Histerocele inguinal gravídica em gata: relato de caso / Inguinal gravid hysterocele in feline: case report

A histerocele é uma condição rara na espécie felina, sendo caracterizada por protrusão do útero pelo anel inguinal. O diagnóstico diferencial inclui tumor mamário, linfadenopatia, hematoma, abscesso e granuloma. Assim, exames de imagem como a ultrassonografia abdominal apresentam importante papel no diagnóstico e prognóstico da doença. O tratamento dessa condição é cirúrgico e inclui a realização de herniorrafia e ovário-histerectomia, a fim de evitar recidivas e a transmissão hereditária. O presente trabalho relata um caso de uma gata adulta com aumento de volume inguinal. Ao exame ultrassonográfico foi identificada a presença de útero herniado, contendo três fetos viáveis. O tratamento consistiu em cesariana, ovário-histerectomia e herniorrafia pela via inguinal.(AU)

Hysterocele is a rare condition in the feline species, characterized by a protrusion of the uterus through the inguinal ring. Differential diagnoses include mammary tumors, lymphadenopathy, hematoma, abscess and granuloma. Thus, imaging tests such as abdominal ultrasound play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. The treatment of this condition is surgical and includes the performance of herniorrhaphy and ovariohysterectomy, in order to avoid recurrences and hereditary transmission. The present study reports a case of an adult cat with increased inguinal volume. The ultrasound examination identified the presence of a herniated uterus, containing three viable fetuses. Treatment consisted of cesarean section, ovariohysterectomy and inguinal herniorrhaphy.(AU)

Hérnia perineal em cães / Perineal hernia in dogs

Background: Perineal hernia is a serious disease characterized by weakening or atrophy and separation of the muscles andfasciae of the perineal musculature, followed by the caudal displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs to the perineumregion. Treatment is invariably surgical and several approaches have been proposed, but complication and recurrence ratesremain high. This study aimed to evaluate 120 cases of perineal hernia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba (HVU)from 2005 to 2020, addressing the clinical and surgical aspects and the postoperative period, seeking to identify the mostrelevant factors to improve care and treatment of future patients affected by this disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia were collected.The prevalence of perineal hernia was calculated. Data were obtained regarding sex, being castrated or not, age, bodymass, race, clinical signs, affected side, possibility of hernia reduction, treatments used, associated pathologies. Of the 120cases, only 69 underwent surgery at the HVU and from these cases data were obtained regarding hernia content, surgicaltechniques, surgical wires used, recurrences and postoperative complications. Fisher’s exact test was applied to assess theinfluence of the type of surgical treatment and surgical thread on the occurrence of complications and recurrences. Perineal hernia was the second most frequently observed hernia. Mixed breed, male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs were themost affected. The most frequently observed clinical signs were related to the digestive and urinary tract, consistent withthe most commonly found hernia contents (bladder, prostate and rectum). The simple herniorrhaphy technique was themost used and showed a high number of complications. The second most used technique was...

Hérnia perineal em cães / Perineal hernia in dogs

Background: Perineal hernia is a serious disease characterized by weakening or atrophy and separation of the muscles andfasciae of the perineal musculature, followed by the caudal displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs to the perineumregion. Treatment is invariably surgical and several approaches have been proposed, but complication and recurrence ratesremain high. This study aimed to evaluate 120 cases of perineal hernia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba (HVU)from 2005 to 2020, addressing the clinical and surgical aspects and the postoperative period, seeking to identify the mostrelevant factors to improve care and treatment of future patients affected by this disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia were collected.The prevalence of perineal hernia was calculated. Data were obtained regarding sex, being castrated or not, age, bodymass, race, clinical signs, affected side, possibility of hernia reduction, treatments used, associated pathologies. Of the 120cases, only 69 underwent surgery at the HVU and from these cases data were obtained regarding hernia content, surgicaltechniques, surgical wires used, recurrences and postoperative complications. Fishers exact test was applied to assess theinfluence of the type of surgical treatment and surgical thread on the occurrence of complications and recurrences. Perineal hernia was the second most frequently observed hernia. Mixed breed, male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs were themost affected. The most frequently observed clinical signs were related to the digestive and urinary tract, consistent withthe most commonly found hernia contents (bladder, prostate and rectum). The simple herniorrhaphy technique was themost used and showed a high number of complications. The second most used technique was...(AU)

Clinical, surgical, and radiographic aspects in a white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia / Aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos e radiográficos em um Gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) com hérnia diafragmática traumática

