Pyometra in queens - changes in haemato-biochemical parameters

Background: Pyometra is a bacterial and hormone-induced reproductive disease that occurs in the post-estrus luteal phase in intact queens. Pyometra is more common in the diestrus period due to the high progesterone concentration (in queens that mated, spontaneously ovulated, or were induced to ovulate). However, it can also be seen due to the use of exogenous hormones such as progesterone for the suppression of estrus. More research is needed in cases of pyometra in queens, as well as in bitches. Because, considering that the pathogenesis and characteristics of feline pyometra is similar to bitches, studies on pyometra-affected bitches are taken as reference in studies and applications on queens. From this point of view, the aims of this study were to reveal the changes in complete blood count, blood gas, and serum biochemistry parameters in feline pyometra cases and to determine the correlation between the mentioned parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 25 female cats of different breeds were used, between the ages of 6 months and 7 years, 15 were diagnosed with pyometra, and 10 healthy. Anamnesis, clinical findings, and ultrasonographic examinations were used in the diagnosis of pyometra. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on queens brought to the clinic with complaints such as anorexia, polydipsia, polyuria, abdominal tension, and fever. The control group (n =10) consisted of queens that were introduced to the clinic and were reproductively healthy. Before any treatment in queens with pyometra and the control group, 1 mL blood samples were taken from v. cephalica to evaluate complete blood count, blood gases and serum biochemistry parameters. In complete WBC, Lym, Mon, Gra, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH and PLT parameters and, blood gas parameters such as pH, pCO2 , pO2 , sO2 , Na, K, Cl, lactate, glucose, HCO3 , and BE were also evaluated in taken blood samples. Biochemical parameters BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, amylase, T.BIL, D.BIL, P, CHOL, TG, LDH, TP, CPK, ALP, Ca, GGT were measured in serum samples. After examination and laboratory analysis, ovariohysterectomy was performed on queens as a treatment. Granulocyte, WBC, HCT and MCH levels of the pyometra group were higher (P < 0.05) and Lym levels were lower (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. According to these results, pH, HCO3 , and BE were lower (P < 0.05) in queens with pyometra than those in the control group, while Na and lactate parameters were higher (P < 0.05). According to the results of biochemical analysis, it was determined that BUN, creatinine levels, GGT, and LDH enzyme activities were found to be higher in the pyometra group compared to the control group, while the Ca level was found to be low (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between BUN and creatinine and LDH, WBC, granulocyte, HCT, and lactate, and a negative correlation between lymphocytes, pH, and BE in the correlation analysis performed on queens with pyometra and control group. However, a positive correlation was observed between creatinine and LDH and HCT, and a negative correlation between lymphocyte, pH and BE. Discussion: There is not enough information about pyometra in queens. As a result, it was determined that there were significant changes in complete blood count, blood gases and serum biochemical parameters in queens with pyometra in this study. These changes were generally thought to be related to dehydration and sepsis or endotoxemia. In addition, it was evaluated that prerenal azotemia occurring in pyometra affected queens may cause renal dysfunction. For this reason, it is thought that the results obtained in the presented study may contribute to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pyometra cases in queens.

Piometras em cadelas: relação entre o prognóstico clínico e o diagnóstico laboratorial / Pyometra in bitches: relationship between clinical prognosis and laboratory diagnosis

Piometra é uma afecção resultante da interação bacteriana com a hiperplasia cística do endométrio. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar bactérias em condições de aerobiose e anaerobiose da secreção intrauterina de cadelas com piometra, presença da síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, status da cérvix, peritonite, dosagens bioquímicas séricas e comparar com o prognóstico de cadelas tratadas cirurgicamente. Utilizaram-se 15 cadelas com piometra, submetidas à ovariohisterectomia. Hemogramas e dosagens séricas de ureia, creatinina, FA e ALT foram realizados no pré-operatório imediato. Coletou-se urina por cistocentese. Após a remoção do útero e ovários, a secreção intrauterina foi aspirada; as amostras foram então cultivadas em aerobiose e anaerobiose, as amostras de urina em aerobiose. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, G1 (alta hospitalar em até 48 horas) e G2 (alta hospitalar após 48 horas ou óbito). Onze amostras de conteúdo intrauterino (73,3%) apresentaram crescimento bacteriano em aerobiose e anaerobiose e em uma amostra isolou-se Arizona hinshawii. Quatro amostras de urina (26,6%) tiveram crescimento bacteriano. Houve diferença significativa das variáveis status da cérvix, ureia, creatinina e fosfatase alcalina entre G1 e G2. Embora a diversidade etiológica encontrada nas culturas de conteúdo intrauterino tenha sido alta, a avaliação da azotemia, status da cérvix e dosagem de FA sérica mostraram-se bons marcadores prognósticos em cadelas com piometra.

