Evaluation of biochemical profile and rumen fluid parameters of sheep supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subjected to an abrupt diet change / Avaliação do perfil bioquímico e parâmetros do líquido ruminal de ovinos suplementados com Saccharomyces cerevisiae submetidos à troca abrupta de dieta

This study examines rumen-fluid parameters and the biochemical profile of feedlot sheep supplemented with a commercial product composed of yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast during an abrupt change of diet. Eight sheep at 30 months of age, with an average weight of 40.2 ± 3.4 kg, were housed in individual stalls where they received the same diet twice daily, which was formulated according to the National Research Council [NRC] (2007). The animals were divided into two groups, namely, supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SG, n = 4) and control (CG, n = 4). The experiment consisted of three periods: the first (seven days) consisted of an acclimation to the roughage-only diet; in the second period (five days), the animals of SG started to receive supplementation; lastly, in the third period (five days), all animals underwent a sudden change of diet, which was characterized by an alteration from 100% roughage to a 50:50 ratio (roughage:concentrate) without prior adaptation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate albumin, aspartate amino transferase, calcium, gamma glutamyl transferase, globulins, glucose, magnesium, potassium, sodium, total plasma proteins and urea. Rumen fluid was harvested to evaluate physical aspects. Supplementation increased the protozoa count; the rate of sedimentation and fluctuation remained within the physiological parameters; and total plasma proteins and globulin decreased. Therefore, the yeast appears to be a promising alternative for reducing the deleterious effects of an abrupt change of diet.

Este estudo avaliou os parâmetros do líquido ruminal e o perfil bioquímico de ovinos confinados suplementados com um produto comercial composto por cultura de levedura e levedura hidrolisada enzimaticamente durante mudança abrupta de dieta. Foram utilizadas oito ovelhas, com 30 meses deidade e peso médio de 40,2±3,4kg, mantidas em baias individuais e receberam a mesma dieta duas vezes ao dia, formulada de acordo com o NRC (2007). Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: suplementado com Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GS, n=4) e controle (GC, n=4). O experimento foi constituído de três períodos, o primeiro (sete dias) destinado a adaptação à dieta a base exclusivamente de volumoso, o segundo período (cinco dias) onde os animais do grupo GS passaram a receber suplementação e um último período (cinco dias) onde todos os animais sofreram mudança brusca de dieta, que foi caracterizada por alteração de 100% do volumoso para uma dieta na relação de 50:50 (volumoso:concentrado), sem adaptação prévia. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, para avaliação de albumina, AST, cálcio, GGT, globulinas, glicose, magnésio, potássio, sódio, PPT (proteínas plasmáticas totais) e ureia. E líquido ruminal para avaliação de aspectos físicos. A suplementação aumentou a contagem de protozoários, a taxa de sedimentação e flutuação manteve-se dentro do fisiológico e houve redução em PPT e globulina mostrando-se uma alternativa promissora na redução dos efeitos deletérios da troca abrupta de dieta.

Evaluation of biochemical profile and rumen fluid parameters of sheep supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subjected to an abrupt diet change / Avaliação do perfil bioquímico e parâmetros do líquido ruminal de ovinos suplementados com Saccharomyces cerevisiae submetidos à troca abrupta de dieta