This is the case of a specimen of Didelphis albiventris with signs of respiratory difficulty after a dog attack. Thoracic radiographic examination revealed pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, and rib fracture, but no alteration compatible with diaphragmatic hernia was observed. Pneumothorax was reduced and the other alterations were treated. However, clinical manifestations persisted, and thus a contrast-gastrointestinal radiographic study was performed, showing abdominal organs in the thoracic cavity and loss of diaphragmatic line. The surgical approach was instituted, with access to the diaphragm through median laparotomy. Through the diaphragmatic rupture, present in the left antimere, there were herniated liver and gastric portions, intestinal segments, and omentum. After inspection and repositioning of the abdominal organs, the diaphragm raffia was performed with single sutures interrupted with 3-0 Nylon thread. The patient’s complete recovery occurred 14 days after the surgical procedure, with remission of clinical manifestations and normality of thoracic images in radiographic studies.

Esse é o caso de um espécime de Didelphis albiventris com sinais de dificuldade respiratória após ataque por cão. O exame radiográfico torácico revelou pneumotórax, contusão pulmonar e fratura de costelas, porém nenhuma alteração com-patível com hérnia diafragmática foi observada. O pneumotórax foi reduzido e as demais alterações tratadas. Contudo; houve a persistência das manifestações clínicas, e dessa forma um estudo radiográfico gastrointestinal contrastado foi realizado, sendo evidenciados órgãos abdominais na cavidade torácica e perda da linha diafragmática. A abordagem cirúrgica foi instituída, com acesso ao diafragma por meio de laparotomia mediana. Através da ruptura diafragmática, presente no antímero esquerdo, estavam herniadas porções hepáticas e gástricas, segmentos intestinais e omento. Após inspeção e reposicionamento dos órgãos abdominais, a rafia do diafragma foi realizada com suturas simples interrompidas com fio Nylon 3-0. A recuperação completa do paciente ocorreu 14 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico, com remissão das manifestações clínicas e normalidade das ima-gens torácicas nos estudos radiográficos.

Redução de hérnia escrotal com protusão de omento em um cão / Reducing escrotal hernia with oment protusion in dog

Hérnia é uma protrusão de vísceras através de um orifício adquirido, tendo como constituintes o anel, conteúdo e saco herniário. As hérnias escrotais ocorrem quando, por algum defeito no anel inguinal, alguma víscera se desloca por ele, chegando até a bolsa escrotal. Sua etiologia não é completamenteelucidada, sendo a elevação da pressão intra-abdominal um dos prováveis desencadeadores. Em caninos, essa é uma condição rara e os poucos relatos citam em animais jovens. Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência de uma hérnia escrotal unilateral esquerda com protrusão de omento maior em um cão da raça Dachshund com 14 anos de idade e com 12,1 kg de peso corporal. Para a redução do conteúdo à cavidade abdominal, foi necessária a realização de incisão na região inguinal cranial, abertura do saco herniário e a orquiectomia. Destaca-se a importância do tratamento cirúrgico da hérnia escrotal, bem como a inclusão dessa afecção no diagnóstico diferencial para afecções testiculares de cães adultos ou idosos.

Hernia is a protrusion of viscera through an acquired orifice, having as constituents the ring, contents and hernial sac. Scrotal hernias occur when, due to a defect in the inguinal ring, some viscera travel through it, reaching the scrotum. Its etiology is not completely elucidated, and the increase in intra-abdominal pressure is one of the probable triggers. In canines, this is a rare condition and the few reports mention it in young animals. The objective was to describe the occurrence of a left unilateral scrotal hernia with protrusion of the greater omentum in a 14-year-old Dachshund dog weighing 12.1 kg of body weight. To reduce the content of the abdominal cavity, it was necessary to make an incision in the cranial inguinal region, open the hernial sac and orchiectomy. The importance of surgical treatment of scrotal hernia is highlighted, as well as the inclusion of this condition in the differential diagnosis for testicular disorders of adult or elderly dogs.

Clinical, surgical, and radiographic aspects in a white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia / Aspectos clínicos, cirúrgicos e radiográficos em um Gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) com hérnia diafragmática traumática

This is the case of a specimen of Didelphis albiventris with signs of respiratory difficulty after a dog attack. Thoracic radiographic examination revealed pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, and rib fracture, but no alteration compatible with diaphragmatic hernia was observed. Pneumothorax was reduced and the other alterations were treated. However, clinical manifestations persisted, and thus a contrast-gastrointestinal radiographic study was performed, showing abdominal organs in the thoracic cavity and loss of diaphragmatic line. The surgical approach was instituted, with access to the diaphragm through median laparotomy. Through the diaphragmatic rupture, present in the left antimere, there were herniated liver and gastric portions, intestinal segments, and omentum. After inspection and repositioning of the abdominal organs, the diaphragm raffia was performed with single sutures interrupted with 3-0 Nylon thread. The patients complete recovery occurred 14 days after the surgical procedure, with remission of clinical manifestations and normality of thoracic images in radiographic studies.(AU)

