver recovery was also observed for the dry extract of B. pilosa at a 400mg/Kg dose by ultrasonography. This study showed that the dry extract of Bidens pilosa acted more efficiently in the treatment of acute toxic hepatitis induced in dogs than Silymarin.(AU)
Bidens pilosa L. é uma planta medicinal utilizada popularmente para tratamento de doenças hepáticas. Neste trabalho, o extrato seco das partes aéreas da Bidens pilosa e a silimarina, um fitocomplexo obtido dos frutos da Silybum marianum e comercializado como hepatoprotetor, foram testados em cães intoxicados experimentalmente de forma aguda com tetracloreto de carbono. A atividade hepática foi avaliada por meio dos perfis hematológico e bioquímico, análises histológica e ultrassonográfica. Observou-se que, nos grupos tratados com o extrato seco da Bidens pilosa, ocorreram as menores atividades séricas da ALT e de concentrações séricas de bilirrubina total, enquanto no grupo tratado com silimarina, ocorreu apenas diminuição de concentrações séricas de bilirrubina total. Melhor recuperação hepática também foi verificada para o extrato seco de B. pilosa na dose de 400mg/kg por ultrassonografia. Este estudo evidenciou que o extrato seco da Bidens pilosa atuou de forma mais eficiente no tratamento da hepatite aguda tóxica induzida em cães do que a silimarina.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/terapia , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/veterinária , Bidens/química , Hepatite Animal/terapia , Plantas Medicinais , Silimarina/uso terapêuticoResumo
A hepatite lobular dissecante é uma desordem inflamatória de causa idiopática, caracterizada como uma hepatite crônica. Desenvolve-se no fígado jovem após lesões recorrentes ao órgão, possui prognóstico desfavorável, com a menor sobrevida dentro das hepatopatias. Foi encaminhado ao Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) um canino macho, da raça Golden Retriever, de sete meses, com apatia, inapetência, abaulamento do abdômen e mucosas ictéricas. O exame clínico e exames complementares apontaram uma desordem hepática. Três dias após internação o paciente veio a óbito e foi encaminhado para a realização de necropsia, no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) da UFPel, onde foi diagnosticado com hepatite lobular dissecante. Tendo como provável fator desencadeante a administração de dipropionato de imidocarb, utilizado para tratamento de um quadro anterior de babesiose.
Lobular hepatitis dissecans is an inflammatory disorder of idiopathic cause, characterized as chronic hepatitis. It develops in the young liver after recurrent lesions to the organ, has an unfavorable prognosis, with the shortest survival within liver diseases. A seven-month Golden Retriever male canine with apathy, inappetence, abdomen bulging and icteric mucosa was referred to the Veterinary Clinical Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Clinical examination and laboratory test indicated hepatic disorder. Three days after admission, the patient died and was referred for necropsy at the UFPel Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD). The diagnosis was lobular hepatitis probably due to the use of dipropionate of imidocarb for primary treatment of babesiosis, which is also used for parasitic diseases in cattle and horses, has been suggested as the cause of the disease.
Assuntos
Animais , Adulto Jovem , Cães , Antígenos de Protozoários/efeitos adversos , Babesiose/complicações , Hepatite Animal/complicações , Fígado/patologiaResumo
A hepatite lobular dissecante é uma desordem inflamatória de causa idiopática, caracterizada como uma hepatite crônica. Desenvolve-se no fígado jovem após lesões recorrentes ao órgão, possui prognóstico desfavorável, com a menor sobrevida dentro das hepatopatias. Foi encaminhado ao Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) um canino macho, da raça Golden Retriever, de sete meses, com apatia, inapetência, abaulamento do abdômen e mucosas ictéricas. O exame clínico e exames complementares apontaram uma desordem hepática. Três dias após internação o paciente veio a óbito e foi encaminhado para a realização de necropsia, no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) da UFPel, onde foi diagnosticado com hepatite lobular dissecante. Tendo como provável fator desencadeante a administração de dipropionato de imidocarb, utilizado para tratamento de um quadro anterior de babesiose.(AU)
Lobular hepatitis dissecans is an inflammatory disorder of idiopathic cause, characterized as chronic hepatitis. It develops in the young liver after recurrent lesions to the organ, has an unfavorable prognosis, with the shortest survival within liver diseases. A seven-month Golden Retriever male canine with apathy, inappetence, abdomen bulging and icteric mucosa was referred to the Veterinary Clinical Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Clinical examination and laboratory test indicated hepatic disorder. Three days after admission, the patient died and was referred for necropsy at the UFPel Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD). The diagnosis was lobular hepatitis probably due to the use of dipropionate of imidocarb for primary treatment of babesiosis, which is also used for parasitic diseases in cattle and horses, has been suggested as the cause of the disease.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Adulto Jovem , Cães , Hepatite Animal/complicações , Babesiose/complicações , Antígenos de Protozoários/efeitos adversos , Fígado/patologiaResumo
