Cutaneous pythiosis in equines in the Amazon Biome / Pitiose cutânea em equídeos no Bioma Amazônico

The study aimed to describe the clinicopathological aspects of 37 cases of pythiosis, 34 in horses and three in mules, from properties located in the Amazon biome of Pará, Brazil. The clinical signs observed in the animals were weakness, poor-to-regular nutritional status, pale mucous membranes, itching at the lesion site, and lameness when the limbs were affected. The lesions were located on the lips, nostrils, rib region, thoracic and abdominal walls, scapular, distal limbs, foreskin, perineum and udder. Macroscopically, ulcerative and granulation-tissue-like masses were observed, with fistulous tracts filled with yellowish and foul-smelling serosanguinous discharges. In the biopsy, it was possible to visualize white and firm areas with foci of yellowish necrotic material and hardened masses, called kunkers. The histopathological examination showed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with the presence of Pythium insidiosum hyphae, which were impregnated with black, confirming the diagnosis of pythiosis in equids in the Amazon biome, being the first report of the disease in mules in the region.

O trabalho objetivou descrever os aspectos clínico-patológicos de 37 casos suspeitos de pitiose, 34 em equinos e três em muares, provenientes de propriedades localizadas no Pará, bioma amazônico brasileiro. Os sinais clínicos observados nos animais eram caracterizados por debilidade, estado nutricional de ruim a regular, mucosas pálidas, prurido no local da lesão, além de claudicação quando os membros foram acometidos. As lesões eram localizadas nos lábios, narinas, região das costelas, parede torácica e abdominal, escapular, distais dos membros, prepúcio, períneo e úbere. Macroscopicamente observavam-se extensas lesões ulceradas com intensa proliferação de tecido de granulação, de bordos irregulares, com tratos fistulosos, de consistência firme, denominados de "kunkers", preenchidos com material amarelado e friável, possuindo exsudação serossanguinolenta de odor fétido. Ao exame histopatológico observou-se reação inflamatória piogranulomatosa com presença de hifas de Pythium insidiosum, as quais se impregnaram de negro, confirmando o diagnóstico de pitiose em equídeos no Bioma Amazônico, sendo o primeiro relato da doença em muares na região.

Pitiose gástrica em canino jovem / Gastric pythiosis in a young canine

Pitiose gástrica canina é uma afecção crônica granulomatosa causada pelo pseudo-fungo Pythium insidiosum que ocasiona espessamento trasnsmural do estômago. Relata-se um caso de gastrite fúngica em um canino dobermann de 1 ano, macho, atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, campus Sinop-MT, com sinais clínicos de diarreia escura intermitente, regurgitação, êmese e anorexia progressiva por cerca de três meses. No exame ultrassonográfico, observou espessamento gástrico difuso. Devido ao prognóstico ruim, foi realizado eutanásia. Na macroscopia, havia espessamento difuso da parede do estômago e petéquias multifocais por toda a mucosa. Na microscopia havia acentuado infiltrado inflamatório granulomatoso por toda a submucosa e muscular. Foi realizado coloração de metenamina nitrato de prata de Grocott (GMS), com evidenciação de hifas cenocíticas, raras septação e diâmetro de 6-10µm. A confirmação do diagnóstico e identificação do agente foi realizado através Imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo primário para Pythium insidiosum.

Canine gastric pythiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by the insidious pythi fungus that causes stomach thickening. We report a case of fungal gastritis in a 1-year-old male progressive Doberman canine treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop-MT campus, with clinical signs of intermittent diarrhea, regurgitation, vomiting and anorexia for about three months. On ultrasound examination, diffuse gastric thickening was observed. Due to the poor prognosis, euthanasia was performed. Macroscopically, there was diffuse thickening of the stomach wall and multifocal petechiae throughout the mucosa. On microscopy, there was a marked granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate throughout the submucosa and muscle Production of Grocott silver nitrate methenamine (GMS) was performed with evidence of cenocytic hyphae, rare septation and diameter of 6-10µm. Confirmation of the diagnosis and identification of the agent was performed through Immunohistochemistry with primary antibody to Pythium insidiosum.

Canine gastrointestinal pythiosis: a case report in Brazilian Pantanal from a diagnostic approach / Pitiose gastrointestinal canina: relato de caso no Pantanal brasileiro a partir de uma abordagem diagnóstica

Pythiosis is caused by an aquatic fungus-like organism (Pythium insidiosum). It is considered an important public health issue as it can affect both animals and humans. This paper reports a case of gastrointestinal pythiosis in a dog. The patient was hospitalized for four days, during which the animal received supportive and symptomatic treatment. But the applied treatment was unsuccessful and the dog's clinical condition worsened, culminating in death. Complementary imaging tests such as radiography and ultrasonography, as well as hematological tests, were performed during the hospitalization period. The definitive diagnosis was reached in the postmortem as macroscopic and microscopic characteristics suggested the presence of intestinal granuloma and accentuated multifocal suppurative necrotic enteritis. Additionally, the histological evaluation revealed morphological structures compatible with P. insidiosum. Also, the results of nested PCR performed showed partial amplification (105 bp) of the ITS1 region of the ribosomal gene of P. insidiosum.(AU)