Pyometra is a disease resulting from bacterial interaction with cystic endometrial hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions of intrauterine secretion of bitches with pyometra, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, status of the cervix, peritonitis, serum biochemical measurements and to compare the prognosis of surgically treated bitches. We used 15 bitches with pyometra, undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Blood count and dosage of serum biochemicals were performed preoperatively. Urine was collected by cystocentesis during surgery. After the uterus was removed, intrauterine secretion was aspirated; the samples were grown aerobically and anaerobically, and urine aerobically. The animals were divided into two groups, G1 (hospital discharge until 48 hours) and G2 (discharged after 48 hours or death). Eleven samples of intrauterine content (73.3%) had bacterial growth in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and Arizona hinshawii was isolated in a sample. Four urine samples (26.6%) had bacterial growth. There were significant differences in status of the cervix, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase between G1 and G2. Although the etiology diversity found in intrauterine cultures was high, the evaluation of azotemia, status of the cervix, and serum alkaline phosphatase dosage proved to be good prognostics markers in female dogs with pyometra.

Piometras em cadelas: relação entre o prognóstico clínico e o diagnóstico laboratorial / Pyometra in bitches: relationship between clinical prognosis and laboratory diagnosis

Piometra é uma afecção resultante da interação bacteriana com a hiperplasia cística do endométrio. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar bactérias em condições de aerobiose e anaerobiose da secreção intrauterina de cadelas com piometra, presença da síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, status da cérvix, peritonite, dosagens bioquímicas séricas e comparar com o prognóstico de cadelas tratadas cirurgicamente. Utilizaram-se 15 cadelas com piometra, submetidas à ovariohisterectomia. Hemogramas e dosagens séricas de ureia, creatinina, FA e ALT foram realizados no pré-operatório imediato. Coletou-se urina por cistocentese. Após a remoção do útero e ovários, a secreção intrauterina foi aspirada; as amostras foram então cultivadas em aerobiose e anaerobiose, as amostras de urina em aerobiose. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, G1 (alta hospitalar em até 48 horas) e G2 (alta hospitalar após 48 horas ou óbito). Onze amostras de conteúdo intrauterino (73,3%) apresentaram crescimento bacteriano em aerobiose e anaerobiose e em uma amostra isolou-se Arizona hinshawii. Quatro amostras de urina (26,6%) tiveram crescimento bacteriano. Houve diferença significativa das variáveis status da cérvix, ureia, creatinina e fosfatase alcalina entre G1 e G2. Embora a diversidade etiológica encontrada nas culturas de conteúdo intrauterino tenha sido alta, a avaliação da azotemia, status da cérvix e dosagem de FA sérica mostraram-se bons marcadores prognósticos em cadelas com piometra.(AU)

Pyometra is a disease resulting from bacterial interaction with cystic endometrial hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to identify bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions of intrauterine secretion of bitches with pyometra, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, status of the cervix, peritonitis, serum biochemical measurements and to compare the prognosis of surgically treated bitches. We used 15 bitches with pyometra, undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Blood count and dosage of serum biochemicals were performed preoperatively. Urine was collected by cystocentesis during surgery. After the uterus was removed, intrauterine secretion was aspirated; the samples were grown aerobically and anaerobically, and urine aerobically. The animals were divided into two groups, G1 (hospital discharge until 48 hours) and G2 (discharged after 48 hours or death). Eleven samples of intrauterine content (73.3%) had bacterial growth in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and Arizona hinshawii was isolated in a sample. Four urine samples (26.6%) had bacterial growth. There were significant differences in status of the cervix, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase between G1 and G2. Although the etiology diversity found in intrauterine cultures was high, the evaluation of azotemia, status of the cervix, and serum alkaline phosphatase dosage proved to be good prognostics markers in female dogs with pyometra.(AU)