This study examines rumen-fluid parameters and the biochemical profile of feedlot sheep supplemented with a commercial product composed of yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast during an abrupt change of diet. Eight sheep at 30 months of age, with an average weight of 40.2 ± 3.4 kg, were housed in individual stalls where they received the same diet twice daily, which was formulated according to the National Research Council [NRC] (2007). The animals were divided into two groups, namely, supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SG, n = 4) and control (CG, n = 4). The experiment consisted of three periods: the first (seven days) consisted of an acclimation to the roughage-only diet; in the second period (five days), the animals of SG started to receive supplementation; lastly, in the third period (five days), all animals underwent a sudden change of diet, which was characterized by an alteration from 100% roughage to a 50:50 ratio (roughage:concentrate) without prior adaptation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate albumin, aspartate amino transferase, calcium, gamma glutamyl transferase, globulins, glucose, magnesium, potassium, sodium, total plasma proteins and urea. Rumen fluid was harvested to evaluate physical aspects. Supplementation increased the protozoa count; the rate of sedimentation and fluctuation remained within the physiological parameters; and total plasma proteins and globulin decreased. Therefore, the yeast appears to be a promising alternative for reducing the deleterious effects of an abrupt change of diet.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou os parâmetros do líquido ruminal e o perfil bioquímico de ovinos confinados suplementados com um produto comercial composto por cultura de levedura e levedura hidrolisada enzimaticamente durante mudança abrupta de dieta. Foram utilizadas oito ovelhas, com 30 meses deidade e peso médio de 40,2±3,4kg, mantidas em baias individuais e receberam a mesma dieta duas vezes ao dia, formulada de acordo com o NRC (2007). Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: suplementado com Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GS, n=4) e controle (GC, n=4). O experimento foi constituído de três períodos, o primeiro (sete dias) destinado a adaptação à dieta a base exclusivamente de volumoso, o segundo período (cinco dias) onde os animais do grupo GS passaram a receber suplementação e um último período (cinco dias) onde todos os animais sofreram mudança brusca de dieta, que foi caracterizada por alteração de 100% do volumoso para uma dieta na relação de 50:50 (volumoso:concentrado), sem adaptação prévia. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, para avaliação de albumina, AST, cálcio, GGT, globulinas, glicose, magnésio, potássio, sódio, PPT (proteínas plasmáticas totais) e ureia. E líquido ruminal para avaliação de aspectos físicos. A suplementação aumentou a contagem de protozoários, a taxa de sedimentação e flutuação manteve-se dentro do fisiológico e houve redução em PPT e globulina mostrando-se uma alternativa promissora na redução dos efeitos deletérios da troca abrupta de dieta.(AU)

Intoxicação por etanol em bovinos alimentados com bagaço de malte acrescido de levedura de cerveja / Ethanol poisoning in cattle fed with malted barley waste with brewer's yeast

O presente trabalho descreve um surto de intoxicação por etanol que afetou um rebanho bovino de aptidão leiteira alimentado com o subproduto de cervejaria denominado bagaço de malte, resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC), resíduo de cevada maltada ou simplesmente "cevada". O surto iniciou cerca de 24 horas após ao fornecimento de uma nova partida do subproduto que apresentava odor alcoólico. Análise cromatográfica e microbiológica de amostra deste subproduto confirmou a presença de etanol e Saccharomyces spp., respectivamente, indicando a adição de outro subproduto de cervejaria, a levedura de cerveja ou levedo. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram diarreia, salivação, andar cambaleante e decúbito. A morbidade foi de 12,2% (5/41) e mortalidade de 2,4% (1/41). Uma vaca que morreu após um curso clínico de 3 dias foi necropsiada. Não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas significativas, mas na histopatologia havia rumenite necrosupurativa aguda, multifocal, moderada, com colonização bacteriana e fúngica secundária, indicando acidose ruminal concomitante. Em análise cromatográfica de amostras de conteúdo ruminal e fígado deste bovino foram detectadas quantidades variáveis de etanol. Os dados do presente estudo indicam que a possibilidade de intoxicação por etanol deve ser considerada em bovinos com sinais neurológicos e digestivos alimentados com RUC quando a este acrescentado levedura de cerveja.(AU)

An outbreak of ethanol poisoning that affected a dairy cattle herd fed with the brewery by-product known as malt bagasse, wet brewery residue, malted barley waste or "barley". The outbreak began about 24 hours after a new product of the by-product was offered to cattle that had an alcoholic odor. Chromatographic and microbiological analysis of this by-product sample confirmed the presence of ethanol and Saccharomyces spp., respectively, indicating the addition of another by-product brewery, brewer's yeast or yeast. The main clinical signs observed were diarrhea, salivation, staggering gait and decubitus. Morbidity was 12.2% (5/41) and mortality was 2.4% (1/41). A cow that died after a 3-day of clinical course was necropsied. No significant macroscopic lesions were observed, but in the histopathology, there was acute, multifocal, moderate necrosupurative rumenitis with secondary bacterial and fungal colonization, indicating concomitant ruminal acidosis. In the chromatographic analysis of samples of rumen and liver contents of this bovine, variable amounts of ethanol were detected. The data from the present study indicate that the possibility of ethanol intoxication should be considered in cattle with neurological and digestive signs fed with RUC when added to brewer's yeast.(AU)