A pitiose é causada por um organismo aquático semelhante a um fungo (Pythium insidiosum) e considerada um importante problema de saúde pública, pois pode afetar animais e humanos. Este artigo relata um caso de pitiose gastrointestinal em um cão. O paciente ficou internado por quatro dias, período em que o animal recebeu tratamento de suporte e sintomático. No entanto, o tratamento aplicado não teve sucesso e o quadro clínico do cão piorou, culminando com a morte. Exames de imagem complementares, como radiografia e ultrassonografia, bem como exames hematológicos, foram realizados durante o período de internação. O diagnóstico definitivo foi feito na autópsia, pois as características macroscópicas e microscópicas sugeriam a presença de granuloma intestinal e acentuada enterite necrótica multifocal supurativa. Além disso, a avaliação histológica revelou estruturas morfológicas compatíveis com P. insidiosum. Além disso, a nested PCR foi realizada e mostrou amplificação parcial (105 pb) da região ITS1 do gene ribossomal de P. insidiosum.(AU)

Metastatic calcification and granulomatous grastroenteritis associated to Pythium insidiosum in a dog

Pythiosis is a granulomatous process of which the oomycete Pythium insidiosum is its etiological agent. It can affect animals and humans alike and its infection occurs when free zoospores in the water get in contact with the target tissues and encyst. The disease often occurs in tropical places with abundance of water and aquatic plants that host the fungus. Dogs infection is predominantly gastric with granuloma formations in the stomach and intestine with progressive signs of vomiting, weight loss and diarrhea. In this case report, we described clinical, surgical, necroscopic and histopathological findings of a one year and two months old, male boxer that presented clinical signs of anorexia and persistent vomiting. It was noticed on ultrasound examination an increase in stomach and intestine thickness. Laparotomy confirmed a mass affecting the gastric wall which, an incision biopsy, showed an abundant fibrous tissue associated with granulomatous reaction that was surrounded by tubuliform structures. Due to clinical complications, euthanasia was performed and in necroscopic examination a markedly increased stomach and duodenum was observed. An; histological examination of this areas it was observed that they contained granulation tissue with giant cells and epithelioids macrophages around necrosed areas associated with lymphocytes infiltrate. Also, it was possible to observe tubuliform structures by the Grocott-Gomori’s Methenamine Silver (GMS) stain, this finding is compatible with the agent Pythium insidiosum. Therefore, this presumptive identification was confirmed by PCR analysis which amplicon had 97.83% similarity with current available genomic sequence of P. insidiosum.

Metastatic calcification and granulomatous grastroenteritis associated to Pythium insidiosum in a dog

Pythiosis is a granulomatous process of which the oomycete Pythium insidiosum is its etiological agent. It can affect animals and humans alike and its infection occurs when free zoospores in the water get in contact with the target tissues and encyst. The disease often occurs in tropical places with abundance of water and aquatic plants that host the fungus. Dogs infection is predominantly gastric with granuloma formations in the stomach and intestine with progressive signs of vomiting, weight loss and diarrhea. In this case report, we described clinical, surgical, necroscopic and histopathological findings of a one year and two months old, male boxer that presented clinical signs of anorexia and persistent vomiting. It was noticed on ultrasound examination an increase in stomach and intestine thickness. Laparotomy confirmed a mass affecting the gastric wall which, an incision biopsy, showed an abundant fibrous tissue associated with granulomatous reaction that was surrounded by tubuliform structures. Due to clinical complications, euthanasia was performed and in necroscopic examination a markedly increased stomach and duodenum was observed. An; histological examination of this areas it was observed that they contained granulation tissue with giant cells and epithelioids macrophages around necrosed areas associated with lymphocytes infiltrate. Also, it was possible to observe tubuliform structures by the Grocott-Gomoris Methenamine Silver (GMS) stain, this finding is compatible with the agent Pythium insidiosum. Therefore, this presumptive identification was confirmed by PCR analysis which amplicon had 97.83% similarity with current available genomic sequence of P. insidiosum.(AU)