Esse é o caso de um espécime de Didelphis albiventris com sinais de dificuldade respiratória após ataque por cão. O exame radiográfico torácico revelou pneumotórax, contusão pulmonar e fratura de costelas, porém nenhuma alteração com-patível com hérnia diafragmática foi observada. O pneumotórax foi reduzido e as demais alterações tratadas. Contudo; houve a persistência das manifestações clínicas, e dessa forma um estudo radiográfico gastrointestinal contrastado foi realizado, sendo evidenciados órgãos abdominais na cavidade torácica e perda da linha diafragmática. A abordagem cirúrgica foi instituída, com acesso ao diafragma por meio de laparotomia mediana. Através da ruptura diafragmática, presente no antímero esquerdo, estavam herniadas porções hepáticas e gástricas, segmentos intestinais e omento. Após inspeção e reposicionamento dos órgãos abdominais, a rafia do diafragma foi realizada com suturas simples interrompidas com fio Nylon 3-0. A recuperação completa do paciente ocorreu 14 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico, com remissão das manifestações clínicas e normalidade das ima-gens torácicas nos estudos radiográficos.(AU)

Training model in abdominal wall endoscopic surgery for ventral hernias. Extended totally extra-peritoneal approach (e-tep)

ABSTRACT Purpose: To develop a reproducible training program model covering the steps of the extended totally extraperitoneal approach (e-tep) technique for correction of ventral or incisional hernia repair. Methods: Training sessions with surgeons in the laboratory using both porcine specimens and a new ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) model simulating the operative steps of the e-tep technique. Students were interviewed and asked to answer a questionnaire pre and post the sessions to assess their performance and evaluated the course and model. Results: A total of 25 trained abdominal wall surgeons was evaluated at the end of the course. It was obtained a 100% satisfaction score of the training, as well as increased confidence levels up to 9 and 10 in all technical aspects of the surgery, having 96% of the surgeons performed a surgery under supervision of the proctors after the course. Conclusions: This training model is simple, effective, low cost, and replicable in guidance on the beginning of e-tep technique adoption, and performance. As a result, surgeons can get more confident and more able to perform surgeries employing this technique.

Redução de hérnia escrotal com protusão de omento em um cão / Reducing escrotal hernia with oment protusion in dog

Hérnia é uma protrusão de vísceras através de um orifício adquirido, tendo como constituintes o anel, conteúdo e saco herniário. As hérnias escrotais ocorrem quando, por algum defeito no anel inguinal, alguma víscera se desloca por ele, chegando até a bolsa escrotal. Sua etiologia não é completamenteelucidada, sendo a elevação da pressão intra-abdominal um dos prováveis desencadeadores. Em caninos, essa é uma condição rara e os poucos relatos citam em animais jovens. Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência de uma hérnia escrotal unilateral esquerda com protrusão de omento maior em um cão da raça Dachshund com 14 anos de idade e com 12,1 kg de peso corporal. Para a redução do conteúdo à cavidade abdominal, foi necessária a realização de incisão na região inguinal cranial, abertura do saco herniário e a orquiectomia. Destaca-se a importância do tratamento cirúrgico da hérnia escrotal, bem como a inclusão dessa afecção no diagnóstico diferencial para afecções testiculares de cães adultos ou idosos.(AU)

Hernia is a protrusion of viscera through an acquired orifice, having as constituents the ring, contents and hernial sac. Scrotal hernias occur when, due to a defect in the inguinal ring, some viscera travel through it, reaching the scrotum. Its etiology is not completely elucidated, and the increase in intra-abdominal pressure is one of the probable triggers. In canines, this is a rare condition and the few reports mention it in young animals. The objective was to describe the occurrence of a left unilateral scrotal hernia with protrusion of the greater omentum in a 14-year-old Dachshund dog weighing 12.1 kg of body weight. To reduce the content of the abdominal cavity, it was necessary to make an incision in the cranial inguinal region, open the hernial sac and orchiectomy. The importance of surgical treatment of scrotal hernia is highlighted, as well as the inclusion of this condition in the differential diagnosis for testicular disorders of adult or elderly dogs.(AU)

Redução de hérnia escrotal com protusão de omento em um cão / Reducing escrotal hernia with oment protusion in dog