Intoxicação por etanol em bovinos alimentados com bagaço de malte acrescido de levedura de cerveja / Ethanol poisoning in cattle fed with malted barley waste with brewer's yeast

O presente trabalho descreve um surto de intoxicação por etanol que afetou um rebanho bovino de aptidão leiteira alimentado com o subproduto de cervejaria denominado bagaço de malte, resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC), resíduo de cevada maltada ou simplesmente "cevada". O surto iniciou cerca de 24 horas após ao fornecimento de uma nova partida do subproduto que apresentava odor alcoólico. Análise cromatográfica e microbiológica de amostra deste subproduto confirmou a presença de etanol e Saccharomyces spp., respectivamente, indicando a adição de outro subproduto de cervejaria, a levedura de cerveja ou levedo. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram diarreia, salivação, andar cambaleante e decúbito. A morbidade foi de 12,2% (5/41) e mortalidade de 2,4% (1/41). Uma vaca que morreu após um curso clínico de 3 dias foi necropsiada. Não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas significativas, mas na histopatologia havia rumenite necrosupurativa aguda, multifocal, moderada, com colonização bacteriana e fúngica secundária, indicando acidose ruminal concomitante. Em análise cromatográfica de amostras de conteúdo ruminal e fígado deste bovino foram detectadas quantidades variáveis de etanol. Os dados do presente estudo indicam que a possibilidade de intoxicação por etanol deve ser considerada em bovinos com sinais neurológicos e digestivos alimentados com RUC quando a este acrescentado levedura de cerveja.(AU)

An outbreak of ethanol poisoning that affected a dairy cattle herd fed with the brewery by-product known as malt bagasse, wet brewery residue, malted barley waste or "barley". The outbreak began about 24 hours after a new product of the by-product was offered to cattle that had an alcoholic odor. Chromatographic and microbiological analysis of this by-product sample confirmed the presence of ethanol and Saccharomyces spp., respectively, indicating the addition of another by-product brewery, brewer's yeast or yeast. The main clinical signs observed were diarrhea, salivation, staggering gait and decubitus. Morbidity was 12.2% (5/41) and mortality was 2.4% (1/41). A cow that died after a 3-day of clinical course was necropsied. No significant macroscopic lesions were observed, but in the histopathology, there was acute, multifocal, moderate necrosupurative rumenitis with secondary bacterial and fungal colonization, indicating concomitant ruminal acidosis. In the chromatographic analysis of samples of rumen and liver contents of this bovine, variable amounts of ethanol were detected. The data from the present study indicate that the possibility of ethanol intoxication should be considered in cattle with neurological and digestive signs fed with RUC when added to brewer's yeast.(AU)

Metabolic and ruminal fluid markers of dairy cows supplemented with a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast

Background: In order to reduce the effects of a negative energy balance, some measures have been taken into account in nutritional management during the transition period. The use of yeast, has been a good alternative used to improve the rumen metabolism and helping the adjustment of the microbiotato the new diet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast on the metabolism of dairy cows during the transition period.Materials, Methods & Results:The experiment was conducted in a semi-extensive system, using 20 Holstein cows, divided equally into a control group (CG) and a supplemented group (SG). The SG received 28 g/animal/day of a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast from 20 ± 2 days pre-calving until early lactation (18 ± 3 days). Serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin and urea were determined at calving, and for three time points during the early postpartum period and three time points during the early lactation period. Regarding energy metabolism, prepartum concentrations of NEFA were higher than the physiological standard in both groups. However, NEFA, albumin and urea decreased during the early postpartum period in the supplemented animals and could be attributed to the yeast in enhancing ruminal microorganisms’ cellulolytic capacity, increasing fibre digestibility and starch utilization.Discussion: The increased concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) due to the mobilization of fat deposits that happens in the transition period, especially in the postpartum period reflects the cow’s adaptation to the negative energy balance (NEB). The lower concentrations of NEFA observed in the present study could be attributed to the effect of the yeast in enhancing the ruminal microorganisms’ cellulolytic capacity.[...]

