The Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf and Canola Seed Powder on Fattening, Laying Performance, Blood Plasma Constituents, and Microbiota in Japanese Quails

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding Japanese quail chicks with diets containing different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf and canola seed powder on growth performance, carcass yield, blood plasma constituents, and egg production. The trial lasted for a total of 7 weeks, with 5 weeks of fattening and two weeks of laying. The first group was the control group, while the second group was supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaves (4g/kg diet), the third group was supplemented with canola seed powder (4g/kg diet), the fourth group was supplemented with a mix of Moringa oleifera leaves and canola seed powder (8g/kg diet). The results showed that canola seed powder from 0-3 weeks of age increased body weight in comparison to the control group, but there were no significant differences (p<0.05) among groups in terms of the final body weight and feed conversion ratio. Average daily feed intake was significantly different (p<0.05). However, body weight, carcass weight, liver weight, gizzard weight, and abdominal fat weight increased significantly compared to the control group. Feeding Moringa oleifera leaves and canola seed powder significantly increased the total plasma protein, as compared to the control group. There were significant decreases in cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL levels among groups, with no significant differences in glucose, ALT and LDL among all treatments. The addition of Moringa oleifera leaf and canola seed powder showed significant effects on calcium and magnesium. Both Moringa oleifera leaf and Moringa-canola mixture significantly reduced the presence of some pathogenic bacteria in the digestive system, which was seen as an important contribution to the digestive and immune systems.(AU)

Antimalarial potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae): A review of the ethnomedicinal, pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical evidence

Several regions of the world frequently use the species Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) in traditional medicine. This situation is even more common in African countries. Many literature reports point to the antimalarial potential of this species, indicating the efficacy of its chemical compounds against malaria-causing parasites of the genus Plasmodium. From this perspective, the present study reviews the ethnobotanical, pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical (flavonoids) evidence of M. oleifera, focusing on the treatment of malaria. Scientific articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, and SciELO databases. Only articles published between 2002 and 2022 were selected. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this review used a total of 72 articles. These documents mention a large use of M. oleifera for the treatment of malaria in African and Asian countries. The leaves (63%) of this plant are the main parts used in the preparation of herbal medicines. The in vivo antimalarial activity of M. oleifera was confirmed through several studies using polar and nonpolar extracts, fractions obtained from the extracts, infusion, pellets, and oils obtained from this plant and tested in rodents infected by the following parasites of the genus Plasmodium: P. berghei, P. falciparum, P. yoelii, and P. chabaudi. Extracts obtained from M. oleifera showed no toxicity in preclinical tests. A total of 46 flavonoids were identified in the leaves and seeds of M. oleifera by different chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. Despite the scarcity of research on the antimalarial potential of compounds isolated from M. oleifera, the positive effects against malaria-causing parasites in previous studies are likely to correlate with the flavonoids that occur in this species.(AU)

Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on performance and carcass yield of broilers

This study evaluated the effects of including Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaf meal on performance, carcass yield and characteristics, and relative organ weights of broilers from 10 to 42 days of age. We distributed 420 male Cobb 500 chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates with 14 birds each. Treatments consisted of five experimental diets in which the moringa leaf meal was included at 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% in the diets. The following performance variables were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion; weights and yields of carcass, carcass traits, organs, and abdominal fat; and feet color. Significant differences between the treatment means were analyzed by Dunnett's test. The meal inclusion levels did not affect performance, carcass characteristics and yield, or organs weight. However, feet pigmentation increased linearly, and abdominal fat was greater only at the 1.5% level when compared with the control group. Moringa leaf meal can be included in the diet of broilers from 10 to 42 days of age, up to the level of 6%, without compromising performance or carcass yield of these birds.(AU)

Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on pectoral muscle quality and morphometric characteristics of tibia bone in broiler chickens

Although in-feed antibiotics work for broiler chicken's growth, they are a source of public health hazard. Therefore, there is a need for alternates which can act as growth promoter without deleterious effects on the health of meat consumers. Moringa oleifera is one such phytobiotic which is reported to possess antimicrobial and immuno-modulatory properties. This study investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) supplementation on meat quality and bone morphometry of broiler. One-day-old chicks (n=100), divided into five groups (four replicates with n=5), were fed a basal diet (control group) or same diet supplemented with 6, 9, 12 or 15 g/kg MOLP. On d-35, two birds per replicate were euthanized to collect samples of breast muscle, blood and tibia bone. The MOLP supplementation significantly increased pH of breast muscle and ash percentage of tibia bone. The diameter of breast muscle fibres and also weight and weight length index of tibia bone significantly increased with 12 and 15 g/kg MOLP. The water holding capacity (WHC) of breast muscle was significantly higher with 9 and 15 g/kg MOLP; whereas robusticity index of tibia bone significantly decreased with 12 and 15 g/kg MOLP inclusion compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (12g/kg) increased pH, water holding capacity, and muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle and also weight, ash percentage and density indices of tibia bone in broiler chickens.(AU)

Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on pectoral muscle quality and morphometric characteristics of tibia bone in broiler chickens

Although in-feed antibiotics work for broiler chicken's growth, they are a source of public health hazard. Therefore, there is a need for alternates which can act as growth promoter without deleterious effects on the health of meat consumers. Moringa oleifera is one such phytobiotic which is reported to possess antimicrobial and immuno-modulatory properties. This study investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) supplementation on meat quality and bone morphometry of broiler. One-day-old chicks (n=100), divided into five groups (four replicates with n=5), were fed a basal diet (control group) or same diet supplemented with 6, 9, 12 or 15 g/kg MOLP. On d-35, two birds per replicate were euthanized to collect samples of breast muscle, blood and tibia bone. The MOLP supplementation significantly increased pH of breast muscle and ash percentage of tibia bone. The diameter of breast muscle fibres and also weight and weight length index of tibia bone significantly increased with 12 and 15 g/kg MOLP. The water holding capacity (WHC) of breast muscle was significantly higher with 9 and 15 g/kg MOLP; whereas robusticity index of tibia bone significantly decreased with 12 and 15 g/kg MOLP inclusion compared to the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (12g/kg) increased pH, water holding capacity, and muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle and also weight, ash percentage and density indices of tibia bone in broiler chickens.

Moringa oleifera inhibits growth of Candida spp. and Hortaea werneckii isolated from Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn farming with a wide margin of safety / Moringa oleifera inibe o crescimento de Candida spp. e Hortaea werneckii isoladas da criação de camarões Macrobrachium amazonicum com ampla margem de segurança

This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of M. oleifera extracts against fungi isolated from farmed prawns and test the toxicity of the extracts on larvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum. The ethanol extracts of pods, seeds, leaves, stems and flowers and chloroform extract of flowers of M. oleifera were tested against 14 strains of Candida spp. and 10 strains of Hortaea werneckii isolated from farming water and the digestive tract of M. amazonicum. Antifungal activity was determined by microdilution, based on the M27-A3 and M38-A2 CLSI documents. Toxicity was evaluated by exposing larvae of M. amazonicum at concentrations between 10-1000mg mL-1, counting dead larvae (CL50) after 24 hours. The best results were verified with the chloroform extract of flowers, acting against all tested strains, with MICs ranging from 0.019 to 2.5 mg mL-1. Ethanol extracts of leaves, flowers and seeds acted against 22/24, 21/24 and 20/24 strains, respectively. The extract of pods was only effective against strains of Candida spp. (14/24) and extract of stem only against four strains of H. werneckii (4/24). Extracts of seeds, flowers (chloroform fraction), stems and leaves showed low or no toxicity, whereas extracts of pods and flowers (ethanol fraction) showed moderate toxicity. Thus, the antifungal activity of these extracts agaisnt Candida spp. and H. werneckii was observed, a wide margin of safety for larvae of M. amazonicum, demonstrating to be promising for the sustainable management of effluents from M. amazonicum farming.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica de extratos de M. oleifera frente a fungos isolados de camarões, cultivados em água doce, e testar a toxicidade dos extratos em larvas de Macrobrachium amazonicum. Os extratos etanólicos de vagens, sementes, folhas, caules e flores e o extrato clorofórmico de flores de M. oleifera foram testados contra 14 cepas de Candida spp. e 10 cepas de Hortaea werneckii isolados da água de cultivo e do trato digestório de M. amazonicum. A atividade antifúngica foi determinada por microdiluição, com base nos documentos M27-A3 e M38-A2 do CLSI. A toxicidade foi avaliada por exposição das larvas de M. amazonicum a concentrações entre 10-1000 mg mL-1 dos extratos, realizando contagem de larvas mortas (CL50), após 24 horas. Os melhores resultados foram verificados com o extrato clorofórmico de flores, agindo frente a todas as cepas testadas, com concentrações inibitórias mínimas variando entre 0,019-2,5 mg mL-1. O extrato etanólico de folhas, flores e sementes agiu ante 22/24, 21/24 e 20/24 cepas, respectivamente. O extrato de vagens foi eficaz contra cepas de Candida spp. (14/24) e o extrato de caule apenas contra quatro cepas de H. werneckii (4/24). Os extratos de sementes, flores (fração clorofórmica), caules e folhas apresentaram baixa ou nenhuma toxicidade, enquanto que extratos de vagens e flores (fração etanólica) apresentaram toxicidade moderada. Assim, observou-se atividade antifúngica dos extratos em Candida spp . e H. werneckii com uma ampla margem de segurança para as larvas de M. amazonicum, demonstrando ser promissor para o manejo sustentável dos efluentes do cultivo de M. amazonicum.(AU)

O extrato de sementes de moringa oleifera e radiação solar no tratamento de água destinada ao consumo humano using moringa oleífera / Seed extract and solar radiation in the treatment of water intended for human consumption

Avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de amostras de água em comunidades que utilizam águas de fontes alternativas para o consumo humano, utilizando extrato de sementes de Moringa oleifera e radiação solar, além de fornecer subsídios para o uso destes tratamentos. MÉTODOS: O método dos tubos múltiplos foi utilizado para determinar o número mais provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes e a quantificação de microrganismos mesófilos em nove amostras de água provenientes de fontes alternativas (poços). Tais amostras foram obtidas na cidade de Cruz das Almas, localizada na região do Recôncavo, no estado da Bahia, Brasil. RESULTADOS: O número de amostras da água tratadas com sementes de moringa e expostas ao sol por duas, cinco e doze horas apresentaram redução nas concentrações de CT/CF de 1,52 log (56,51%), 1,88 log (64,83%) e de 2,14 log (71,33%), respectivamente. Já a taxa de redução para os microrganismos mesófilos após exposição ao sol de duas, cinco e doze horas foram respectivamente de 0,24 log (11,60%), 0,18 log (10,11%) e de 1,25 log (65,78%). CONCLUSÕES: A radiação solar foi eficiente na remoção bacteriana, porém usada concomitantemente com o extrato das sementes de Moringa oleifera não foi eficiente para reduzir a carga de coliformes termotolerantes a zero. Apenas a redução dos microrganismos mesófilos alcançou os níveis determinados por lei

To evaluate the microbiological quality of water samples in communities that use alternative sources of water for human consumption treated with Moringa oleifera seed extract and solar radiation, and to provide subsidies for using these treatments. METHODS: The multiple tube method was used to determine the most probable number of total coliforms and thermotolerant mesophile microorganisms in nine water samples from alternative sources (wells). These samples were obtained in Cruz das Almas, in the Reconcavo Baiano region, state of Bahia, Brazil. RESULTS: The number of water samples treated with Moringa seeds and exposed to the sun for two, five and twelve hours showed a reduction in the concentrations of TC/FC 1.52 log (56.51%), 1.88 log (64.83%) and 2.14 log (71.33%), respectively. The reduction rate of mesophile microorganisms after sun exposure for two, five and twelve hours were 0.24 log (11.60%), 0.18 log (10.11%) and 1.25 log (65.78%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although solar radiation was effective in removing bacteria, the concomitant use with Moringa oleifera seeds extract was not effective to reduce fecal coliform load to zero. Therefore, only mesophile microorganisms reached the levels required by the legislation

O extrato de sementes de moringa oleifera e radiação solar no tratamento de água destinada ao consumo humano using moringa oleífera / Seed extract and solar radiation in the treatment of water intended for human consumption

Avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de amostras de água em comunidades que utilizam águas de fontes alternativas para o consumo humano, utilizando extrato de sementes de Moringa oleifera e radiação solar, além de fornecer subsídios para o uso destes tratamentos. MÉTODOS: O método dos tubos múltiplos foi utilizado para determinar o número mais provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes e a quantificação de microrganismos mesófilos em nove amostras de água provenientes de fontes alternativas (poços). Tais amostras foram obtidas na cidade de Cruz das Almas, localizada na região do Recôncavo, no estado da Bahia, Brasil. RESULTADOS: O número de amostras da água tratadas com sementes de moringa e expostas ao sol por duas, cinco e doze horas apresentaram redução nas concentrações de CT/CF de 1,52 log (56,51%), 1,88 log (64,83%) e de 2,14 log (71,33%), respectivamente. Já a taxa de redução para os microrganismos mesófilos após exposição ao sol de duas, cinco e doze horas foram respectivamente de 0,24 log (11,60%), 0,18 log (10,11%) e de 1,25 log (65,78%). CONCLUSÕES: A radiação solar foi eficiente na remoção bacteriana, porém usada concomitantemente com o extrato das sementes de Moringa oleifera não foi eficiente para reduzir a carga de coliformes termotolerantes a zero. Apenas a redução dos microrganismos mesófilos alcançou os níveis determinados por lei(AU)

To evaluate the microbiological quality of water samples in communities that use alternative sources of water for human consumption treated with Moringa oleifera seed extract and solar radiation, and to provide subsidies for using these treatments. METHODS: The multiple tube method was used to determine the most probable number of total coliforms and thermotolerant mesophile microorganisms in nine water samples from alternative sources (wells). These samples were obtained in Cruz das Almas, in the Reconcavo Baiano region, state of Bahia, Brazil. RESULTS: The number of water samples treated with Moringa seeds and exposed to the sun for two, five and twelve hours showed a reduction in the concentrations of TC/FC 1.52 log (56.51%), 1.88 log (64.83%) and 2.14 log (71.33%), respectively. The reduction rate of mesophile microorganisms after sun exposure for two, five and twelve hours were 0.24 log (11.60%), 0.18 log (10.11%) and 1.25 log (65.78%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although solar radiation was effective in removing bacteria, the concomitant use with Moringa oleifera seeds extract was not effective to reduce fecal coliform load to zero. Therefore, only mesophile microorganisms reached the levels required by the legislation(AU)