Hérnia é uma protrusão de vísceras através de um orifício adquirido, tendo como constituintes o anel, conteúdo e saco herniário. As hérnias escrotais ocorrem quando, por algum defeito no anel inguinal, alguma víscera se desloca por ele, chegando até a bolsa escrotal. Sua etiologia não é completamenteelucidada, sendo a elevação da pressão intra-abdominal um dos prováveis desencadeadores. Em caninos, essa é uma condição rara e os poucos relatos citam em animais jovens. Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência de uma hérnia escrotal unilateral esquerda com protrusão de omento maior em um cão da raça Dachshund com 14 anos de idade e com 12,1 kg de peso corporal. Para a redução do conteúdo à cavidade abdominal, foi necessária a realização de incisão na região inguinal cranial, abertura do saco herniário e a orquiectomia. Destaca-se a importância do tratamento cirúrgico da hérnia escrotal, bem como a inclusão dessa afecção no diagnóstico diferencial para afecções testiculares de cães adultos ou idosos.

Hernia is a protrusion of viscera through an acquired orifice, having as constituents the ring, contents and hernial sac. Scrotal hernias occur when, due to a defect in the inguinal ring, some viscera travel through it, reaching the scrotum. Its etiology is not completely elucidated, and the increase in intra-abdominal pressure is one of the probable triggers. In canines, this is a rare condition and the few reports mention it in young animals. The objective was to describe the occurrence of a left unilateral scrotal hernia with protrusion of the greater omentum in a 14-year-old Dachshund dog weighing 12.1 kg of body weight. To reduce the content of the abdominal cavity, it was necessary to make an incision in the cranial inguinal region, open the hernial sac and orchiectomy. The importance of surgical treatment of scrotal hernia is highlighted, as well as the inclusion of this condition in the differential diagnosis for testicular disorders of adult or elderly dogs.

Hérnia perineal em canina fêmea / Perineal hernia in a bitch

Background: Perineal hernia is characterized by the displacement of abdominal organs to the perineal region after ruptureor weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles. This condition is common among middle-aged and elderly unneuteredmale dogs. Considering the severity of the condition and its rarity among bitches, this paper reports on a case of perinealhernia caused by hydrometra in a 12-year-old pinscher bitch.Case: The patient was a 12-year-old Pinscher bitch, weighing 3 kg, suffering from anuria and constipation in the 36 hprior to treatment, without reported trauma. She was unspayed, and her last estrus had occurred approximately thirty dayspreviously. The physical examination revealed an increase in volume in the right perineal region, increased volume in theleft inguinal region, increased body temperature (39.8ºC), pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominalpain and increased popliteal lymph nodes. The diagnosis was determined based on her medical history, clinical signs andan ultrasound scan, which revealed dilated uterine horns displaced unilaterally in the left inguinal region, with evidence ofhydrometra, full urinary bladder inside the hernia sac in the right dorsolateral perineal region and right kidney pyelectasis.After evaluating the animal’s physical condition, surgery was recommended, involving ovariohysterectomy associatedwith inguinal and perineal herniorrhaphy.Discussion: Perineal hernia, a common condition in male dogs, is characterized by the displacement of organs towardsthe perineal region. However, in this case, this condition occurred in female dog. Unlike males, the main causes of perineal hernia in females are trauma, chronic coughing related to heart disease, bronchitis, and tracheal collapse. Increasedintra-abdominal pressure associated with a weak pelvic diaphragm predisposes for herniation of abdominal contents,such as occurred through hydrometra. In this case...

Hérnia perineal em canina fêmea / Perineal hernia in a bitch

Background: Perineal hernia is characterized by the displacement of abdominal organs to the perineal region after ruptureor weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles. This condition is common among middle-aged and elderly unneuteredmale dogs. Considering the severity of the condition and its rarity among bitches, this paper reports on a case of perinealhernia caused by hydrometra in a 12-year-old pinscher bitch.Case: The patient was a 12-year-old Pinscher bitch, weighing 3 kg, suffering from anuria and constipation in the 36 hprior to treatment, without reported trauma. She was unspayed, and her last estrus had occurred approximately thirty dayspreviously. The physical examination revealed an increase in volume in the right perineal region, increased volume in theleft inguinal region, increased body temperature (39.8ºC), pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominalpain and increased popliteal lymph nodes. The diagnosis was determined based on her medical history, clinical signs andan ultrasound scan, which revealed dilated uterine horns displaced unilaterally in the left inguinal region, with evidence ofhydrometra, full urinary bladder inside the hernia sac in the right dorsolateral perineal region and right kidney pyelectasis.After evaluating the animals physical condition, surgery was recommended, involving ovariohysterectomy associatedwith inguinal and perineal herniorrhaphy.Discussion: Perineal hernia, a common condition in male dogs, is characterized by the displacement of organs towardsthe perineal region. However, in this case, this condition occurred in female dog. Unlike males, the main causes of perineal hernia in females are trauma, chronic coughing related to heart disease, bronchitis, and tracheal collapse. Increasedintra-abdominal pressure associated with a weak pelvic diaphragm predisposes for herniation of abdominal contents,such as occurred through hydrometra. In this case...(AU)