Metabolic and ruminal fluid markers of dairy cows supplemented with a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast

Background: In order to reduce the effects of a negative energy balance, some measures have been taken into account in nutritional management during the transition period. The use of yeast, has been a good alternative used to improve the rumen metabolism and helping the adjustment of the microbiotato the new diet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast on the metabolism of dairy cows during the transition period.Materials, Methods & Results:The experiment was conducted in a semi-extensive system, using 20 Holstein cows, divided equally into a control group (CG) and a supplemented group (SG). The SG received 28 g/animal/day of a combination of yeast culture and hydrolyzed yeast from 20 ± 2 days pre-calving until early lactation (18 ± 3 days). Serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin and urea were determined at calving, and for three time points during the early postpartum period and three time points during the early lactation period. Regarding energy metabolism, prepartum concentrations of NEFA were higher than the physiological standard in both groups. However, NEFA, albumin and urea decreased during the early postpartum period in the supplemented animals and could be attributed to the yeast in enhancing ruminal microorganisms cellulolytic capacity, increasing fibre digestibility and starch utilization.Discussion: The increased concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) due to the mobilization of fat deposits that happens in the transition period, especially in the postpartum period reflects the cows adaptation to the negative energy balance (NEB). The lower concentrations of NEFA observed in the present study could be attributed to the effect of the yeast in enhancing the ruminal microorganisms cellulolytic capacity.[...](AU)

In vitro ability of beer fermentation residue and yeast-based products to bind aflatoxin B1

This study aimed to verify the in vitro ability of beer fermentation residue (BFR) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and five commercial products that differed in the viability and integrity of S. cerevisiae cells to remove aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from a citrate-phosphate buffer solution (CPBS). BFR was collected at a microbrewery and prepared by drying and milling. The commercial yeast-based products were as follows: inactive intact yeast cells from beer alcoholic fermentation, inactive intact yeast cells from sugarcane alcoholic fermentation, hydrolyzed yeast cells, yeast cell walls and active yeast cells. Adsorption assays were performed in CPBS spiked with 1.0 μg AFB1/mL at pH 3.0 and 6.0 for a contact time of 60 min at room temperature. Analysis of AFB1 in the samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. AFB1 adsorption by the products ranged from 45.5% to 69.4% at pH 3.0 and from 24.0% to 63.8% at pH 6.0. The higher percentages (p < 0.05) of AFB1 binding at both pH values were achieved with products containing hydrolyzed yeast cells or yeast cell walls rather than intact cells. The AFB1 binding percentages of BFR were 55.0 ± 5.0% at pH 3.0 and 49.2 ± 4.5% at pH 6.0, which was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from commercial products containing inactive intact yeast cells. The results of this trial indicate that the yeast-based products tested, especially the BFR, have potential applications in animal feeds as a suitable biological method for reducing the adverse effects of aflatoxins.(AU)

Energia metabolizável da levedura de cana-de-açúcar submetida a diferentes temperaturas e tempos de secagem para frangos de corte e poedeiras / Metabolizable energy of sugar cane yeast submitted to different temperatures and drying times for broilers and layers hens

Objetivou-se determinar a temperatura e o tempo de secagem por rolos rotativos, aos quais a, levedura de cana-de-açúcar é submetida que permitam seu melhor aproveitamento energético por galinhas poedeiras e frangos de corte. Para isso foram realizados três ensaios de metabolismo para determinar os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), aparente corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca (CMMS) e da energia bruta (CMEB). O primeiro ensaio foi conduzido com galinhas poedeiras (E1), o segundo com frangos de corte (E2) em crescimento e o terceiro com frangos de corte em diferentes idades (E3). Nos ensaios E1 e E2 os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta referência, milho e farelo de soja, e cinco dietas teste contendo 20% da levedura a ser testada em substituição à ração referência. As leveduras avaliadas foram secas por rolagem e submetidas aos seguintes processamentos: LevA - secagem a 107ºC por 107 segundos; LevB - 95ºC por 107'; LevC - 100ºC por 107'; LevD - 100ºC por 93' e LevE - 100ºC por 123'. No E3 determinou-se a EMA, EMAn, CMMS e CMEB da LevB com frangos de 1 a 8 dias, 14 a 22 dias e 28 a 36 dias de idade. No E1 não foram observadas diferenças nos valores de EMA, EMAn e CMEB entre as leveduras, com médias de 1.773kcal/kg, 1.733kcal/kg e 40,22%, respectivamente. Entretanto o CMMS foi maior para a LevD (50,36%). No E2 os valores de EMA (1.633kcal/kg), EMAn (1.382kcal/kg) e CMEB (32,22%) foram melhores para a LevB, porém não houve diferença significativa nos valores de CMMS (29,63%). No E3 foram encontrados valores de 2.723; 1.604 e 1.414kcal/kg para EMA; 2.366, 1.391 e 1.303kcal/kg para EMAn; 52,43%, 36,74%, e 25,64% para CMMS; e 54,37%, 33,49% e 24,96% para CMEB, nas idades de 1 a 8 dias, 14 a 22 dias e 28 a 36 dias, respectivamente. [...](AU)

