Brain damage and congenital cataract due to autogenously fecal peritonitis in pregnant Wistar rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the morphological aspects of brain and eyes in newborn rats whose mother underwent autogenously fecal peritonitis. METHODS: Four pregnant rats that underwent fecal peritonitis, with a 10% fecal suspension in dose of 4 ml per kilogram received two antimicrobial treatments: 1. intraperitoneal moxifloxacin and dexamethazone; and 2. Intravenous meropenem. After head inspection, the brain consistencies and the eyes belonging to all offspring were analyzed. RESULTS: The brains of newborn from rats that received 4 ml/kg of 10% suspension of feces showed, significantly smaller and less than the firm consistency of those in the control group. Congenital cataract was observed in 9 (34.6%). No cataract was observed in the 20 newborn rats from the mothers that received the combination of moxifloxacin and dexamethasone. Cataract could be observed in three (13.6%) offspring from mothers that received meropenem. CONCLUSIONS: Peritonitis can produce brain damage and congenital cataract in rats. The translation to humans is that intra abdominal infection in pregnant women may be associated with damage in brain and eye structures of their concepts. This can be averting using the adequate early therapeutically approach. .(AU)

Severe autogenously fecal peritonitis in Wistar rats with permanent bilateral carotid occlusion. Response to intra peritoneal moxifloxacin combined with dexamethasone

To evaluate the treatment outcome of severe peritonitis in rats submitted to permanent bilateral carotid occlusion (PBCO). METHODS: Sixteen Wistar rats (mean age of 8.5 months) with PBCO underwent autogenously fecal peritonitis, and were treated with moxifloxacin combined with dexamethasone, and followed-up for 45 days. Ten rats (mean age five months) without PBCO were used as a control group. The variables were expressed by their mean and standard error of the mean (SEM). p<0.05 was used for rejecting the null hypothesis. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p=0.0002) in the mortality and morbidity in older rats that underwent PBCO (study group). However, even among the survival rats presenting with severe residual abscesses both in the abdomen and thorax cavities, they present an almost normal life. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of severe autogenously fecal peritonitis with intraperitoneal moxifloxacin combined with dexamethasone was very effective in young rats without permanent bilateral carotid occlusion. The treatment reached reasonable results in older rats with PBCO, even considering residual abscesses on abdomen and thorax. Older age was the greater risk factor for the outcome of the treatment of severe peritonitis. Sepsis remains a challenging situation, especially in elderly.(AU)

A study of interleukin 6 IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-α serum levels in rats subjected to fecal peritonitis and treated with intraperitoneal ropivacaine / Avaliação dos níveis séricos de interleucina 6 (IL-6) e fator de necrose tumoral TNF-α em ratos submetidos a peritonite fecal e tratado com ropivacaína intraperitoneal

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the cytokine serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in rats subjected to fecal peritonitis and treated with peritoneal lavage with 0.2% ropivacaine by peritoneal lavage. METHODS: We subjected 16 Wistar rats to laparotomy 6 hours after the induction of fecal peritonitis with autogenous stool and subsequently divided the rats randomly into 4 groups: I-control, no treatment; II- drying of the abdominal cavity; III- lavage of the abdominal cavity with 3 mL of 0.9% normal saline and drying; IV- lavage of the abdominal cavity with 3 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine and drying. Six hours following the laparotomy, the animals underwent cardiac puncture, and 1 mL of blood was collected for cytokine assessment before the animals were euthanized. RESULTS: The lavage with ropivacaine resulted in smaller TNF-α levels compared with those observed in the other treatment groups (p <0.05). Regarding IL-6, the ropivacaine group showed lower cytokine levels than those observed in groups I and II, but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between groups III and IV. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal lavage with 0.2% ropivacaine was shown to reduce plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the treatment of fecal peritonitis in rats.(AU)

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as dosagens séricas das citocinas Il-6 e TNF-α em ratos submetidos à peritonite fecal e tratados com lavagem peritoneal com ropivacaína a 0,2%. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 16 ratos Wistar, submetidos à laparotomia 6 horas após a indução de peritonite fecal com fezes autógenas, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: I- Controle, nenhum tratamento; II- Enxugamento da cavidade abdominal; III- Lavagem da cavidade abdominal com 3 ml de solução salina 0,9% e enxugamento; IV- Lavagem da cavidade abdominal com 3 ml de ropivacaína a 0,2% e enxugamento. Seis horas após a laparotomia os animais foram submetidos à punção cardíaca com retirada de 1 mL de sangue para a dosagem das citocinas e, a seguir, eutanasiados. RESULTADOS: A lavagem com ropivacaína apresentou valores de TNF-α menores do que os observados com os outros tratamentos (p<0,05). Em relação aos valores da IL-6, o grupo da ropivacaína apresentou valores menores do que os observados com os grupos I e II, mas não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) em relação ao grupo III. CONCLUSÃO: A lavagem peritoneal com ropivacaína a 0,2% no tratamento da peritonite fecal em ratos demonstrou reduzir os níveis plasmáticos de IL-6 e do TNF-α.(AU)