Background: Lobular dissecting hepatitis (LDH) is a rare condition of unknown etiology occurring in individuals or in litters of young dogs from some breeds, having poor prognosis and short survival time. Clinically, ascites, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea and acquired portosystemic shunts are present. Hepatic encephalopathy may also occur. Biochemical blood tests usually show elevated ALT levels. Macroscopically, the liver shows changes in volume, color and regeneration nodules. Histologically, dissection of the parenchyma by connective tissue proliferation leads to disorganization of the liver architecture. The aim of this article is report LDH in two Golden Retriever dogs genetically unrelated.Cases: Two dogs genetically unrelated and of different owners - Golden Retriever breed - were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA). The first case was a female with 17 months of age and the second, brought to examination one year later, was a male with nine months of age. The clinical signs, in both animals were similar, consisting in intense prostration, inapetence, caquexia and ascites for approximately two weeks. The female dog presented also ataxia, convulsion and diarrhea. Blood examination showed, for both dogs, arregenerative anemia, normal levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase. Total serum protein and albumin were also reduced. Both dogs were euthanized due to their critical condition. The necropsy showed similar lesions in both animals: approximately one liter of a free red colored fluid was observed in the abdominal cavity and hepatic changes consisting in pale green color, smooth surface, firm consistence, yellowish nodules at the surface and tissue proliferation at the margins. There was also congestion of the abdominal visceral veins (portal shunts)...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Alanina Transaminase/análise , Hepatite Animal/classificação , Hepatite Crônica/veterinária , Cirrose Hepática/veterináriaResumo
Background: Lobular dissecting hepatitis (LDH) is a rare condition of unknown etiology occurring in individuals or in litters of young dogs from some breeds, having poor prognosis and short survival time. Clinically, ascites, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea and acquired portosystemic shunts are present. Hepatic encephalopathy may also occur. Biochemical blood tests usually show elevated ALT levels. Macroscopically, the liver shows changes in volume, color and regeneration nodules. Histologically, dissection of the parenchyma by connective tissue proliferation leads to disorganization of the liver architecture. The aim of this article is report LDH in two Golden Retriever dogs genetically unrelated.Cases: Two dogs genetically unrelated and of different owners - Golden Retriever breed - were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA). The first case was a female with 17 months of age and the second, brought to examination one year later, was a male with nine months of age. The clinical signs, in both animals were similar, consisting in intense prostration, inapetence, caquexia and ascites for approximately two weeks. The female dog presented also ataxia, convulsion and diarrhea. Blood examination showed, for both dogs, arregenerative anemia, normal levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase. Total serum protein and albumin were also reduced. Both dogs were euthanized due to their critical condition. The necropsy showed similar lesions in both animals: approximately one liter of a free red colored fluid was observed in the abdominal cavity and hepatic changes consisting in pale green color, smooth surface, firm consistence, yellowish nodules at the surface and tissue proliferation at the margins. There was also congestion of the abdominal visceral veins (portal shunts)...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Hepatite Animal/classificação , Hepatite Crônica/veterinária , Alanina Transaminase/análise , Cirrose Hepática/veterináriaResumo
Background: Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic mycotoxins derived from the secondary metabolism of toxigenic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus, especially A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 is the most important metabolite, because of its deleterious effect mainly to the liver, especially for its carcinogenic, mutagenic and haemorrhagic properties, and usually is detected in higher concentrations in contaminated substrates. This paper reports the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and toxicological aspects of an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in pigs raised in Northeastern Brazil. Case: The cases occurred in a complete cycle farm, in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, in pigs ingesting low quality (moldy) corn being produced and processed on the farm. Sixty (73.1%) out of 82 two to five-months old pigs were clinicaly affected and 54 (65.8%) died. All animals showed fever, weight loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, muscle tremors, muscle weakness and diarrhea. The clinical course ranged from five to 48 hours. Adult pigs were not affected. At necropsies, generalized jaundice, ascites, hydropericardium, petechial hemorrhages in the mesentery, subcutaneous edema and mesocolon were observed. The liver was yellow-orange with reddish diffuse multifocal areas, enlarged and extremely friable. Histologically there was swelling of hepatocytes [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Aflatoxina B1/análise , Aflatoxinas/análise , Aspergillus , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Suínos/microbiologia , Micotoxinas/análise , Ração Animal/toxicidade , Zea mays/toxicidadeResumo