Túnica vaginal autógena para herniorrafia perineal em cães / Autogenous tunica vaginalis for perineal herniorrhaphy in dogs

A túnica vaginal possui características ideais para enxertia e já foi empregada na reparação de diversos tecidos, inclusive do diafragma pélvico. Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicabilidade da túnica vaginal como enxerto autógeno livre, em dupla camada, para a reparação do diafragma pélvico em 14 cães portadores de hérnia perineal, das quais, nove eram unilaterais e cinco, bilaterais. Após a orquiectomia, as túnicas de ambos os testículos foram coletadas, sobrepostas e fixadas entre si por meio de quatro pontos de reparo. Foi realizada abordagem ao saco herniário, inspeção, redução do conteúdo herniário, desbridamento muscular e síntese primária mediante sutura. O enxerto foi fixado à musculatura remanescente por meio de pontos simples separados e, posteriormente, encoberto pela sutura intradérmica e por síntese cutânea. Observações transoperatórias e, posteriormente, avaliações clínicas e ultrassonográficas, por período de um ano, permitiram sugerir que a túnica vaginal possui atributos ideais para a reparação do diafragma pélvico. Conclui-se que o enxerto autógeno livre de túnica vaginal, em dupla camada, é exequível e aplicável para o reparo do diafragma pélvico no tratamento da hérnia perineal em cães.(AU)

The tunica vaginalis has ideal characteristics for grafting and has already been used to repair several tissues, including the pelvic diaphragm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the tunica vaginalis as a free double-layer autogenous graft to repair the pelvic diaphragm in 14 dogs with perineal hernia, of which, nine were unilateral and five, bilateral. After orchiectomy, the tunics of both testicles were collected, overlapped and fixed to each other by four repair points. The hernial sac was approached, followed by inspection, reduction of the hernia content, muscle debridement and primary synthesis through suture. The graft was attached to the remaining musculature by simple interrupted stitches and later hidden by intradermal suture and cutaneous synthesis. Intraoperative observations and, later, clinical and sonographic evaluations over a one-year period, allow to suggest that the tunica vaginalis has ideal attributes for the pelvic diaphragm repair. It is concluded that the autogenous graft-free of tunica vaginalis in double layer is feasible and applicable in order to repair the pelvic diaphragm in the perineal hernia treatment in dogs.(AU)

Túnica vaginal autógena para herniorrafia perineal em cães / Autogenous tunica vaginalis for perineal herniorrhaphy in dogs

A túnica vaginal possui características ideais para enxertia e já foi empregada na reparação de diversos tecidos, inclusive do diafragma pélvico. Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicabilidade da túnica vaginal como enxerto autógeno livre, em dupla camada, para a reparação do diafragma pélvico em 14 cães portadores de hérnia perineal, das quais, nove eram unilaterais e cinco, bilaterais. Após a orquiectomia, as túnicas de ambos os testículos foram coletadas, sobrepostas e fixadas entre si por meio de quatro pontos de reparo. Foi realizada abordagem ao saco herniário, inspeção, redução do conteúdo herniário, desbridamento muscular e síntese primária mediante sutura. O enxerto foi fixado à musculatura remanescente por meio de pontos simples separados e, posteriormente, encoberto pela sutura intradérmica e por síntese cutânea. Observações transoperatórias e, posteriormente, avaliações clínicas e ultrassonográficas, por período de um ano, permitiram sugerir que a túnica vaginal possui atributos ideais para a reparação do diafragma pélvico. Conclui-se que o enxerto autógeno livre de túnica vaginal, em dupla camada, é exequível e aplicável para o reparo do diafragma pélvico no tratamento da hérnia perineal em cães.(AU)

The tunica vaginalis has ideal characteristics for grafting and has already been used to repair several tissues, including the pelvic diaphragm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the tunica vaginalis as a free double-layer autogenous graft to repair the pelvic diaphragm in 14 dogs with perineal hernia, of which, nine were unilateral and five, bilateral. After orchiectomy, the tunics of both testicles were collected, overlapped and fixed to each other by four repair points. The hernial sac was approached, followed by inspection, reduction of the hernia content, muscle debridement and primary synthesis through suture. The graft was attached to the remaining musculature by simple interrupted stitches and later hidden by intradermal suture and cutaneous synthesis. Intraoperative observations and, later, clinical and sonographic evaluations over a one-year period, allow to suggest that the tunica vaginalis has ideal attributes for the pelvic diaphragm repair. It is concluded that the autogenous graft-free of tunica vaginalis in double layer is feasible and applicable in order to repair the pelvic diaphragm in the perineal hernia treatment in dogs.(AU)

