Surgical sterilization of free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris): "Passos Nunes" uterine horn ligature

Capybaras are the primary hosts of Amblyomma sculptum tick, vectors of Rickettsia rickettsia bacteria, and the zoonotic agent of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF). In this context, contraceptive methods have been suggested for population control in order to reduce the number of free-ranging capybaras cohabiting with humans in urban and rural areas and acting as disease amplifiers. To maintain the group's expected behavior and social hierarchy, sterilization techniques that preserve the gonads are recommended. On 126 female capybaras in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, a new surgical technique named "Passos Nunes" uterine horn ligature was performed after adequate general anesthesia. It achieved effective surgical sterilization, with an incision length of about 3 cm in the periumbilical linea alba, cranial to the pubis. After entering the abdominal cavity, the urinary bladder is pulled laterally to access the uterine horns and the cervix. The uterine horn is folded up, forming a strap; the distal portion of the strap is ligated and its distal end sectioned. The exact process is performed on the opposite horn. After the surgical procedure, the musculature is sutured in a sultan pattern and the subcutaneous tissue with a horizontal mattress pattern. The skin is sutured in a separate simple format, using nylon 2.0 for all steps. The wide exposure of the uterine horns facilitates the confirmation of pregnancy, allowing the surgeon to choose between salpingo hysterectomy or ligature of the uterine horns. The present study presents a new technique of surgical sterilization that can be used in female free-ranging mammals in which maintenance of the gonads is recommended, and births of offspring should not occur.(AU)

Vasectomy in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca)

Background: Cuniculus paca is the second largest neotropical rodent. It is not endangered, but your habitat has been destroyed and the specie has been hunted, because of its prized meat. In this context captive breeding is an alternative to reduce the hunt. Then, adult male vasectomy is an interesting alternative for Cuniculus paca since the animal does not lose libido and maintain cyclicity of females into the enclosure. This technique is a method of sterilization which the vas deferens is surgically clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed and thus prevents the release of sperm when a male ejaculates. The aim of this study was to describe the vasectomy technique on a male spotted paca kept in captive. Case: A captive adult male of Cuniculus paca, lived in Brazilian wild fauna breeding for scientific research. It was maintained on precinct with no other animal, ate fruits, vegetables, tubers and rodent chow and water offered ad libitum. It was submitted to bilateral vasectomy to maintain reproductive behavior on bevy, but not impregnate females. The anaesthesia was performed using ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg IM) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg IM) as premedication, and isoflurane in open system by facemask diluted in 100% O2 for induction and maintenance. Immediately after induction, was performed epidural anesthesia using 4 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor [...]

Vasectomy in spotted paca (Cuniculus paca)

Background: Cuniculus paca is the second largest neotropical rodent. It is not endangered, but your habitat has been destroyed and the specie has been hunted, because of its prized meat. In this context captive breeding is an alternative to reduce the hunt. Then, adult male vasectomy is an interesting alternative for Cuniculus paca since the animal does not lose libido and maintain cyclicity of females into the enclosure. This technique is a method of sterilization which the vas deferens is surgically clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed and thus prevents the release of sperm when a male ejaculates. The aim of this study was to describe the vasectomy technique on a male spotted paca kept in captive. Case: A captive adult male of Cuniculus paca, lived in Brazilian wild fauna breeding for scientific research. It was maintained on precinct with no other animal, ate fruits, vegetables, tubers and rodent chow and water offered ad libitum. It was submitted to bilateral vasectomy to maintain reproductive behavior on bevy, but not impregnate females. The anaesthesia was performed using ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg IM) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg IM) as premedication, and isoflurane in open system by facemask diluted in 100% O2 for induction and maintenance. Immediately after induction, was performed epidural anesthesia using 4 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor [...](AU)

Anestesia em roedores e lagomorfos para procedimentos odontológicos / Anesthesia and analgesia for rodents and lagomorphos dental procedures / La anestesia en roedores y conejos durante procedimentos dentales