This study aimed to determine the temperature and drying time through rotative rolls, that sugar cane yeast is subjected to in order to allow best energy utilization by laying hens and broilers. Three metabolism trials were conducted to determine the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), coefficient of apparent metabolizable dry matter (CAMDM) and gross energy (CAMGE). The first experiment was conducted with laying hens (E1), the second with broilers (E2) in growth and the third with broilers at different ages (E3). In the experiments E1 and E2 the treatments consisted of a reference diet, based on corn and soybean meal, and five test diets containing 20% of the yeast to be tested. The evaluated yeasts were subjected to the following processes: Lev.A) drying at 107°C for 107 seconds; Lev.B) 95°C for 107'; Lev.C) 100ºC for 107'; Lev.D) 100°C for 93' and Lev.E) 100ºC for 123'. For the E3 group AME, AMEn, CAMDM and CAMGE were determined for the Lev.B of broilers with 1 to 8 days 14 to 22 days, and 28 to 36 days of age. In E1 there were no differences in AME, AMEn and CAMGE between yeasts, with mean of 1773kcal/kg 1733kcal/kg and 40.22%, respectively. However the CMMS was greater for Lev.D (50.36%). In E2, the AME (1633kcal/kg), AMEn (1382kcal/kg) and CAMGE (32.22%) were best for Lev.B, but there was no significant difference in the values of CAMMD (29 63%). TheE3 grouphad values of 2723kcal/kg; 1604kcal/kg and 1414kcal/kg of AME; 2366kcal/kg, 1391kcal/kg and 1303kcal/kg of AMEn; 52.43%, 36.74%, and 25.64% of CAMDM; and 54.37%, 33.49% and 24.96% of CAMGE, in the ages of 1 to 8 days, 14 to 22 days and 28 to 36 days, respectively. In conclusion, for layer hens, the yeast should be dried at 100°C for 93' or 107 seconds or 95ºC for 107' and for, broilers, it should be dried at 95°C for 107 seconds(AU)

The uptake of different iron salts by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeasts can be enriched with microelements, including iron; however, special physicochemical conditions are required to formulate a culture media that promotes both yeast growth and iron uptake. Different iron sources do not affect biomass formation; however, considering efficacy, cost, stability, and compatibility with Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, ferrous sulphate is recommended.

Simultaneous and successive inoculations of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation of an unsulfited Tannat grape must

Interactions between yeasts and lactic acid bacteria are strain specific, and their outcome is expected to change in simultaneous alcoholic -malolactic fermentations from the pattern observed in successive fermentations. One Oenococcus oeni strain Lalvin VP41TM was inoculated with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains either simultaneously, three days after the yeast inoculation, or when alcoholic fermentation was close to finish. Early bacterial inoculations with each yeast strain allowed for the growth of the bacterial populations, and the length of malolactic fermentation was reduced to six days. Alcoholic fermentation by Lalvin ICV D80® yeast strain left the highest residual sugar, suggesting a negative effect of the bacterial growth and malolactic activity on its performance. In sequential inoculations the bacterial populations did not show actual growth with either yeast strain. In this strategy, both yeast strains finished the alcoholic fermentations, and malolactic fermentations took longer to finish. Lalvin ICV D80® allowed for higher viability and activity of the bacterial strain than Fermicru UY4® under the three inoculation strategies. This was beneficial for the sequential completion of both fermentations, but negatively affected the completion of alcoholic fermentation by Lalvin ICV D80® in the early bacteria additions. Conversely, Fermicru UY4®, which was rather inhibitory towards the bacteria, favored the timely completion of both fermentations simultaneously. As bacteria in early inoculations with low or no SO2 addition can be expected to multiply and interact with fermenting yeasts, not only are the yeast-bacterium strains combination and time point of the inoculation to be considered, but also the amount of bacteria inoculated.(AU)

