Resumo

Protein quality is related to amino acid composition and digestibility. Accurate evaluation of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients in commonly used feedstuffs is paramount for formulating efficient aquafeed. ADCs of soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) were evaluated using reference diets formulated with two types of ingredients (semi-purified [SP] and practical [P]) for juvenile Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) of the GIFT strain. Groups of 20 juveniles (65.05 ± 12.37 g) were fed twice a day to apparent satiety with one of the four experimental diets (SBM-SP, SBM-P, PBM-SP, and PBM-P) in quadruplicate for 30 days. After the last feeding, feces were collected by siphoning hourly and the ADCs of dry matter, protein, and amino acids (AAs) were calculated. Nile tilapia exhibited a high capacity to digest SBM and PBM, with most ADCs exceeding 90 %. The type of reference diet affected the ADCs of protein and AAs on the test ingredients, with the SP reference diet providing the highest ADC, mainly in SBM. Digestibility data generated with a P-type reference diet demonstrated more practical relevance than those generated with an SP-type reference diet. They can be applied in digestibility studies for Nile tilapia.(AU)

Resumo

Ultra-refined yerba mate (URYM), with a final particle size of 5 to 12 microns, is an innovation in the market that aims to diversify and increase the consumption of yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) through its practicality and versatility of preparation. The present work seeks to evaluate the potential for applying naturally colored URYM in food products. The nature of this study was exploratory, adopting a chemical approach (analysis of the antioxidant potential); physical approach (color stability) and sensory perception. URYM is a suitable naturally colored food ingredient with natural antioxidant appeal. Methanolic extraction of URYM (MEUR) was more efficient in scavenging DPPH radicals compared with aqueous extract of URYM (AEUR) (959.5 vs . 638.1 µmol Trolox g-1). No differences were found between AEUR and MEUR for total phenolic content in mg GAE g-1 (266.4 and 339.0, respectively) and scavenging of ABTS radicals in µmol Trolox g-1 (1008.9 and 1053.8, respectively). Water was able to extract phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Ice cream, juice, cake, and cookies emerged as the food products in which consumers used URYM in their homemade foods. With good color stability (no difference between L*, a* and b* parameters during the six-day) and good acceptance, cake with URYM added has a profile described as tasty, sweet, soft, and mate flavor. The results also demonstrated consumer interest in food products and ingredients with a healthy appeal.(AU)

Resumo

O trabalho de fonte própria do autor realizou simulações econômicas buscando compreender viabilidade do uso da farinha de insetos na dieta de frango de corte, utilizando-se de ferramentas de Excel

Resumo

This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of essential (EAA) and non-essential (NEAA) amino acids of 13 ingredients for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diets. Proteic and energetic ingredients were analyzed separately. The trial with energetic and proteic ingredients were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates: energetic ingredients (corn, wheat bran, broken rice, and sorghum) with four treatments, whereas proteic ingredients (corn gluten meal, soybean meal, poultry byproduct meal, salmon meal, fish meal [tilapia processing residue], wheat gluten meal, feather meal, cottonseed meal, and alcohol yeast [spray dried]) with nine treatments. Each block was considered as one round of fecal collection. A total of 420 tambaqui juveniles (mean initial weight: 70±8.58 g) were used. Among energetic ingredients, corn (94.6%) and wheat bran (91.9%) had the highest ADCEAA, followed by broken rice (75.7%), and sorghum (72.8%). On average, ADCEAA and ADCNEAA values of proteic ingredients were 79.5-98.5%, except for alcohol yeast (ADCEAA: 68.4 and ADCNEAA: 76.7%). Tryptophan was the first limiting amino acid in most ingredients tested and had the lowest chemical scores (0.06-0.51), except for wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and soybean meal, in which lysine was the first limiting amino acid. Soybean meal had the highest digestible essential amino acid index (EAAI: 1.02) and the most balanced amino acid profile, whereas wheat gluten meal had the lowest EAAI (0.48). Overall, tambaqui was very efficient to digest proteic and energetic ingredients.(AU)