Atualmente a procura por animais exóticos vêm crescendo mundialmente e a procura por cuidados especializados vêm acompanhando esse crescimento. Coelhos e roedores apresentam semelhanças e particularidades anatômicas que, somando-se ao manejo errôneo dessas espécies, estão diretamente relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de doenças associadas à cavidade oral. Assim como em cães e gatos, o tratamento odontológico só é possível ser realizado com adequados procedimentos anestésicos e controle satisfatório da dor. Devido ao seu alto metabolismo e a dificuldade de acessar as vias aéreas, a anestesia nesses animais deve ser realizada por profissionais treinados e alguns cuidados devem ser tomados para o sucesso do procedimento.(AU)

Currently the demand for exotic animals has been growing worldwide and the demand for specialized care has been following this growth. Rabbits and rodents present anatomical similarities and peculiarities that, together with the erroneous management of these species, are directly related to the development of diseases associated with the oral cavity. As with dogs and cats, the dental treatment can only be performed with adequate anesthetic procedures and satisfactory pain control. Due to its high metabolism and difficulty in accessing the airways, anesthesia in these animals should be performed by trained professionals and some special cares should be taken for the success of the procedure.(AU)

Actualmente la demanda por animales exóticos se ha creciendo en el todomundo y la busca por atención especializada ha acompariado este crecimiento. Conejos y roedores muestran similitudes y las características anatómicas que, anadiendo a la mala gestión de estos especies, están directamente relacionados con el desarrollo de enfermidades asociadas con la cavidad oral. Al igualque los perros y los gatos, el tratamiento dental sólo puede llevarse a cabo com procedimientos anestésicos adecuados y el control satisfactorio del dolor. Debido a su alto metabolismo y la dificultad de acceso a la vía aérea, la anestesia en estos animales debe ser realizada por profesionales capacitados y algunos cuidados se debe tomar para el éxito del procedimiento.(AU)

Anestesia em roedores e lagomorfos para procedimentos odontológicos / Anesthesia and analgesia for rodents and lagomorphos dental procedures / La anestesia en roedores y conejos durante procedimentos dentales

Atualmente a procura por animais exóticos vêm crescendo mundialmente e a procura por cuidados especializados vêm acompanhando esse crescimento. Coelhos e roedores apresentam semelhanças e particularidades anatômicas que, somando-se ao manejo errôneo dessas espécies, estão diretamente relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de doenças associadas à cavidade oral. Assim como em cães e gatos, o tratamento odontológico só é possível ser realizado com adequados procedimentos anestésicos e controle satisfatório da dor. Devido ao seu alto metabolismo e a dificuldade de acessar as vias aéreas, a anestesia nesses animais deve ser realizada por profissionais treinados e alguns cuidados devem ser tomados para o sucesso do procedimento.

Currently the demand for exotic animals has been growing worldwide and the demand for specialized care has been following this growth. Rabbits and rodents present anatomical similarities and peculiarities that, together with the erroneous management of these species, are directly related to the development of diseases associated with the oral cavity. As with dogs and cats, the dental treatment can only be performed with adequate anesthetic procedures and satisfactory pain control. Due to its high metabolism and difficulty in accessing the airways, anesthesia in these animals should be performed by trained professionals and some special cares should be taken for the success of the procedure.

Actualmente la demanda por animales exóticos se ha creciendo en el todomundo y la busca por atención especializada ha acompariado este crecimiento. Conejos y roedores muestran similitudes y las características anatómicas que, anadiendo a la mala gestión de estos especies, están directamente relacionados con el desarrollo de enfermidades asociadas con la cavidad oral. Al igualque los perros y los gatos, el tratamiento dental sólo puede llevarse a cabo com procedimientos anestésicos adecuados y el control satisfactorio del dolor. Debido a su alto metabolismo y la dificultad de acceso a la vía aérea, la anestesia en estos animales debe ser realizada por profesionales capacitados y algunos cuidados se debe tomar para el éxito del procedimiento.