Eventração paracostal de útero gravídico em cadela / Paracostal eventration of a pregnant uterus in a bitch

Background: Traumatic abdominal hernias result from trauma which causes muscular and fascia rupture, with dislocation of viscera into the subcutaneous space without perforation of the skin. Paracostal eventration, occurs due to avulsion of the abdominal external oblique and abdominal transverse muscles from their insertion point at the ribs, resulting in dislocation of the abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous region, lateral to the abdominal wall; however, there are few reports in the literature describing this type of lesion in dogs, especially when the herniated content is a gravid uterus. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of traumatic paracostal hernia of a pregnant uterus in a dog. Case: A 2-year-old pregnant bitch weighing 8.9 kg was presented with a sudden increase in abdominal volume lateral to the left thoracic wall which, according to the owner, started after the dog was hit by a car. On physical examination, the dog had a greenish vaginal secretion and the increased volume on the left paracostal region mentioned above. Laboratory exams showed normocytic normochromic anemia, slight leukocytosis without left shift, and a discreet increase in creatinine, urea, and alanine aminotransferase. Abdominal radiographs showed a lack of continuity of the left abdominal muscle wall, with passage of the uterine horn into the subcutaneous space lateral to the rib cage. After stabilization of the patient with fluid therapy and analgesia, the bitch was anesthetized with propofol intravenously, and maintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Cephazolin was administered intravenously 30 min prior to the surgery as prophylactic antibiotic therapy. An exploratory celiotomy was then performed, where a defect in the internal and external oblique abdominal muscles and transverse abdominal muscle was observed at their point of origin and insertion at the...

Eventração paracostal de útero gravídico em cadela / Paracostal eventration of a pregnant uterus in a bitch

Background: Traumatic abdominal hernias result from trauma which causes muscular and fascia rupture, with dislocation of viscera into the subcutaneous space without perforation of the skin. Paracostal eventration, occurs due to avulsion of the abdominal external oblique and abdominal transverse muscles from their insertion point at the ribs, resulting in dislocation of the abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous region, lateral to the abdominal wall; however, there are few reports in the literature describing this type of lesion in dogs, especially when the herniated content is a gravid uterus. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of traumatic paracostal hernia of a pregnant uterus in a dog. Case: A 2-year-old pregnant bitch weighing 8.9 kg was presented with a sudden increase in abdominal volume lateral to the left thoracic wall which, according to the owner, started after the dog was hit by a car. On physical examination, the dog had a greenish vaginal secretion and the increased volume on the left paracostal region mentioned above. Laboratory exams showed normocytic normochromic anemia, slight leukocytosis without left shift, and a discreet increase in creatinine, urea, and alanine aminotransferase. Abdominal radiographs showed a lack of continuity of the left abdominal muscle wall, with passage of the uterine horn into the subcutaneous space lateral to the rib cage. After stabilization of the patient with fluid therapy and analgesia, the bitch was anesthetized with propofol intravenously, and maintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Cephazolin was administered intravenously 30 min prior to the surgery as prophylactic antibiotic therapy. An exploratory celiotomy was then performed, where a defect in the internal and external oblique abdominal muscles and transverse abdominal muscle was observed at their point of origin and insertion at the...(AU)

Correção de hérnia perianal em cão utilizando tela de polipropileno / Correction of perianal hernia using polypropylene screen in dog

A hérnia perineal resulta do enfraquecimento e separação dos músculos que formam o diafragma pélvico, promovendo deslocamento caudal de órgãos abdominais ou pélvicos no períneo. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns incluem tumefação da região perineal, tenesmo, disquesia, incontinência urinaria e/ou fecal, anúria e êmese devido a envolvimento urinário e/ou intestinal. O diagnóstico baseia-se no histórico clínico, anamnese, exame físico e exames complementares como radiografia simples ou contrastada e ultrassonografia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar a eficácia do uso da tela de polipropileno na correção de hérnia perineal em paciente da espécie canina. Foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário Metropolitano (HVM) de Caucaia, um canino, da raça Pastor Alemão, macho, 36 kg e 7 anos de idade, apresentando sintomas como apatia, anorexia, tenesmo e aumento da região perianal. A suspeita clínica de hérnia perianal foi confirmada pelo exame ultrassonográfico. O tratamento cirúrgico foi indicado pela técnica de herniorrafia com fixação de tela de polipropileno. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi observado um nódulo em meio as estruturas, o qual foi retirado e enviado ao estudo histopatológico. O resultado indicou um quadro de necrose de tecido adiposo (adiponecrose). Para o fechamento do orifício da hérnia, utilizou-se tela de polipropileno fixada com nylon 2.0 em padrão simples interrompido e, posteriormente, foi realizada a orquiectomia. No pósoperatório, fez-se uso de amoxicicilina, cetoprofeno e tramadol. O paciente recebeu alta após 48 horas seguidas do ato cirúrgico, e corridos 12 dias, o animal não apresentou recidiva. Diante do caso relatado, pode-se concluir que a técnica de herniorrafia perineal com tela de polipropileno, associada à orquiectomia, constitui-se em procedimento eficaz sem apresentação de recidivas.