Segmental enteritis associated with Pythium insidiosum infection in a horse

Background: Pythiosis is an infectious disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum, with higher occurrence in wetlands and hot climate regions. This microorganism develops its cycle in aquatic plants, and most cases happen because of the contact of animals or people with water containing the motile zoospores (infectious form). Horses are the principal species affected and develop principally cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, but the gastrointestinal tract is seldom affected. Humans develop various forms of pythiosis, such as a vascular form. The objectives of the current study are to describe an unusual case of intestinal pythiosis, its clinical signs, aspects of pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Case: A 13-year-old Crioula mare, from Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, presented with reduced food and water intake, apathy, restlessness, rolling, nasal reflux, firm abdomen upon palpation, and tachypnea during 2 days. The horses of this farm were fed native pasture and horse feed, and they had access to a nearby pond. Two days following the start of the clinical signs, the horse died and was necropsied on the farm. During necropsy, there was around 400 mL of reddish effusion in the abdominal cavity (modified transudate). A 15 cm segment of jejunum was firm upon palpation and had a severe transmural thickening. The wall of the affected area was up to 3 cm in thickness and firm, with small yellowish and irregular masses that stood out and looked friable, interpreted as kunkers. Microscopically, the yellowish masses (kunkers) were characterized by dense accumulations of intact and degenerate eosinophils (eosinophilic necrosis). Within these kunkers, and also on their periphery, there were multiple negatively stained hyphal profiles. Hyphae were also seen on the wall of small arteries inside the kunkers. These hyphae had nearly parallel walls and were occasionally...

Segmental enteritis associated with Pythium insidiosum infection in a horse

Background: Pythiosis is an infectious disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum, with higher occurrence in wetlands and hot climate regions. This microorganism develops its cycle in aquatic plants, and most cases happen because of the contact of animals or people with water containing the motile zoospores (infectious form). Horses are the principal species affected and develop principally cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, but the gastrointestinal tract is seldom affected. Humans develop various forms of pythiosis, such as a vascular form. The objectives of the current study are to describe an unusual case of intestinal pythiosis, its clinical signs, aspects of pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Case: A 13-year-old Crioula mare, from Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, presented with reduced food and water intake, apathy, restlessness, rolling, nasal reflux, firm abdomen upon palpation, and tachypnea during 2 days. The horses of this farm were fed native pasture and horse feed, and they had access to a nearby pond. Two days following the start of the clinical signs, the horse died and was necropsied on the farm. During necropsy, there was around 400 mL of reddish effusion in the abdominal cavity (modified transudate). A 15 cm segment of jejunum was firm upon palpation and had a severe transmural thickening. The wall of the affected area was up to 3 cm in thickness and firm, with small yellowish and irregular masses that stood out and looked friable, interpreted as kunkers. Microscopically, the yellowish masses (kunkers) were characterized by dense accumulations of intact and degenerate eosinophils (eosinophilic necrosis). Within these kunkers, and also on their periphery, there were multiple negatively stained hyphal profiles. Hyphae were also seen on the wall of small arteries inside the kunkers. These hyphae had nearly parallel walls and were occasionally...(AU)

Pythiosis in cattle in Northeastern Brazil / Pitiose em bovinos no Nordeste do Brasil

The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of cutaneous pythiosis occurring in cattle from three farms in the Northeastern of Brazil are described. A biopsy of the lesions of one bovine from each farm was performed. In two cases, the affected cattle had contact with water accumulated in dams during the dry season in the semiarid region. Another case occurred in the coastal tropical region in cattle grazing around irrigation channels. Clinically, lesions were observed mainly on the skin of the thoracic and/or pelvic limbs, characterized by flat and irregular ulcerated areas or nodules of varying sizes, some with fistulous tracts penetrating deep into the subcutaneous tissue. In one case the regional lymph nodes were affected. Histologically, in all cases, pyogranulomatous dermatitis associated with negative hyphae images, in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections, were observed. In sections stained by Grocott methenamine silver, the hyphae measured 2-8μm and had irregular ramifications and rare septations. Immunohistochemistry technique demonstrated strong immunolabeling for Pythium insidiosum. Pythiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of dermatopathies in cattle in the Northeastern of Brazil.(AU)

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da pitiose cutânea em bovinos de três propriedades do Nordeste do Brasil. Uma biópsia das lesões de um bovino de cada propriedade foi realizada. Em dois casos, os bovinos afetados tiveram acesso à água acumulada em açudes durante a estação seca da região semiárida. O outro bovino acometido estava a pastoreio próximo a canais de irrigação na região litorânea. Clinicamente, as lesões foram observadas principalmente na pele dos membros torácicos e/ou pélvicos e caracterizavam-se por áreas planas e irregulares de ulceração ou nódulos de tamanhos variados, alguns com trajetos fistulosos penetrando profundamente no tecido subcutâneo. Em um caso, os linfonodos regionais foram afetados. Histologicamente, em todos os casos, observou-se dermatite piogranulomatosa associada a imagens negativas de hifas, em secções corados por hematoxilina e eosina. Em seções coradas por metenamina de prata de Grocott, as hifas mediam 2-8μm e possuíam ramificações irregulares com raras septações. A imuno-histoquímica demonstrou forte imunomarcação para Pythium insidiosum. A pitiose deve ser incluída como diagnóstico diferencial de dermatopatias de bovinos no Nordeste do Brasil.(AU)