Resumo

A study was conducted to evaluate the use of macro ingredients as markers of the quality of mixed feeds. Were used: popcorn grain, sorghum, millet, rice colored and purple corn grinded (0.5% added to the diet, substituting grind corn) and coarse limestone sieved through sieve nº 10 ABNT with 2 mm (added in 0.5% in the diet, substituting finely ground limestone). Microtracer F-Red was used as a method of reference. It was used a Y-type mixer (capacity of 5,000 cm3), and produced 1 kg of feed per repetition. It was adopted six mixing times (10 seconds, 1, 6, 11, 16 and 21 minutes) and five particle size of corn (386, 513, 610, 731 and 839 ?m), amounting 30 treatments with three repetitions for each treatment. Where collected 12 samples, for each replicate, to measurement of the markers and determination of the coefficient of variation (CV). A quadratic effect with minimum point for the CV was observed for all markers with the increasing of the mixing time. There was no effect of the particle size of corn for the coefficients of variation of coarse limestone and millet. There was a quadratic response of the particle size of corn for the coefficients of variation of purple corn and popcorn grain and linear effect for the colored rice, sorghum and reference method. The particle size of corn changed the time needed to reduce the CV of the markers: colored rice, milled purple corn,popcorn, sorghum and microtracer. The use ofalternative markers has shown that it is a promising tool for the determination of the optimum mixingtime, especially millet and limestone, that showed the highest correlations with the reference method.

Foi conduzido um trabalho para avaliar o uso de macro ingredientes como indicadores da qualidade de mistura de rações. Foram utilizados: milho pipoca, sorgo, milheto, arroz colorido, milho roxo moído (adicionados em 0,5% na ração, em substituição ao milho moído) e o calcário grosso peneirado em peneira ABNT nº10 com dois milímetros de diâmetro das malhas (adicionado em 0,5% na ração, em substituição ao calcário finamente moído). Como método referência utilizou-se microtracer F-Red. Foi utilizado um misturador tipo Y (capacidade de 5.000 cm3) e fabricado 1 kg de ração para cada repetição. Foram utilizados seis tempos de mistura (10 segundos; 1; 6; 11; 16 e 21 minutos) e cinco diâmetros geométricos médios do milho (386; 513; 610; 731 e 839 ?m) totalizando 30 tratamentos, com três repetições por tratamento. Foram coletadas 12 amostras, para cada unidade experimental, para a contagem dos indicadores e determinação do coeficiente de variação (CV). Houve efeito quadrático com ponto de mínimo para os CV de todos os indicadores com o aumento do tempo de mistura. Não houve efeito do diâmetro geométrico médio do milho para os CV do calcário grosso e milheto. Houve efeito quadrático do diâmetro geométrico médio do milho para os CV do milho roxo e milho pipoca e efeito linear para o arroz colorido, sorgo e para o método referência. A granulometria do milho alterou o tempo necessário para reduzir o CV dos indicadores: arroz colorido, milho roxo moído,milho pipoca, sorgo e microtracer. A utilização de indicadores alternativos se mostrou promissora comoferramenta para determinação dos tempos ideais de mistura, com destaque para o milheto e o calcário,pois apresentaram as maiores correlações com o método referência.

Resumo

This study aimed: 1) to classify ingredients according to the digestible amino acid (AA) profile; 2) to determine ingredients with AA profile closer to the ideal for broiler chickens; and 3) to compare digestible AA profiles from simulated diets with the ideal protein profile. The digestible AA levels of 30 ingredients were compiled from the literature and presented as percentages of lysine according to the ideal protein concept. Cluster and principal component analyses (exploratory analyses) were used to compose and describe groups of ingredients according to AA profiles. Four ingredient groups were identified by cluster analysis, and the classification of the ingredients within each of these groups was obtained from a principal component analysis, showing 11 classes of ingredients with similar digestible AA profiles. The ingredients with AA profiles closer to the ideal protein were meat and bone meal 45, fish meal 60 and wheat germ meal, all of them constituting Class 1; the ingredients from the other classes gradually diverged from the ideal protein. Soybean meal, which is the main protein source for poultry, showed good AA balance since it was included in Class 3. On the contrary, corn, which is the main energy source in poultry diets, was classified in Class 8. Dietary AA profiles were improved when corn and/or soybean meal were partially or totally replaced in the simulations by ingredients with better AA balance.