Perineal hernia results from the weakening and separation of the muscles that form thepelvic diaphragm, promoting caudal displacement of abdominal or pelvic organs in the perineum. The most common clinical signs include perineal region swelling, tenesmus, dyskinesia, urinary and / or fecal incontinence, anuria and emesis due to urinary and / or intestinal involvement. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, anamnesis, physical examination and complementary exams such as simple or contrast radiography and ultrasonography. The objective of this study was to report the surgical treatment for the correction of perineal hernia in a dog through the use of synthetic polypropylene mesh. A canine, German Shepherd dog, male, 36 kg and 7 years old, was submitted to the Metropolitan Veterinary Hospital (HVM), presenting symptoms of apathy, anorexia, tenesmus and an increase in the perianal region. Clinical suspicion of perianal hernia was confirmed by ultrasonographic examination. The surgical treatment was indicated by the herniorrhaphy technique with polypropylene mesh fixation. During the surgical procedure, a nodule was observed between the structures, which was removed and sent to the histopathological study. The result indicated an adipose tissue necrosis (adiponecrosis). In order to close the hernia hole, a polypropylene mesh was fixed with nylon 2.0 in a simple interrupted pattern and then the orchiectomy was performed. Postoperatively, amoxicillin, ketoprofen and tramadol were used. The patient was discharged 48 hours after the surgical procedure, and after 12 days, the animal did not present a recurrence. In view of thereported case, it can be concluded that the technique of perineal herniorrhaphy with polypropylene mesh, associated with orchiectomy, constitutes an effective procedure without relapses.

Correção de hérnia perianal em cão utilizando tela de polipropileno / Correction of perianal hernia using polypropylene screen in dog

A hérnia perineal resulta do enfraquecimento e separação dos músculos que formam o diafragma pélvico, promovendo deslocamento caudal de órgãos abdominais ou pélvicos no períneo. Os sinais clínicos mais comuns incluem tumefação da região perineal, tenesmo, disquesia, incontinência urinaria e/ou fecal, anúria e êmese devido a envolvimento urinário e/ou intestinal. O diagnóstico baseia-se no histórico clínico, anamnese, exame físico e exames complementares como radiografia simples ou contrastada e ultrassonografia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar a eficácia do uso da tela de polipropileno na correção de hérnia perineal em paciente da espécie canina. Foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário Metropolitano (HVM) de Caucaia, um canino, da raça Pastor Alemão, macho, 36 kg e 7 anos de idade, apresentando sintomas como apatia, anorexia, tenesmo e aumento da região perianal. A suspeita clínica de hérnia perianal foi confirmada pelo exame ultrassonográfico. O tratamento cirúrgico foi indicado pela técnica de herniorrafia com fixação de tela de polipropileno. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico foi observado um nódulo em meio as estruturas, o qual foi retirado e enviado ao estudo histopatológico. O resultado indicou um quadro de necrose de tecido adiposo (adiponecrose). Para o fechamento do orifício da hérnia, utilizou-se tela de polipropileno fixada com nylon 2.0 em padrão simples interrompido e, posteriormente, foi realizada a orquiectomia. No pósoperatório, fez-se uso de amoxicicilina, cetoprofeno e tramadol. O paciente recebeu alta após 48 horas seguidas do ato cirúrgico, e corridos 12 dias, o animal não apresentou recidiva. Diante do caso relatado, pode-se concluir que a técnica de herniorrafia perineal com tela de polipropileno, associada à orquiectomia, constitui-se em procedimento eficaz sem apresentação de recidivas.(AU)