Production of bioethanol using agricultural waste: banana pseudo stem

India is amongst the largest banana (Musa acuminata) producing countries and thus banana pseudo stem is commonly available agricultural waste to be used as lignocellulosic substrate. Present study focuses on exploitation of banana pseudo stem as a source for bioethanol production from the sugars released due to different chemical and biological pretreatments. Two fungal strains Aspergillus ellipticus and Aspergillus fumigatus reported to be producing cellulolytic enzymes on sugarcane bagasse were used under co-culture fermentation on banana pseudo stem to degrade holocellulose and facilitate maximum release of reducing sugars. The hydrolysate obtained after alkali and microbial treatments was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3570 to produce ethanol. Fermentation of cellulosic hydrolysate (4.1 g%) gave maximum ethanol (17.1 g/L) with yield (84%) and productivity (0.024 g%/h) after 72 h. Some critical aspects of fungal pretreatment for saccharification of cellulosic substrate using A. ellipticus and A. fumigatus for ethanol production by S. cerevisiae NCIM 3570 have been explored in this study. It was observed that pretreated banana pseudo stem can be economically utilized as a cheaper substrate for ethanol production.

Ethanol production from agricultural wastes using Sacchromyces cervisae

The main objective of this study was production of ethanol from three lignocellulosic biomasses like sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and wheat straw by Sacchromyces cervisae. All the three substrates were ground to powder form (2 mm) and pretreated with 3%H2O2 + 2% NaOH followed by steaming at 130 °C for 60 min. These substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme. The whole fermentation process was carried out in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask under anaerobic conditions in submerged fermentation at 30 °C for three days of incubation period. FTIR analysis of the substrates indicated significant changes in the alteration of the structure occurred after pretreatment which leads to efficient saccharification. After pretreatment the substrates were hydrolyzed by commercial cellulase enzyme and maximum hydrolysis was observed in sugarcane bagasse (64%) followed by rice straw (40%) and wheat straw (34%). Among all these tested substrates, sugarcane bagasse (77 g/L) produced more ethanol as compared to rice straw (62 g/L) and wheat straw (44 g/L) using medium composition of (%) 0.25 (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 KH2PO4, 0.05 MgSO4, 0.25 Yeast extract by S. cervisae.

Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg) / Digestibilidade e biodisponibilidade do fósforo da levedura em dieta de suínos na fase inicial (15-30 kg)

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewers yeast (SCBY) in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.(AU)

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para determinar a biodisponibilidade do fósforo de duas leveduras secas por spray-dry, LEV35 = Cana-de-açúcar e LEV40 = Cana-de-açúcar+cervejaria para suínos na fase inicial, comparando diferentes metodologias (Coeficiente de Digestibilidade Aparente-CDAP e Verdadeira-CDVP do fósforo, Método da Relação dos Coeficientes de Regressão ou Slope Ratio e o Método da Curva Padrão). No Experimento I foi conduzido um ensaio de digestibilidade utilizando 30 leitões mestiços, com 22,69 4,24kg de peso vivo, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os valores médios de CDAP e CDVP foram 62,68 e 64,15% para a LVE35 e 77,01 e 79,33% para a LEV40. Os CDAP e CDVP para a LEV40 foram maiores (P<0,05) que os valores da LEV35. No Experimento II foi conduzido um ensaio de crescimento, utilizando 56 leitões mestiços, com peso inicial de 15,11 ± 3,43kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos, quatro repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta basal sem suplementação de P e a mesma com suplementação de dois níveis de fósforo (0,053 e 0,105) provenientes do fosfato bicálcico, LEV35 e LEV40. A biodisponibilidade relativa do fósforo foi diferente (P<0,05) para as duas leveduras, sendo o valor médio de 57,23% para a LEV35 e 91,96% para a LEV40, o que corresponde a 0,30% e 0,40% de fósforo disponível, respectivamente.(AU)

Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg) / Digestibilidade e biodisponibilidade do fósforo da levedura em dieta de suínos na fase inicial (15-30 kg)

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewers yeast (SCBY) in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para determinar a biodisponibilidade do fósforo de duas leveduras secas por spray-dry, LEV35 = Cana-de-açúcar e LEV40 = Cana-de-açúcar+cervejaria para suínos na fase inicial, comparando diferentes metodologias (Coeficiente de Digestibilidade Aparente-CDAP e Verdadeira-CDVP do fósforo, Método da Relação dos Coeficientes de Regressão ou Slope Ratio e o Método da Curva Padrão). No Experimento I foi conduzido um ensaio de digestibilidade utilizando 30 leitões mestiços, com 22,69 4,24kg de peso vivo, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os valores médios de CDAP e CDVP foram 62,68 e 64,15% para a LVE35 e 77,01 e 79,33% para a LEV40. Os CDAP e CDVP para a LEV40 foram maiores (P<0,05) que os valores da LEV35. No Experimento II foi conduzido um ensaio de crescimento, utilizando 56 leitões mestiços, com peso inicial de 15,11 ± 3,43kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos, quatro repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta basal sem suplementação de P e a mesma com suplementação de dois níveis de fósforo (0,053 e 0,105) provenientes do fosfato bicálcico, LEV35 e LEV40. A biodisponibilidade relativa do fósforo foi diferente (P<0,05) para as duas leveduras, sendo o valor médio de 57,23% para a LEV35 e 91,96% para a LEV40, o que corresponde a 0,30% e 0,40% de fósforo disponível, respectivamente.

Avaliação do uso de mananoproteínas de parede celular de levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) em rações para frango de corte criados em clima quente e úmido

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo e sanitário de frangos de corte, quente e úmido, a partir da utilização de mananoproteínas da parede celular de levedura de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, verificar a resposta no desempenho de analisar a resposta no controle dos microorganismos Escherichia Coli e Salmonella sp., verificar o desenvolvimento de órgãos imunológicos (Bursa de Fabrícius e baço) e o efeito conjugado das mananoproteínas de levedura de Sacharomices cerevisae com o antibiótico promotor de crescimento HALQUINOL. O delineamento adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições e 26 aves por repetição. Os tratamentos foram: sem inclusão do produto ACTIGENTM (T1); inclusão de 400g na inicial e 400g no crescimento/acabamento de ACTIGENTM, por tonelada de ração (T2); inclusão de 400g na inicial e 200g no crescimento/acabamento de ACTIGENTM, por tonelada de ração (T3); inclusão de 400g na inicial e 200g no crescimento/acabamento de ACTIGENTM, por tonelada de ração + APC (30 ppm de Halquinol); sem a inclusão do produto ACTIGENTM + APC (30 ppm de Halquinol) (T5). Não foram identificadas diferenças estatísticas em análise as variáveis de desempenho Ganho de Peso Diário (GPD), Viabilidade e Índice de Eficiência Produtiva (IEP). No entanto, as médias para a conversão alimentar apresentaram diferenças (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos, sendo que o T4 apresentou melhores resultados. O consumo de ração também foi influenciado pela dieta, pois, houve variação entre as médias semanais dos tratamentos para o consumo de ração, em todas as fases observadas (P<0,05), sendo que os animais do T5, que apresentaram maior consumo. Os tratamentos mostraram-se eficientes quanto ao controle de microrganismos, resultando a animais sadios. Conclui-se que a Parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae pode ter ação comparada aos melhoradores de desempenho