Resumo

We aimed to evaluate the effects of shed roof(SR) typeand the inclusion of babassu pie (BP) in rations on the productive characteristics ofmeat quailsfrom days 14 to 28 and days14 to 40. We studied 896 meatquails. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 4x4 factorial arrangement, using four types of shedroofs (fiber cement, ceramic, straw, and painted fiber cement) and four rations (with 0, 5, 10, and 15% inclusion of babassu pie). The performance variables evaluated from 14 to 28 and 14 to 40 days included food intake (FI, g/bird), mean weight gain (WG, g/bird), food conversion (FC, g/g), mean live weight on day 28 (MW28, g/bird), mean live weight on day 40 (MW40, g/bird), and energy efficiency (EF; g Mcal). After slautherthe birds on day 40, we measured the carcass weight (CW) and the carcass yield (CY, %), obtained for the breast (BY), legs (LGY), and wings (WINGY). We also obtained the relative weight of the heart (HRW), liver (LRW), gizzard (GRW), and intestine (IRW). To compare the economic efficiency between the experimental rations, we analyzed the cost of ration per kg of carcass (CC) and determined the gross margin (GM). Between day 14 and day 28, we found that the use of SR influenced the FI28, WG28, and the MW28 of the quails (p 0.05). BP did not affect FI28 (p > 0.05), but it linearly improved WG28, FC28, MW28, and EF28. Between days 14 and 40, we found that SR influenced the WG40, FC40, MW40, and EF40 of the quails (p < 0.05) and thata BP increased the FI40, WG40, and MW40 in a quadratic manner. SR and BP did not affect the CW,BY, WINGY, LGY, HRW, LRW,or IRW. However, BP influenced MGRW, which increased linearly withthe inclusion of BP. We concluded that a ceramic roof provides better environmental conditions than doother shed roofs. The inclusion of BP improved the performance characteristics, and it was technicallyfeasible to include up to 15% BP in the rations of meat quails...

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do tipo de cobertura do galpão (TC) e da inclusão da torta de babaçu nas rações (TB), sobre as características produtivas de codornas de corte dos 14 aos 28 e dos 14 aos 40 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 896 codornas de linhagem de corte. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro tipos de coberturas nos galpões (fibrocimento, cerâmica, palha e fibrocimento pintado) e quatro rações (0, 5, 10 e 15% de inclusão de torta de babaçu). As variáveis de desempenho avaliadas dos 14 aos 28 e dos 14 aos 40 dias foram: consumo de ração (CR; g/ave), ganho de peso médio (GP; g/ave), conversão alimentar (CA; g/g), peso vivo médio aos 28 dias (PM28; g/ave); peso vivo médio aos 40 dias (PM40; g/ave) e eficiência energética (EF; g/Mcal) e após o abate no 40º dia, foi obtido o peso da carcaça (PC) e o rendimento (%) de carcaça (RC) de peito (RP), pernas (RPN) e asas (RASA), bem como os pesos relativos do coração (PRC), fígado (PRF), moela (PRM) e intestino (PRI). Para comparar a eficiência econômica entre as rações experimentais determinou-se o custo com alimentação por kg de carcaça (CC) e a margem bruta (MB). No período de 14 a 28 dias observou-se que o TC influenciou (P 0,05) o CR28, GP28 e o PM28 das codornas. A TB não afetou (P > 0,05) o CR28, mas melhorou linearmente o GP28, a CA28, o PM28 e a EF28. No período de 14 a 40 dias observou-se que o TC influenciou (P < 0,05) o GP40, a CA40, o PM40e a EF40 das codornas e a TB aumentou de forma quadrática o CR40, GP40 e o PM40. Não houve efeitode TC e TB no PC, RP, RASA, RPN, PRC, PRF, PRI, entretanto a TB influenciou o PRM, que aumentoulinearmente com a inclusão de TB. Concluiu-se que a cobertura de cerâmica proporciona melhorescondições ambientais em relação às demais coberturas. A inclusão de TB melhorou as característicasde desempenho sendo tecnicamente viável a inclusão de até 15% nas rações de codornas de corte...