Effects of short term fasting on the evolution of fecal peritonitis in mice / Efeitos de jejum de curta duração na evolução de peritonite fecal em camundongos

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of 72 hours food suppression on the evolution of fecal peritonitis in mice evaluating the mortality and measuring the number and size of abscesses formed into the peritoneal cavity. METHODS: Mice receiving commercial diet and water ad libitum (control group, N=35) and mice fasted during 72 h (N=35), receiving only water ad libitum, were inoculated by i.p. route, with 4uL/g body weight of a fecal suspension diluted 1:6 or 1:9 in 0.15M NaCl solution (1:6 dilution, 22 controls and 18 fasted; 1:9 dilution, 13 controls and 17 fasted). Animals were followed up until two weeks after fecal inoculation, when the survivors were euthanized for evaluation of the number and size of intra-peritoneal abscesses. Mortality was evaluated by Kaplan Meyer curves. RESULTS: Mortality was significantly higher in fasted groups than in controls. However the number and size of abscesses were significantly less in fasted groups than in controls. CONCLUSION: Seventy two hours food suppression increased the susceptibility to endotoxic shock (high mortality after peritonitis induction) and the resistance to infection with fecal microorganisms (less number and size of intra-peritoneal abscesses).(AU)

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito de jejum de 72 horas na evolução de peritonite fecal em camundongos, avaliando a mortalidade e o número e tamanho dos abscessos formados na cavidade peritoneal. MÉTODOS: Camundongos recebendo dieta ad libitum (grupo controle, N=35) e camundongos submetidos a jejum durante 72h (N=35) foram inoculados, por via intraperitoenal, com 4uL/g de peso corporal de uma suspensão de fezes diluída a 1:6 ou 1:9 em NaCl 15M (diluição 1:6, 22 controles e 18 jejum; diluição 1:9, 13 controles e 17 jejum). Os animais foram acompanhados até duas semanas após a inoculação das fezes quando eram eutanaziados para avaliação do número e tamanho dos abscessos intraperitoneais. A mortalidade foi avaliada através das curvas de Kaplan Meyer. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade foi significativamente maior nos animais submetidos ao jejum. No entanto o número e tamanho dos abscessos foram significativamente menores neste grupo. CONCLUSÃO: O jejum de 72 horas aumentou a susceptibilidade ao choque endotóxico (maior mortalidade nas primeiras 48 horas) e aumento da resistência aos microorganismos fecais (menor número e tamanho dos abscessos intraperitoneais).(AU)

Influence of laparoscopy and laparotomy on gasometry, leukocytes and cytokines in a rat abdominal sepsis model / Influência da laparoscopia e laparotomia na gasometria, leucócitos e citocinas em modelo de sepse abdominal em ratos

OBJETIVO: A cirurgia laparoscópica está associada com trauma reduzido e baixa resposta na fase aguda do trauma, quando comparada com a cirurgia aberta. As citocinas e o balanço ácido-base são fatores importantes da resposta biológica ao trauma cirúrgico-anestésico. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se o pneumoperitôneo com CO2 altera a expressão das citocinas, a gasometria e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos em ratos com sepse abdominal. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 5 grupos: controle (somente anestesia), laparotomia, pneumoperitôneo com CO2, ligadura e punção do ceco por laparotomia, ligadura e punção do ceco por laparoscopia. Após 30 minutos dos procedimentos, sangue arterial foi colhido para leucometria diferencial em hemocitômetro. TNFa, IL-1ß e IL-6 foram dosadas no líquido intraperitoneal (por ELISA). Os parâmetros gasosos foram medidos no sangue arterial e nos exsudatos intraperitoneal e subperitoneal. RESULTADOS: Os valores de TNFa, IL-1ß e IL-6 foram significantemente menores nos ratos submetidos ao pneumoperitôneo do que em todos os outros grupos (p<0.05). Expressão de TNFa, IL-1ß e IL-6 foi menor no grupo sepse induzida por laparoscopia do que por laparotomia (p<0.05). Os ratos submetidos a ligadura e punção do ceco via laparoscópica desenvolveram acidose hipercárbica no sangue arterial e exsudato subperitoneal, mais intensa do que no grupo sepse laparotômica. Leucopenia e linfopenia foram mais acentuadas no grupo sepse laparoscópica (p<0.01). Entretanto, os animais submetidos a sepse laparotômica desenvolveram significante aumento de neutrófilos e eosinófilos quando comparados com os controles (p<0.05). CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo demonstrou que o pneumoperitôneo com CO2 contribuiu para reduzir a resposta inflamatória em ratos submetidos a modelo de sepse abdominal, no que diz respeito à expressão de citocinas intraperitoneais e leucometria diferencial. O pneumoperitôneo também contribuiu para instalação ...(AU)