Cranioesophageal pythiosis in a horse

Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This illness affects several species including humans and horses. Equine is the most affected species, having no predisposition for breed, gender, or age. It is usually shown in cutaneous and subcutaneous forms, and the lesions, which grow quickly and are hard to treat, are located mainly in the extremities. The diagnosis is made via epidemiology, clinical signs, and macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the lesion. This study describes a case of cranioesophageal pythiosis in a horse, examining the epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics. Case: A 12-year-old male quarter horse, weighing 515 kg was taken to the Veterinary Hospital at the University Center of Espírito Santo (UNESC). The horse had an increase in volume in the cranioesophageal region, coughing, difficulty breathing, and a runny nose. On clinical examination, the horse showed an enlargement in the submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, subcutaneous edema in the larynx region, and a temperature of 38.2ºC. According to the owner, cough was recurrent and had lasted about 12 months even after treatment with different kinds of antimicrobials. On radiographic exam, there was a marked decrease in the tracheal lumen and increased soft tissue radiopacity in the region adjacent to the narrowing. The animal was taken to surgery to remove the mass, but he died because of complications during surgery. The animal’s owner did not allow necropsy, but a fragment of the mass in the cranioesophageal was removed and sent for histological examination. The fragment was fixed in 10% formalin and processed using routine histological analysis. Macroscopically, the mass was light yellowish and ulcerated, and it measured 7.0 × 5.0 × 5.0 cm. In the middle of the ulcerated areas, there were yellow and...

Cranioesophageal pythiosis in a horse

Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This illness affects several species including humans and horses. Equine is the most affected species, having no predisposition for breed, gender, or age. It is usually shown in cutaneous and subcutaneous forms, and the lesions, which grow quickly and are hard to treat, are located mainly in the extremities. The diagnosis is made via epidemiology, clinical signs, and macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the lesion. This study describes a case of cranioesophageal pythiosis in a horse, examining the epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics. Case: A 12-year-old male quarter horse, weighing 515 kg was taken to the Veterinary Hospital at the University Center of Espírito Santo (UNESC). The horse had an increase in volume in the cranioesophageal region, coughing, difficulty breathing, and a runny nose. On clinical examination, the horse showed an enlargement in the submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, subcutaneous edema in the larynx region, and a temperature of 38.2ºC. According to the owner, cough was recurrent and had lasted about 12 months even after treatment with different kinds of antimicrobials. On radiographic exam, there was a marked decrease in the tracheal lumen and increased soft tissue radiopacity in the region adjacent to the narrowing. The animal was taken to surgery to remove the mass, but he died because of complications during surgery. The animals owner did not allow necropsy, but a fragment of the mass in the cranioesophageal was removed and sent for histological examination. The fragment was fixed in 10% formalin and processed using routine histological analysis. Macroscopically, the mass was light yellowish and ulcerated, and it measured 7.0 × 5.0 × 5.0 cm. In the middle of the ulcerated areas, there were yellow and...(AU)

Pythiosis in cattle in Northeastern Brazil / Pitiose em bovinos no Nordeste do Brasil

The epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of cutaneous pythiosis occurring in cattle from three farms in the Northeastern of Brazil are described. A biopsy of the lesions of one bovine from each farm was performed. In two cases, the affected cattle had contact with water accumulated in dams during the dry season in the semiarid region. Another case occurred in the coastal tropical region in cattle grazing around irrigation channels. Clinically, lesions were observed mainly on the skin of the thoracic and/or pelvic limbs, characterized by flat and irregular ulcerated areas or nodules of varying sizes, some with fistulous tracts penetrating deep into the subcutaneous tissue. In one case the regional lymph nodes were affected. Histologically, in all cases, pyogranulomatous dermatitis associated with negative hyphae images, in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections, were observed. In sections stained by Grocott methenamine silver, the hyphae measured 2-8μm and had irregular ramifications and rare septations. Immunohistochemistry technique demonstrated strong immunolabeling for Pythium insidiosum. Pythiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of dermatopathies in cattle in the Northeastern of Brazil.(AU)

Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da pitiose cutânea em bovinos de três propriedades do Nordeste do Brasil. Uma biópsia das lesões de um bovino de cada propriedade foi realizada. Em dois casos, os bovinos afetados tiveram acesso à água acumulada em açudes durante a estação seca da região semiárida. O outro bovino acometido estava a pastoreio próximo a canais de irrigação na região litorânea. Clinicamente, as lesões foram observadas principalmente na pele dos membros torácicos e/ou pélvicos e caracterizavam-se por áreas planas e irregulares de ulceração ou nódulos de tamanhos variados, alguns com trajetos fistulosos penetrando profundamente no tecido subcutâneo. Em um caso, os linfonodos regionais foram afetados. Histologicamente, em todos os casos, observou-se dermatite piogranulomatosa associada a imagens negativas de hifas, em secções corados por hematoxilina e eosina. Em seções coradas por metenamina de prata de Grocott, as hifas mediam 2-8μm e possuíam ramificações irregulares com raras septações. A imuno-histoquímica demonstrou forte imunomarcação para Pythium insidiosum. A pitiose deve ser incluída como diagnóstico diferencial de dermatopatias de bovinos no Nordeste do Brasil.(AU)