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and health of broilers reared in hot and humid climate, from the use of mananoproteíns from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, check the response performance to analyze the response in the control of microorganisms Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp., check the development of immune organs (Bursa of Fabricius and spleen) and the combined effect of mananoproteíns from Sacharomices cerevisiae yeast with the antibiotic growth promoter halquinol. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments, eight replicates and 26 birds per replicate. The treatments were: no addition product ACTIGENTM (T1); inclusion of 400g on initial ration and 400g in growing / finishing ration with ACTIGENTM per ton feed (T2); inclusion of 400g on initial ration and 200g in growing / finishing ration of ACTIGENTM by ton of feed (T3); inclusion of 400g on initial ration and 200g in the growth / finishing ration with ACTIGENTM, per ton of feed + APC (30 ppm halquinol); No inclusion of the product ACTIGENTM + APC (30 ppm halquinol) (T5). No statistical differences were identified in analyzing the performance variables Average Daily Gain (ADG), Feasibility and Productive Efficiency Ratio (FEPR). However, the means to feed conversion showed differences (P<0.05) between treatments, and the T4 presented better results. Feed intake was also influenced by diet, therefore, there was variation between the average weekly treatments for feed intake, from all stages observed (P<0.05), the animals of the T5, showed a higher intake. Treatments were effective on the control of microorganisms, resulting in the healthy animals. It is concluded that the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be compared to the action performance enhancers.

Avaliação do uso de mananoproteínas de parede celular de levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) em rações para frango de corte criados em clima quente e úmido

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo e sanitário de frangos de corte, quente e úmido, a partir da utilização de mananoproteínas da parede celular de levedura de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, verificar a resposta no desempenho de analisar a resposta no controle dos microorganismos Escherichia Coli e Salmonella sp., verificar o desenvolvimento de órgãos imunológicos (Bursa de Fabrícius e baço) e o efeito conjugado das mananoproteínas de levedura de Sacharomices cerevisae com o antibiótico promotor de crescimento HALQUINOL. O delineamento adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições e 26 aves por repetição. Os tratamentos foram: sem inclusão do produto ACTIGENTM (T1); inclusão de 400g na inicial e 400g no crescimento/acabamento de ACTIGENTM, por tonelada de ração (T2); inclusão de 400g na inicial e 200g no crescimento/acabamento de ACTIGENTM, por tonelada de ração (T3); inclusão de 400g na inicial e 200g no crescimento/acabamento de ACTIGENTM, por tonelada de ração + APC (30 ppm de Halquinol); sem a inclusão do produto ACTIGENTM + APC (30 ppm de Halquinol) (T5). Não foram identificadas diferenças estatísticas em análise as variáveis de desempenho Ganho de Peso Diário (GPD), Viabilidade e Índice de Eficiência Produtiva (IEP). No entanto, as médias para a conversão alimentar apresentaram diferenças (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos, sendo que o T4 apresentou melhores resultados. O consumo de ração também foi influenciado pela dieta, pois, houve variação entre as médias semanais dos tratamentos para o consumo de ração, em todas as fases observadas (P<0,05), sendo que os animais do T5, que apresentaram maior consumo. Os tratamentos mostraram-se eficientes quanto ao controle de microrganismos, resultando a animais sadios. Conclui-se que a Parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae pode ter ação comparada aos melhoradores de desempenho(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and health of broilers reared in hot and humid climate, from the use of mananoproteíns from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, check the response performance to analyze the response in the control of microorganisms Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp., check the development of immune organs (Bursa of Fabricius and spleen) and the combined effect of mananoproteíns from Sacharomices cerevisiae yeast with the antibiotic growth promoter halquinol. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments, eight replicates and 26 birds per replicate. The treatments were: no addition product ACTIGENTM (T1); inclusion of 400g on initial ration and 400g in growing / finishing ration with ACTIGENTM per ton feed (T2); inclusion of 400g on initial ration and 200g in growing / finishing ration of ACTIGENTM by ton of feed (T3); inclusion of 400g on initial ration and 200g in the growth / finishing ration with ACTIGENTM, per ton of feed + APC (30 ppm halquinol); No inclusion of the product ACTIGENTM + APC (30 ppm halquinol) (T5). No statistical differences were identified in analyzing the performance variables Average Daily Gain (ADG), Feasibility and Productive Efficiency Ratio (FEPR). However, the means to feed conversion showed differences (P<0.05) between treatments, and the T4 presented better results. Feed intake was also influenced by diet, therefore, there was variation between the average weekly treatments for feed intake, from all stages observed (P<0.05), the animals of the T5, showed a higher intake. Treatments were effective on the control of microorganisms, resulting in the healthy animals. It is concluded that the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be compared to the action performance enhancers.(AU)