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with reduced surgical trauma, and less acute phase response, as compared with open surgery. Cytokines are important regulators of the biological response to surgical and anesthetic stress. The aim of this study was to determine if CO2 pneumoperitoneum would change cytokine expression, gas parameters and leukocyte count in septic rats.METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control (anesthesia only), laparotomy, CO2 pneumoperitoneum, cecum ligation and puncture by laparotomy, and laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture. After 30 min of the procedures, arterial blood samples were obtained to determine leukocytes subpopulations by hemocytometer. TNFa, IL-1ß, IL-6 were determined in intraperitoneal fluid (by ELISA). Gas parameters were measured on arterial blood, intraperitoneal and subperitoneal exsudates.RESULTS: Peritoneal TNFa, IL-1ß and IL-6 concentrations were lower in pneumoperitoneum rats than in all other groups (p<0.05). TNFa, IL-1ß and IL-6 expression was lower in the laparoscopic than in laparotomic sepsis (p<0.05). Rats from laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture group developed significant hypercarbic acidosis in blood and subperitoneal fluid when compared to open procedure group. Total white blood cells and lymphocytes were significantly lower in laparoscopic cecum ligation and puncture rats than in the laparotomic (p<0.01). Nevertheless, the laparotomic cecum ligation rats had a significant increase in blood neutrophils and eosinophils when compared with controls (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the CO2 pneumoperitoneum reduced the inflammatory response in an animal model of peritonitis with respect to intraperitoneal cytokines, white blood cell count and clinical correlates of sepsis. The pneumoperitoneum produced hypercarbic acidosis in septic animals.(AU)

Peritonite pós-cobertura m cadela Boxer apresentand síndrome de ovário remanescente (SOR) / Post breeding peritonitis in a boxer bitoh with in ovarian remnat syndrome

A síndrome do ovário remanescente (SOR) é definida como a persistência da atividade ovariana em fêmeas castradas cirurgicamente (OSH), nas quais permanece parte ou todo o ovário que se vasculariza, tornando-se funcional, podendo ocorrer em gatas e cadelas. Esta condição proporciona a continuação de sinais indesejáveis ligados ao estro, como atração de machos, secreção saguinolenta, inquietação, pseudociese, dentre outros. O tratamento definitivo desta síndrome é a remoção cirúrgica do tecido ovariano presente. Não há referências na literatura sobre as consequências de uma possível cobertura e o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de peritonite em cadela portadora de SOR após monta natural.(AU)

The ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) is defined as the persistence of ovarian activity in females surgically spayed, which part or the entire ovary remain after the surgical procedure and happens a neo vascular formation and it back to an activity, syndrome that can occurs in cats and dogs. This condition leads to a return to all undesirable signs of estrus, like male attraction, vaginal secretion (proestral bleeding), anxiety, pseudocyesis, among other symptoms. The recommended treatment is the surgical removal of the remaining ovary tissue. However, this procedure should be performed at the estrogenic stage of the cycle, when the remaining ovary tissue has follicles which make it bigger, facilitating its location. There is no references found broaching the consequences of a undesirable breeding and the objective of this article was to report a case of peritonitis in a bitch with ORS after natural breeding.(AU)

Peritonite pós-cobertura m cadela Boxer apresentand síndrome de ovário remanescente (SOR) / Post breeding peritonitis in a boxer bitoh with in ovarian remnat syndrome

A síndrome do ovário remanescente (SOR) é definida como a persistência da atividade ovariana em fêmeas castradas cirurgicamente (OSH), nas quais permanece parte ou todo o ovário que se vasculariza, tornando-se funcional, podendo ocorrer em gatas e cadelas. Esta condição proporciona a continuação de sinais indesejáveis ligados ao estro, como atração de machos, secreção saguinolenta, inquietação, pseudociese, dentre outros. O tratamento definitivo desta síndrome é a remoção cirúrgica do tecido ovariano presente. Não há referências na literatura sobre as consequências de uma possível cobertura e o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de peritonite em cadela portadora de SOR após monta natural.

The ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) is defined as the persistence of ovarian activity in females surgically spayed, which part or the entire ovary remain after the surgical procedure and happens a neo vascular formation and it back to an activity, syndrome that can occurs in cats and dogs. This condition leads to a return to all undesirable signs of estrus, like male attraction, vaginal secretion (proestral bleeding), anxiety, pseudocyesis, among other symptoms. The recommended treatment is the surgical removal of the remaining ovary tissue. However, this procedure should be performed at the estrogenic stage of the cycle, when the remaining ovary tissue has follicles which make it bigger, facilitating its location. There is no references found broaching the consequences of a undesirable breeding and the objective of this article was to report a case of peritonitis in a bitch with ORS after natural breeding.