Endophytic Enterobacter cloacae exhibits antagonistic activity against Pythium damping-off of cucumber / Enterobacter cloacae endofítica exibe atividade antagonista contra a podridão de pepino causada por Pythium

The study was performed to examine the potential presence of biological control agents against Pythium damping-off disease of cucumber.Examining eleven bacterial strains isolated from acid lime roots and rhizosphere soil showed that the bacterial strain RB1 was the most efficient in suppressing mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum, producing an inhibition zone of 5mm. Scanning electron microscopy study of the mycelia at the interaction zone showed that the pathogen hyphae were deformed and shriveled by the bacterial strain.In pot experiments, pretreatment with the RB1 bacterial strain reduced disease incidence significantly by 63%.The bacterial strain did not exhibit any negative significant effects on cucumber growth (plant height and root dry weight) in comparison with untreated control under growth chamber conditions. Molecular identification of strain RB1 based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that it is Enterobacter cloacae. Findings from this study suggested that E. cloacae has a potential to be used as a biocontrol agent for suppressingcucumber damping-off disease caused by P. aphanidermatum. This is the first report of the antagonistic activity of E. cloacae against P. aphanidermatum-induced damping-off of cucumber.(AU)

O estudo foi realizado para examinar a presença potencial de agentes no controle biológico da doença do apodrecimento do pepino causado por Pythium. Examinando onze cepas bacterianas isoladas de raízes de cal ácida e solo da rizosfera mostraram que a cepa bacteriana RB1 foi a mais eficiente na supressão do crescimento micelial de P. aphanidermatum, produzindo uma zona de inibição de 5 mm. O estudo de microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos micélios na zona de interação mostrou que as hifas do patógeno foram deformadas e enrugadas pela cepa bacteriana. Em experimentos com vasos, o pré-tratamento com a cepa bacteriana RB1 reduziu significativamente a incidência da doença em 63%. A cepa bacteriana não exibiu nenhum efeito negativo. Efeitos significativos no crescimento do pepino (altura da planta e peso seco da raiz), em comparação com o controle não tratado sob condições da câmara de crescimento. A identificação molecular da cepa RB1 com base no gene 16S rRNA revelou que é a Enterobacter cloacae. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que E. cloacae tem potencial para ser usado como agente de biocontrole para suprimir a doença da podridão de pepino causada por P. aphanidermatum. Este é o primeiro relato da atividade antagônica de E. cloacae contra o amortecimento induzido por P. aphanidermatum de pepino.(AU)

Feline subcutaneous pythiosis / Pitiose subcutânea em um felino

Pythiosis in felines is a rare disease associated with the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. The aim of this report was to describe the macroscopic, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of P. insidiosum infection in a 2-year-old cat, with a localized invasive subcutaneous mass. The feline had an increase of volume near the anal region since it was younger. The cat died just after surgery. The necropsy was performed, and samples were collected for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the skin lesion was characterized by necro-eosinophilic dermatitis, panniculitis, and myositis surrounding negatively stained hyphal structures. In the sections stained with GMS, dark brown hyphae were clearly seen inside the affected tissue. They were rarely septate and their walls were almost parallel. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal anti-P. insidiosum antibody showed a strongly immunostained hyphae into the lesions. The analysis based on PCR had a positive result for P. insidiosum. Pythiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous tissue disorders in felines.(AU)

Pitiose em felinos é uma doença de ocorrência rara associada ao oomiceto Pythium insidiosum. O objetivo deste relato é descrever as características macroscópicas, histopatológicas e moleculares da infecção por P. insidiosum em um gato de dois anos de idade, com uma massa invasiva localizada no subcutâneo. O gato morreu logo após a cirurgia, sendo realizada a necropsia e coleta de amostras para exame histopatológico. Microscopicamente, a lesão cutânea foi caracterizada por dermatite necroeosinofílica, paniculite e miosite envolvendo imagens de hifas negativamente coradas. Nas seções coradas com GMS, hifas marrom-escuras foram claramente vistas dentro do tecido afetado. As hifas raramente eram septadas e suas paredes eram quase paralelas. A imuno-histoquímica, utilizando um anticorpo policlonal anti-P. insidiosum, mostrou hifas fortemente imunomarcadas nas lesões. A análise baseada em PCR teve resultado positivo para P. insidiosum. A pitiose deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de desordens teciduais subcutâneas em felinos.(AU)

Equine pythiosis in the eastern wetlands of Uruguay / Pitiose equina em áreas úmidas do leste do Uruguai