Background: Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic mycotoxins derived from the secondary metabolism of toxigenic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus, especially A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 is the most important metabolite, because of its deleterious effect mainly to the liver, especially for its carcinogenic, mutagenic and haemorrhagic properties, and usually is detected in higher concentrations in contaminated substrates. This paper reports the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and toxicological aspects of an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in pigs raised in Northeastern Brazil. Case: The cases occurred in a complete cycle farm, in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, in pigs ingesting low quality (moldy) corn being produced and processed on the farm. Sixty (73.1%) out of 82 two to five-months old pigs were clinicaly affected and 54 (65.8%) died. All animals showed fever, weight loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, muscle tremors, muscle weakness and diarrhea. The clinical course ranged from five to 48 hours. Adult pigs were not affected. At necropsies, generalized jaundice, ascites, hydropericardium, petechial hemorrhages in the mesentery, subcutaneous edema and mesocolon were observed. The liver was yellow-orange with reddish diffuse multifocal areas, enlarged and extremely friable. Histologically there was swelling of hepatocytes [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/microbiologia , Aflatoxinas/análise , Aspergillus , Aflatoxina B1/análise , Hepatite Animal/diagnóstico , Zea mays/toxicidade , Micotoxinas/análise , Ração Animal/toxicidadeResumo
Descreve-se um surto de histomoníase em frangos caipiras (Gallus gallus domesticus) na região semiárida da Paraíba. A doença ocorreu em pintos de aproximadamente 48 dias de idade durante um período de 15 dias. De um total de 16 pintos, sete apresentaram fezes amareladas liquefeitas, anorexia, letargia e morreram com 3 a 5 dias de evolução clínica. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 43,7%. Os pintos eram criados soltos em quintal de chão batido com outras 12 aves adultas que não adoeceram. Não eram vacinados e nem vermifugados. Na necropsia de uma ave as lesões eram restritas ao ceco e ao fígado. O ceco esquerdo estava distendido e na serosa havia áreas amareladas e discretamente elevadas. No fígado havia áreas avermelhadas e deprimidas centralmente, circundadas por halo pálido, distribuídas na superfície capsular e ao corte por todo o parênquima. Microscopicamente verificou-se tiflite e hepatite piogranulomatosa necrosante associada a miríades de Histomonas intralesionais. O tratamento das aves com metronidazol e albendazol foi eficaz no controle da histomoníase. Apesar de ser uma doença rara em frangos caipiras, ela pode ocorrer causando elevada taxa de mortalidade e perdas econômicas significativas.(AU)
We describe an outbreak of histomoniasis in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Juvenile chickens aged approximately 48 days showed disease over a 15-day period. Seven of 16 chickens showed yellow, watery stool, anorexia, lethargy, and death within 3-5 days of clinical illness. The mortality rate was 43.7%. The chickens were raised in a backyard with 12 adult birds that remained healthy. None of the chickens were vaccinated or dewormed. A necropsy on one deceased bird showed lesions confined to the cecum and liver. The left cecum was distended and had yellow, slightly elevated areas on the serosa. The liver was reddened with centrally depressed areas surrounded by a pale halo, which were distributed throughout the capsular surface and extended deep throughout the parenchyma. Microscopically, typhlitis and pyogranulomatous necrotizing hepatitis associated with numerous intralesional Histomonas trophozoites was observed. The birds were administered metronidazole and albendazole, which effectively controlled the histomoniasis. Although histomoniasis is rare in free-range poultry, it can occur and cause high mortality and significant economic losses.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/parasitologia , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais , Hepatite Animal , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/veterináriaResumo
