Resumo

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a relação que diferentes atores envolvidos com a agricultura familiar, residentes em uma comunidade Quilombola no município de Paulistana -Piauí, estabelecem com as atividades agropecuárias. Assim, foi conduzido um estudo de campo para realização de entrevistas com questionário semiestruturado, contendo perguntas objetivas e subjetivas. A maioria (76,47%) dos entrevistados era do sexo feminino, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, tendo em sua maioria o ensino fundamental incompleto e renda de até 1 salário mínimo. 84,22% dos respondentes confirmaram que seus filhos contribuem com as atividades agropecuárias. Foram identificados 7 adolescentes, entre 12 e 18 anos. 70,58% dos adolescentes relataram realizar atividades agropecuárias e não agrícolas na propriedade familiar. Com relação a intenção de permanecer ou se evadir do ambiente rural, 64,70% afirmaram que pretendem migrar para zona urbana da cidade, a fim de estudar ou buscar melhores oportunidades de trabalho. 92,31% das mulheres responderam se sentir valorizadas pela sociedade e pelas entidades ligadas à agricultura familiar. Por sua vez, 87,5% dos idosos sinalizaram apresentar algum problema de saúde, dentre os quais destacam-se dores na coluna e hipertensão arterial. Portanto, é expressivo o número de crianças desenvolvendo atividades agropecuárias na comunidade rural e, por falta de oportunidades de trabalho e estudo, é elevada a parcela de jovens que não deseja permanecer na comunidade. Além disso, as mulheres desempenham papel importante no contexto da agricultura familiar, participando de maneira ativa das diversas atividades no âmbito da propriedade e da comunidade rural, assim como a população idosa agricultora demonstra problemas de saúde relacionados às suas atividades laborais.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship that different actors involved in family farming, residing in a Quilombola community in the municipality of Paulistana -Piauí, establish with agricultural activities. Thus, a field study was conducted to carry out interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire, containing objective and subjective questions. The majority (76.47%) of respondents were female, aged between 18 and 30 years old, most of whom had incomplete primary education and had an income of up to 1 minimum wage. 84.22% of respondents confirmed that their children contribute to agricultural activities. 7 teenagers were identified, between 12 and 18 years old. 70.58% of adolescents reported carrying out agricultural and non-agricultural activities on the family property. Regarding the intention to stay or escape from the rural environment, 64.70% stated that they intend to migrate to the urban area of the city, in order to study or seek better job opportunities. 92.31% of women responded that they felt valued by society and entities linked to family farming. In turn, 87.5% of the elderly reported having a health problem, including back pain and high blood pressure. Therefore, the number of children carrying out agricultural activities in the rural community is significant and, due to the lack of work and study opportunities, there is a high proportion of young people who do not wish to remain in the community. Furthermore, women play an important role in the context of family farming, actively participating in the various activities within the property and the rural community, just as the elderly farming population demonstrates health problems related to their work activities.

Resumo

Management of Quilombola systems are primitive agricultural systems based on the ancestral knowledge of Afro-Brazilian enslaved people. Here, the aim was to understand the impact of these primitive farming methods on the distribution of available nitrogen (N) forms in the soil profile of two Brazilian Cerrado phytophysiognomies. The soil was sampled in Cerradão (high Cerrado) and Cerrado Stricto sensu (low Cerrado) at six soil depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, and 50-60 cm). The following management systems were considered: pasture (PP1 and PP2), maize cultivation (M1 and M2), citrus-cassava intercropping (T1), and citrus monoculture (T2). In addition, the soil was sampled in the native area of Cerradão (NC1) and Cerrado Stricto sensu (NC2). Three N forms were determined: i) available nitrogen (Av-N), ii) ammonium (NH4+-N) and iii) nitrate (NO3--N) contents. The Av-N content decreased with increasing soil depth only in NC1 and NC2. The NO3--N content was similar at all soil depths for maize and pasture, while the content decreased at soil depth for NC1, NC2, and T1. NH4+-N was similar in M2 and PP2, but it increased in T2, ranging from 6.17 mg kg-1 to 17.54 mg kg-1. Overall, the dynamics of available N forms varied according to the Cerrado phytophysiognomy and the management systems and NO3--N was the most constant N form in the soil profile. Therefore, although the management of Quilombola systems is less intensive, they negatively affect the dynamics and N availability, mainly where management is less conservative, that is, in maize and citrus monocultures.

Resumo

Water is the indispensable natural resource for all living beings. For human consumption, it must be potable, so as not to pose a risk to health, and can be used for ingestion, food preparation and personal hygiene. Knowing this importance, this study aimed to carry out physical-chemical, microbiological and parasitological analyzes of water for human consumption in a quilombola community of Santa Luzia do Norte in Alagoas. A cross-sectional, experimental and quantitative study was carried out between January and December 2019. The physical-chemical parameters of residual chlorine, turbidity, fluoride, fluoridation, color and pH were analyzed, microbiological analyses were based on the research of total and thermotolerant coliforms (E. coli) and parasitological analyses were performed based on the research of protozoa and intestinal helminths. Some physical-chemical parameters (turbidity and pH) were observed outside the limits required by the Ministry of Health, and the presence of total coliforms in some of the analyzed samples (17.85%), characterizing this community at risk related to waterborne diseases. The samples analyzed did not present infecting forms of parasitic species. Regarding the variables evaluated, the results found showed that the lack of adequate basic sanitation affects the quality of water used for human consumption by the quilombola population of Santa Luzia do Norte-AL.(AU)

A água é o recurso natural indispensável a todos os seres vivos. Para consumo humano, deve ser potável, de modo a não oferecer risco à saúde, podendo ser usada para ingestão, preparação de alimentos e higiene pessoal. Sabendo dessa importância, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e parasitológicas da água para consumo humano em uma comunidade quilombola de Alagoas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, do tipo experimental e quantitativo, realizado na comunidade quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL, entre janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Foram analisados os parâmetros físico-químico de cloro residual, turbidez, fluoreto, fluoretação, cor e pH, as análises microbiológicas foram baseadas na pesquisa de coliformes totais e termotolerantes (E. coli) e as análise parasitológicas foram realizadas com base na pesquisa de protozoários e helmintos intestinais. E a pesquisa de protozoários oportunistas pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Foi observado alguns parâmetros físico-químicos (turbidez e pH) fora dos limites exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde, e a presença de coliformes totais em algumas das amostras analisadas (17,85%), caracterizando esta comunidade em situação de risco relacionado às doenças de veiculação hídrica. As amostras analisadas não apresentaram formas infectantes das espécies parasitárias. Em relação às variáveis avaliadas, os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a falta de saneamento básico adequado afeta a qualidade da água utilizada para consumo humano pela população quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL.(AU)