La comprensión de los cambios hematológicos a un signo clinico de piometra: estudio de un caso / Understanding hematologic changes in a pyometra frame: study of a case report / Entendendo as alterações hematológicas em um quadro de piometra: estudo de um relato de caso

La presencia de cambios tóxicos en los neutrófilos indica neutropoiese aceleración y se asocia con inflamación severa y bacteriana. El leucograma raramente proporciona informaciones de caráter patognomónico antecedentes de una enfermedad, sin embargo, se sabe que la información en este análisis proporciona subvenciones que ayudan al médico a hacer un diagnóstico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este informe es describir y analizar los cambios hematológicos en uno de los marcos de las más altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la clínica veterinaria de rutina, caso de piometra , destacando los cambios morfológicos que pueden conducir a la terapia y el pronóstico paciente.(AU)

The presence of toxic changes in neutrophils indicates acceleration neutropoiese and is associated with severe inflammation and bacterial. The WBC rarely pathognomonic provide background information of an illness, however, it is known that the information in this analysis provide subsidies that help the clinician in making a diagnosis. In this sense, the objective of this report was to describe and discuss the hematological changes in one of the frames of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in routine veterinary clinic, pyometra framework, highlighting the WBC morphological changes that can lead to therapy and prognosis patient.(AU)

A presença de alterações tóxicas em neutrófilos indica aceleração da neutropoiese e está associada a intensos processos inflamatórios e bacterianos. O leucograma raramente fornecerá informações de caráter patognomônico de uma enfermidade, no entanto, sabe-se que as informações contidas nessa análise fornecem subsídios ao clínico que auxiliam na elaboração de diagnóstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever e discutir as alterações hematológicas em um dos quadros de maiores índices de morbidade e mortalidade na rotina da clínica veterinária, o quadro de piometra, destacando as alterações morfológicas leucocitárias que podem conduzir a terapêutica e o prognóstico do paciente.(AU)

La comprensión de los cambios hematológicos a un signo clinico de piometra: estudio de un caso / Understanding hematologic changes in a pyometra frame: study of a case report / Entendendo as alterações hematológicas em um quadro de piometra: estudo de um relato de caso

La presencia de cambios tóxicos en los neutrófilos indica neutropoiese aceleración y se asocia con inflamación severa y bacteriana. El leucograma raramente proporciona informaciones de caráter patognomónico antecedentes de una enfermedad, sin embargo, se sabe que la información en este análisis proporciona subvenciones que ayudan al médico a hacer un diagnóstico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este informe es describir y analizar los cambios hematológicos en uno de los marcos de las más altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la clínica veterinaria de rutina, caso de piometra , destacando los cambios morfológicos que pueden conducir a la terapia y el pronóstico paciente.

The presence of toxic changes in neutrophils indicates acceleration neutropoiese and is associated with severe inflammation and bacterial. The WBC rarely pathognomonic provide background information of an illness, however, it is known that the information in this analysis provide subsidies that help the clinician in making a diagnosis. In this sense, the objective of this report was to describe and discuss the hematological changes in one of the frames of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in routine veterinary clinic, pyometra framework, highlighting the WBC morphological changes that can lead to therapy and prognosis patient.

A presença de alterações tóxicas em neutrófilos indica aceleração da neutropoiese e está associada a intensos processos inflamatórios e bacterianos. O leucograma raramente fornecerá informações de caráter patognomônico de uma enfermidade, no entanto, sabe-se que as informações contidas nessa análise fornecem subsídios ao clínico que auxiliam na elaboração de diagnóstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever e discutir as alterações hematológicas em um dos quadros de maiores índices de morbidade e mortalidade na rotina da clínica veterinária, o quadro de piometra, destacando as alterações morfológicas leucocitárias que podem conduzir a terapêutica e o prognóstico do paciente.