PURPOSE:To investigate the copaiba oil on the hepatic damage induced by acetaminophen, comparing against corn oil.METHODS:Fifty four rats were distributed into nine study groups (N=6): control group, that didn't receive the acetaminophen; Acetaminophen Group, that only received the acetaminophen; Prophylactic Copaiba Group 1, that received copaiba oil two hours before the acetaminophen; Prophylactic Copaiba Group 7, that received copaiba oil seven days, once by day, before the acetaminophen; Therapy Copaiba Group, that received the copaiba oil two hours after the acetaminophen, the corn's groups were similar than copaiba oil groups; and N-Acetyl-Cysteine Group, that received the N-Acetyl-Cysteine two hours after the acetaminophen. Euthanasia was performed after 24 hours. The serum levels transaminases, bilirubin and canalicular enzymes were analyzed.RESULTS:The prophylactic copaiba group 7, therapy copaiba group and N-Acetyl-Cysteine Group showed amounts of AST and ALT similar to the control group; and the prophylactic copaiba group 1 and corn's groups showed similar levels to the acetaminophen group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the amount of alkaline phosphatase and ɤ GT (p>0.05). The therapy copaiba group showed the highest levels of total bilirubin and was statistically different from the other groups (p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS:Copaiba oil administered prophylactically for seven days and therapeutically 2 hours after the acetaminophen acute intoxication offered a potential hepato protection against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage, normalizing the biochemical parameters similarly to N-Acetyl-Cysteine, and the treatment with corn oil shows no effect on the liver damage.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Hepatite Animal/induzido quimicamente , Acetaminofen , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Fígado/patologiaResumo
A histomoníase ou cabeça negra, causada pelo Histomonas meleagridis, ocasiona um quadro de enterohepatite nas aves acometidas. Das aves em geral, os perus (Meleagridis gallopavo) de todas as idades são os mais suscetíveis, porém, a mortalidade é mais elevada naqueles com aproximadamente 12 semanas de vida. A transmissão ocorre pela ingestão do nematoide Heterakis gallinarum ou seus ovos embrionados. O contato com fezes contaminadas pelo H. meleagridis e ingestão de minhocas contaminadas com o nematoide também são fontes de transmissão da enfermidade. O presente relato teve como objetivo apresentar um caso de histomoníase em um peru jovem atendido no laboratório de Ornitopatologia do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FMVZ - UNESP), campus Botucatu - SP. Brasil.
The histomoniasis or blackhead caused by Histomonas meleagridis, can produce an enterohepatite in birds. In general, the turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are more susceptible; however, birds on twelve weeks have higher mortality rates. Transmission occurs by ingestion of nematode Heterakis gallinarum or their embryonated eggs Contact with contaminated feces by H. meleagridis and ingestion of worms contaminated with nematode are also sources of transmission of the disease. The aim of the work was to report the occurrence of histomoniasis in a young turkey attended at the ornitopathology laboratory at school veterinary hospital - Paulista State University (FMVZ - UNESP) Sao Paulo, Botucatu campus. Brazil.
La histomoniasis o cabeza negra, causada por la Histomonas meleagridis, ocasiona un cuadro de enterohepatitis en las aves que afecta. De las aves en general, los pavos (Meleagridis gallopavo) de todas las edades son los más suceptíbles, sin embargo, la mortalidad es más elevada en aquellos con aproximadamente 12 semanas de vida. La transmisión se produce por la ingestión de nematodeos Heterakis gallinarum o sus huevos embrionados. Póngase en contacto con heces contaminadas de H. meleagridis y la ingestión con gusanos nematodeos contaminados también son fuentes de transmisión de la enfermedad. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo relatar un caso de histomoniasis en un pavo joven atendido en el laboratorio de Ornitopatología del Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Estadual Paulista (FMVZ-UNESP), campus de Botucatu-SP. Brasil.
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais , Perus/parasitologia , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Infecções por Nematoides/veterináriaResumo
Os aspectos anatomopatológicos da leptospirose foram estudados em 53 cães que tiveram diagnóstico definitivo confirmado por imuno-histoquímica do tecido renal. Na necropsia, as principais lesões observadas incluíram icterícia (79,2%) e hemorragia (75,5%), principalmente no pulmão (56,6%). Alterações macroscópicas hepáticas (56,6%) e renais (50,9%) foram frequentes e caracterizavam-se principalmente por descolorações (30,2% e 32,1% respectivamente), acentuação do padrão lobular hepático (26,4%) e estriações brancas na superfície de corte dos rins (22,6%). Lesões extrarrenais de uremia ocorreram na metade dos casos (50,9%). Hepatomegalia (11,3%), nefromegalia (9,4%) e irregularidade da superfície capsular dos rins (3,8%) foram menos comuns. Na histologia dos rins (n=53), as lesões encontradas (98,1%) foram quase que exclusivamente agudas ou subagudas (96,2%) e caracterizavam-se por graus variados de nefrose tubular (86,8%) e nefrite intersticial não supurativa (60,4%), com evidente dissociação degenerativo-inflamatória. Na histologia do fígado (n=42), as lesões encontradas (97,6%) eram constituídas principalmente por dissociação dos cordões de hepatócitos (78,6%), colestase intra-canalicular (33,3%) e necrose hepática (31%). Lesões reativas, como hipertrofia das células de Kupffer, leucocitostase sinusoidal e infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear nos espaços porta, foram vistas em muitos casos (42,8%). Na histologia do pulmão (n=28), hemorragia (85,7%) e edema (57,1%) alveolares foram muito prevalentes. Neutrófilos e macrófagos nos espaços alveolares (35,7%) e neutrófilos no interior de pequenos vasos pulmonares (17,9%) também foram achados frequentes. Os resultados aqui demonstrados devem servir de alerta aos patologistas veterinários brasileiros, pois a apresentação anatomopatológica da leptospirose canina em nossa região (Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) não se modificou nos últimos 50 anos, mantendo-se semelhante àquela descrita internacionalmente até a década de 1980, mas muito diferente do que é atualmente reconhecido para os Estados Unidos, o Canadá e parte da Europa Ocidental. Recomendamos que os critérios histopatológicos para o diagnóstico da leptospirose canina devem incluir a presença concomitante de nefrite tubulointersticial aguda ou subaguda, hepatite reativa não específica e lesão alveolar difusa, incluindo hemorragia alveolar difusa com capilarite, em um cão que durante a necropsia demonstre icterícia, hemorragias e lesões extrarrenais de uremia na ausência de esplenomegalia.(AU)
The pathological aspects of canine leptospirosis were studied in 53 dogs with a conclusive diagnosis of the disease, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry on renal tissue. Main necropsy lesions included icterus (79.2%) and hemorrhage (75.5%), mainly in the lungs (56.6%). Gross hepatic (56.6%) and renal (50.9%) changes were frequently found and were characterized mainly by discoloration (respectively 30.2% and 32.1%), accentuation of hepatic lobular pattern (26.4%) and white streaks in the cut surface of kidneys (22.6%). Extrarenal lesions secondary to uremia occurred in half of the cases (50.9%). Enlarged livers (11.3%), and kidneys (9.4%), and rough renal capsular surfaces (3.8%) were less common findings. In the histopathology of the kidneys (n=53), the encountered lesions (98.1%) were almost exclusively acute or subacute (96.2%) and were characterized by varying degrees of tubular nephrosis (86.8%) and non-suppurative interstitial nephritis (60.4%), with evident degenerative-inflammatory dissociation. In the histopathology of the liver (n=42), the encountered lesions (97.6%) consisted mainly of hepatocellular dissociation (78.6%), intracanalicular cholestasis (33.3%) and hepatocellular necrosis (31%). Reactive lesions, such as Kupffer cell hypertrophy, sinusoidal leucocytostasis and inflammatory mononuclear infiltrate within portal triads were observed in several cases (42.8%). In the histopathology of the lung (n=28), alveolar hemorrhage (85.7%) and edema (57.1%) were rather frequent lesions. Neutrophils and macrophages in the alveolar spaces (35.7%) and neutrophils within small pulmonary vessels (17.9%) were also frequent findings. The findings stemming from the current study should serve as an alert for Brazilian veterinary pathologists, since the pathological presentations of canine leptospirosis in this region (Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) did not change in the last 50 years, and is still similar to that described worldwide up to the decade of 1980's, but rather different from that currently recognized in the United States, Canada and part of West Europe. We recommend that the histopathological criteria for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis should include the concomitant occurrence of acute or subacute tubulointerstitial nephritis, non specific reactive hepatitis and diffuse alveolar damage, including diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with capillaritis, in a dog which at necropsy had presented icterus, hemorrhage and extrarenal lesions of uremia without splenomegaly.(AU)
Assuntos
Masculino , Cães/microbiologia , Dissecação/veterinária , Rim/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Nefrite Intersticial/veterinária , Hepatite Animal/patologia , Alvéolos Pulmonares/lesões , Icterícia/veterináriaResumo
As hepatites crônicas constituem um grupo significativo de alterações em cães. O estudo destas formas de hepatite tem sido fundamental para estabelecer estratégias terapêuticas efetivas. Os autores discutem a etiologia de formas crônicas de hepatite em cães, abordando as características epidemiológicas e as alterações anatomopatológicas que as acompanham. São comparados vários aspectos existentes entre hepatites crônicas em pacientes humanos e caninos(AU)
Chronic hepatitis comprises a significative group of alterations in dogs. The study of this kind of hepatitis has been fundamental to support effective therapeutic strategies. The authors discuss some aspects of chronic hepatitis in dogs, including etiological, epidemiological and pathological characteristics. Several aspects among human and canine chronic hepatitis are compared(AU)