Perineal hernia results from the weakening and separation of the muscles that form thepelvic diaphragm, promoting caudal displacement of abdominal or pelvic organs in the perineum. The most common clinical signs include perineal region swelling, tenesmus, dyskinesia, urinary and / or fecal incontinence, anuria and emesis due to urinary and / or intestinal involvement. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, anamnesis, physical examination and complementary exams such as simple or contrast radiography and ultrasonography. The objective of this study was to report the surgical treatment for the correction of perineal hernia in a dog through the use of synthetic polypropylene mesh. A canine, German Shepherd dog, male, 36 kg and 7 years old, was submitted to the Metropolitan Veterinary Hospital (HVM), presenting symptoms of apathy, anorexia, tenesmus and an increase in the perianal region. Clinical suspicion of perianal hernia was confirmed by ultrasonographic examination. The surgical treatment was indicated by the herniorrhaphy technique with polypropylene mesh fixation. During the surgical procedure, a nodule was observed between the structures, which was removed and sent to the histopathological study. The result indicated an adipose tissue necrosis (adiponecrosis). In order to close the hernia hole, a polypropylene mesh was fixed with nylon 2.0 in a simple interrupted pattern and then the orchiectomy was performed. Postoperatively, amoxicillin, ketoprofen and tramadol were used. The patient was discharged 48 hours after the surgical procedure, and after 12 days, the animal did not present a recurrence. In view of thereported case, it can be concluded that the technique of perineal herniorrhaphy with polypropylene mesh, associated with orchiectomy, constitutes an effective procedure without relapses.(AU)

Hérnia inguino-escrotal em ovino / Inguino-scrotal hernia in ovine

A hérnia inguino-escrotal é uma patologia de origem congênita ou adquirida, sendo os seus principais sinais clínicos observados a tumefação do escroto e diminuição da motilidade intestinal, acarretando problemas reprodutivos e gastrointestinais graves. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um caso de hérnia inguino-escrotal em ovino, macho, raça Dopper, com três meses de idade, diagnosticado por meio de palpação exploratória e ultrassonografia, no qual o tratamento cirúrgico consistiu na realização de herniorrafia, obtendo-se sucesso na correção da hérnia e recuperação do animal, contribuindo para o esclarecimento da conduta médica veterinária preconizada diante deste caso raro.(AU)

Inguine-scrotal hernia is a condition of congenital or acquired origin. Its main clinical signs are scrotal swelling and decreased intestinal motility, leading to severe reproductive and gastrointestinal problems. The aim of this study was to describe a case of inguinoscrotal hernia in a three-month-old male Dopper ovine, diagnosed by exploratory palpation and ultrasonography, in which surgical treatment consisted of herniorrhaphy, correction of the hernia and recovery of the animal, contributing to the explanation of the veterinary medical conduct recommended in this rare case.(AU)

Hérnia inguino-escrotal em ovino / Inguino-scrotal hernia in ovine

A hérnia inguino-escrotal é uma patologia de origem congênita ou adquirida, sendo os seus principais sinais clínicos observados a tumefação do escroto e diminuição da motilidade intestinal, acarretando problemas reprodutivos e gastrointestinais graves. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um caso de hérnia inguino-escrotal em ovino, macho, raça Dopper, com três meses de idade, diagnósticado por meio de palpação exploratória e ultrassonografia, no qual o tratamento cirúrgico consistiu na realização de herniorrafia, obtendo-se sucesso na correção da hérnia e recuperação do animal, contribuindo para o esclarecimento da conduta médica veterinária preconizada diante deste caso raro.

Inguine-scrotal hernia is a condition of congenital or acquired origin. Its main clinical signs are scrotal swelling and decreased intestinal motility, leading to severe reproductive and gastrointestinal problems. The aim of this study was to describe a case of inguinoscrotal hernia in a three-month-old male Dopper ovine, diagnosed by exploratory palpation and ultrasonography, in which surgical treatment consisted of herniorrhaphy, correction of the hernia and recovery of the animal, contributing to the explanation of the veterinary medical conduct recommended in this rare case.

Reinforcement of the pelvic diaphragm using a purse-string suture in dogs: description of technique / Reforço do diafragma pélvico por meio de sutura em bolsa de fumo: descrição de técnica

Recurrence of perineal hernias is frequent, and is associated to poor identification of anatomical structures during surgery, inadequate suture placement, and failure of physical support of the pelvic diaphragm after surgical reconstruction. The objective of this work is to describe a novel surgical technique for reinforcement of the pelvic diaphragm after performing the internal obturator transposition technique in dogs with perineal hernia.(AU)

As recidivas das hérnias perineais são frequentes e associadas à falha no isolamento das estruturas anatômicas, inadequada colocação de suturas e falência na sustentação do diafragma pélvico reconstruído cirurgicamente. Objetiva-se descrever uma nova técnica cirúrgica para reforço do diafragma pélvico após a realização da técnica de elevação do músculo obturador interno em cães com hérnia perineal.(AU)