Equine pythiosis is an ulcerative and granulomatous disease of the skin, caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum (Pythiaceae). The objective of this study was to describe seven cases of equine pythiosis that occurred from 2012 to 2017 in the eastern region of Uruguay. Six of the seven cases occurred in the eastern wetland ecosystems of the Merin basin, and the remaining case occurred in the wetland fluvial plains of the Tacuarembó River. Lesions consisted of a large, rapidly growing ulcerated tumor with abundant granulation tissue, serosanguineous secretion, and fistulous tracts containing large concretions or kunkers. The animals presented intense pruritus, claudication and loss of body condition, with death or euthanasia in extremis in six cases. The main histological lesions consisted of an eosinophilic and pyogranulomatous inflammatory process, with numerous foci of eosinophilic necrosis (kunkers), collagenolysis, and a Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. In all cases, silver coloration (Grocott) showed intralesional hyphae compatible with P. insidiosum, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in three cases. A horse in the terminal phase of the disease was treated with triamcinolone acetonide (50mg IM every 15 days), and fully recovered after 1 year. It is concluded that equine pythiosis is prevalent in the wetland ecosystems of eastern Uruguay and that treatment with triamcinolone is auspicious.(AU)

Pitiose é uma doença granulomatosa e ulcerativa da pele dos equinos causada pelo oomyceto Pythium insidiosum (Pythiaceae). O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever sete casos de pitiose equina que ocorreram de 2012 a 2017 na região leste do Uruguai. Seis dos sete casos ocorreram no ecossistema de áreas pantanosas da bacia da bacia da Lagoa Mirim Merin e o restante nas planícies fluviais pantanosas do rio Tacuarembó. As lesões se caracterizaram por tumores ulcerados de crescimento rápido com abundante tecido de granulação, secreção serossanguinolenta e presença de tratos fistulosos contendo material coraloide ou kunkers. Os equinos apresentavam prurido intenso, claudicação e perda da condição corporal e seis morreram ou foram eutanasiados in extremis. As principais lesões histológicas consistiam de um processo inflamatório piogranulomatoso com numerosos focos de necrose eosinofílicos (kunkers), colagenólise e reação de Splendori-Hoepli. Em todos os casos a impregnação pela prata (Grocott) revelou a presença de hifas intralesionais compatíveis com P. insidiosum, o que foi confirmado pela imuno-histoquímica em três casos. Um equino em fase terminal da doença foi tratado com triamcinolona acetonida (50mg, IM, a cada 15 dias), recuperando-se completamente após um ano. Conclui-se que a pitiose é uma enfermidade presente em áreas úmidas na região leste do Uruguai e o tratamento com triamcinolona pode ser uma alternativa promissora.(AU)

Equine pythiosis in the eastern wetlands of Uruguay / Pitiose equina em áreas úmidas do leste do Uruguai

Equine pythiosis is an ulcerative and granulomatous disease of the skin, caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum (Pythiaceae). The objective of this study was to describe seven cases of equine pythiosis that occurred from 2012 to 2017 in the eastern region of Uruguay. Six of the seven cases occurred in the eastern wetland ecosystems of the Merin basin, and the remaining case occurred in the wetland fluvial plains of the Tacuarembó River. Lesions consisted of a large, rapidly growing ulcerated tumor with abundant granulation tissue, serosanguineous secretion, and fistulous tracts containing large concretions or kunkers. The animals presented intense pruritus, claudication and loss of body condition, with death or euthanasia in extremis in six cases. The main histological lesions consisted of an eosinophilic and pyogranulomatous inflammatory process, with numerous foci of eosinophilic necrosis (kunkers), collagenolysis, and a Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. In all cases, silver coloration (Grocott) showed intralesional hyphae compatible with P. insidiosum, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in three cases. A horse in the terminal phase of the disease was treated with triamcinolone acetonide (50mg IM every 15 days), and fully recovered after 1 year. It is concluded that equine pythiosis is prevalent in the wetland ecosystems of eastern Uruguay and that treatment with triamcinolone is auspicious.(AU)

Pitiose é uma doença granulomatosa e ulcerativa da pele dos equinos causada pelo oomyceto Pythium insidiosum (Pythiaceae). O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever sete casos de pitiose equina que ocorreram de 2012 a 2017 na região leste do Uruguai. Seis dos sete casos ocorreram no ecossistema de áreas pantanosas da bacia da bacia da Lagoa Mirim Merin e o restante nas planícies fluviais pantanosas do rio Tacuarembó. As lesões se caracterizaram por tumores ulcerados de crescimento rápido com abundante tecido de granulação, secreção serossanguinolenta e presença de tratos fistulosos contendo material coraloide ou kunkers. Os equinos apresentavam prurido intenso, claudicação e perda da condição corporal e seis morreram ou foram eutanasiados in extremis. As principais lesões histológicas consistiam de um processo inflamatório piogranulomatoso com numerosos focos de necrose eosinofílicos (kunkers), colagenólise e reação de Splendori-Hoepli. Em todos os casos a impregnação pela prata (Grocott) revelou a presença de hifas intralesionais compatíveis com P. insidiosum, o que foi confirmado pela imuno-histoquímica em três casos. Um equino em fase terminal da doença foi tratado com triamcinolona acetonida (50mg, IM, a cada 15 dias), recuperando-se completamente após um ano. Conclui-se que a pitiose é uma enfermidade presente em áreas úmidas na região leste do Uruguai e o tratamento com triamcinolona pode ser uma alternativa promissora.(AU)

Culture medium and inoculation methodology for the study of soft root rot caused by Phytopythium sp / Meio de cultura e metodologia de inoculação para o estudo da podridão mole de raízes causada por Phytopythium sp

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop in Brazil and Pará is the major producer of roots. High temperature and humidity of tropical regions favor the development of various diseases, among them the cassava root rot. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of luminosity and culture medium on the mycelial growth and sporulation of Phytopythium sp. associated with different methods of inoculation on cassava roots. In vitro tests for pathogen growth were established in a 2 x 6 factorial design (luminosity x culture medium) with five replicates and the means were compared by t test (P0.05). The culture medium containing sweet cassava root produced greater mycelial development and higher pathogen sporulation and it was the most suitable medium for pathogen culture. The culture under absence of light generated better mycelial growth than culture under 12 hour of light. Regarding the type of inoculation, the response was better when deeper injuries were induced.(AU)

A mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) é uma importante cultura para o Brasil, onde o Pará é o principal produtor de raízes. Regiões tropicais com alta umidade e temperatura favorecem o desenvolvimento de diversas doenças, como as podridões de raiz. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da luminosidade e de meios de cultura no crescimento micelial e na esporulação de Phytopythium sp. e analisar métodos de inoculação do patógeno em raízes de mandioca destacadas. Os ensaios in vitro foram instalados em esquema fatorial 2x6 (luminosidade x meio de cultura), com cinco repetições e as médias comparadas pelo teste t (p0,05). O meio de cultura contendo raiz de mandioca mansa proporcionou maior desenvolvimento micelial e maior esporulação do patógeno e é o mais adequado para o cultivo do patógeno. O cultivo sob ausência de luz gerou melhor crescimento micelial do que o cultivo sob 12 horas de luz. Quanto ao tipo de inoculação, a resposta foi melhor nas raízes que obtiveram ferimentos mais profundos.(AU)

Mastite por Pythium insidiosum em éguas / Mastitis by Pythium insidiosum in mares

Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease hasbeen reported in several species, but most cases occur in horses. In this species, the cutaneous form is more prevalent,with occasional involvement of adjacent lymph nodes and bone tissue. The involvement of the mammary glands was notproperly characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe cases of pythiosis with the involvement of the mammary glands in mares.Case: A retrospective study of all biopsy samples and necropsy examinations of horses, performed at the Animal PathologyLaboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande from January 2000 to December 2018, was carried out. During thestudy period, 142 cases of cutaneous pythiosis were identified. Of these, in three the lesions extended to the mammary glands.Mares with 3-, 7- and 12-year-old, mongrel, from the backlands of the Paraiba were affected. On physical examination, themares presented swollen mammary glands and multifocal wounds, which discharge serosanguinolent secretion. Clinicalevolution ranged from 15 to 30 days. The animals had been medicated, but the wounds did not heal and mastectomies wereperformed. Macroscopically, the mammary glands were enlarged and with multifocal areas of ulceration measuring 1 to 3.5cm in diameter. At the cut surface, they exhibited fistulous tracts containing kunkers. In the histopathological evaluation,was observed diffuse and marked inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils extending through the deep dermis and interlobularmammary stroma; and multifocal areas, sometimes focally extensive, of eosinophilic necrosis with intralesional negativeimages of hyphae. In histological sections stained by periodic acid-Schiff, the walls of the hyphae were weakly stained inblue; but when impregnated by Grocott methenamine silver, they were strongly marked in black...(AU)

Mastite por Pythium insidiosum em éguas / Mastitis by Pythium insidiosum in mares

Background: Pythiosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease hasbeen reported in several species, but most cases occur in horses. In this species, the cutaneous form is more prevalent,with occasional involvement of adjacent lymph nodes and bone tissue. The involvement of the mammary glands was notproperly characterized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe cases of pythiosis with the involvement of the mammary glands in mares.Case: A retrospective study of all biopsy samples and necropsy examinations of horses, performed at the Animal PathologyLaboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande from January 2000 to December 2018, was carried out. During thestudy period, 142 cases of cutaneous pythiosis were identified. Of these, in three the lesions extended to the mammary glands.Mares with 3-, 7- and 12-year-old, mongrel, from the backlands of the Paraiba were affected. On physical examination, themares presented swollen mammary glands and multifocal wounds, which discharge serosanguinolent secretion. Clinicalevolution ranged from 15 to 30 days. The animals had been medicated, but the wounds did not heal and mastectomies wereperformed. Macroscopically, the mammary glands were enlarged and with multifocal areas of ulceration measuring 1 to 3.5cm in diameter. At the cut surface, they exhibited fistulous tracts containing kunkers. In the histopathological evaluation,was observed diffuse and marked inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils extending through the deep dermis and interlobularmammary stroma; and multifocal areas, sometimes focally extensive, of eosinophilic necrosis with intralesional negativeimages of hyphae. In histological sections stained by periodic acid-Schiff, the walls of the hyphae were weakly stained inblue; but when impregnated by Grocott methenamine silver, they were strongly marked in black...

The use of fluconazole associated with surgical excision in the treatment of equine cutaneous pythiosis / Uso do flucozanol associado à excisão cirúrgica no tratamento da pitiose cutânea equina

Cutaneous pythiosis is an important disease affecting horses raised in regions with a hot climate and water stagnation, occurring throughout all regions of Brazil. The disease progresses rapidly, and treatment for chronic lesions is challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluconazole after surgical excision and electrocauterization of cutaneous lesions in horses naturally infected with Pythium insidiosum. We treated 10 horses with cutaneous pythiosis, whose diagnoses were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. After surgical debridement of lesion, animals received fluconazole orally for 21 days, in combination with topical treatment for the wounds. After 7 days of therapy, there was decreased serosanguineous secretion and no kunkers in the wounds in all horses. All lesions healed completely after therapy, and there were no recurrences 10 months after discharge. When associated with surgical excision, oral fluconazole therapy was an effective treatment in clinical cases of equine cutaneous pythiosis.

Pitiose cutânea é uma enfermidade importante que acomete equinos criados em regiões de clima quente e com presença de água estagnada, sendo reportada em todas as regiões do Brasil. Possui evolução rápida e o tratamento de lesões crônicas ainda é considerado um desafio. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a avaliação da eficácia do fluconazol após a excisão cirúrgica e termocauterização de feridas cutâneas de equinos naturalmente infectados por Pythium insidiosum. Para o estudo foram utilizados 10 equinos com pitiose cutânea, com diagnóstico confirmado por meio da avaliação histopatológica e da imuno-histoquímica. Após o desbridamento cirúrgico da lesão, os animais receberam fluconazol por via oral durante 21 dias, associado a tratamento tópico da ferida. Em todos os casos, após sete dias do início da terapia foi possível evidenciar diminuição da secreção serosanguinolenta, assim como ausência de kunkers na ferida. Todos os animais tiveram cicatrização completa das lesões após a terapia e não houve recidiva após dez meses da alta médica. A terapia com fluconazol administrado por via oral demonstrou ser um tratamento eficaz quando associado à excisão cirúrgica em casos clínicos de pitiose cutânea equina.

The use of fluconazole associated with surgical excision in the treatment of equine cutaneous pythiosis / Uso do flucozanol associado à excisão cirúrgica no tratamento da pitiose cutânea equina

Cutaneous pythiosis is an important disease affecting horses raised in regions with a hot climate and water stagnation, occurring throughout all regions of Brazil. The disease progresses rapidly, and treatment for chronic lesions is challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluconazole after surgical excision and electrocauterization of cutaneous lesions in horses naturally infected with Pythium insidiosum. We treated 10 horses with cutaneous pythiosis, whose diagnoses were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. After surgical debridement of lesion, animals received fluconazole orally for 21 days, in combination with topical treatment for the wounds. After 7 days of therapy, there was decreased serosanguineous secretion and no kunkers in the wounds in all horses. All lesions healed completely after therapy, and there were no recurrences 10 months after discharge. When associated with surgical excision, oral fluconazole therapy was an effective treatment in clinical cases of equine cutaneous pythiosis.(AU)

Pitiose cutânea é uma enfermidade importante que acomete equinos criados em regiões de clima quente e com presença de água estagnada, sendo reportada em todas as regiões do Brasil. Possui evolução rápida e o tratamento de lesões crônicas ainda é considerado um desafio. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a avaliação da eficácia do fluconazol após a excisão cirúrgica e termocauterização de feridas cutâneas de equinos naturalmente infectados por Pythium insidiosum. Para o estudo foram utilizados 10 equinos com pitiose cutânea, com diagnóstico confirmado por meio da avaliação histopatológica e da imuno-histoquímica. Após o desbridamento cirúrgico da lesão, os animais receberam fluconazol por via oral durante 21 dias, associado a tratamento tópico da ferida. Em todos os casos, após sete dias do início da terapia foi possível evidenciar diminuição da secreção serosanguinolenta, assim como ausência de kunkers na ferida. Todos os animais tiveram cicatrização completa das lesões após a terapia e não houve recidiva após dez meses da alta médica. A terapia com fluconazol administrado por via oral demonstrou ser um tratamento eficaz quando associado à excisão cirúrgica em casos clínicos de pitiose cutânea equina.(AU)