Petroleum biodegrading and co-resistance to antibiotics by Serratia marcescens strain isolated in Coari, Amazonas / Biodegradação do petróleo e corresistência a antibióticos por Serratia marcescens isolada em Coari, Amazonas

Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacillus, anaerobic facultative belonging to the familyEnterobacteriaceae. S. marcescens strains are able to grow in the presence of different xenobiotic compounds,among them, petroleum and heavy metals. Xenobiotic resistant strains develop concomitant resistance tomultiple antibiotics, referred to as co-resistance. The AMS212 strain was submitted to the microplatequalitative DCPIP - redox 2,6 dichlorophenol indophenol method. The quantitative test was carried out inErlenmeyer flasks, followed by the change of color with the absorbance readings, trough the colorimetricmethod. The antibiotic resistance profile was evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer method. In the qualitativeassay, the AMS212 strain altered the color of the DCPIP, which changed from blue to colorless,confirming that petroleum biodegradation occurred. In the quantitative test, the readings were decreasing,confirming that the concentration of DCPIP decreased as a function of the incubation time. Thesusceptibility test revealed that the AMS212 strain presented multiresistance to four different antibiotics. S.marcescens presented high performance in the biodegradation of petroleum, opening possibility to use it inprojects involving the remediation of impacted areas. The expression of the antibiotic co-resistancephenotype confirms that the AMS212 strain is able to withstand different environmental aggressions.(AU)

Serratia marcescens é um bacilo Gram-negativo, anaeróbio facultativo, pertencente à famíliaEnterobacteriaceae. Linhagens de S. marcescens são capazes de crescer na presença de diferentes compostosxenobióticos, dentre eles, petróleo e metais pesados. Linhagens resistentes a xenobióticos desenvolvemconcomitante resistência a múltiplos antibióticos, denominada corresistência. A linhagem AMS212 foisubmetida ao método colorimétrico com indicador DCPIP - redox 2,6 diclorofenol indofenol, qualitativo,em microplacas. O teste quantitativo foi realizado em frascos Erlenmeyer, acompanhando-se a mudança decoloração, com as leituras das absorbâncias. Avaliou-se o perfil de resistência a antibióticos pelo método deKirby-Bauer. No ensaio qualitativo, a linhagem AMS212 alterou a cor do DCPIP, que passou de azul paraincolor, confirmando que ocorreu biodegradação do petróleo. No teste quantitativo, as leituras foramdecrescentes, confirmando que a concentração do DCPIP diminuiu em função do tempo de incubação. O testede susceptibilidade revelou que a linhagem AMS212 apresenta multirresistência a quatro antibióticos diferentes.S. marcescens apresentou alto desempenho na biodegradação do petróleo, abrindo possibilidade de utilizá-la emprojetos envolvendo a remediação de áreas impactadas. A expressão do fenótipo de corresistência a antibióticosconfirma que a linhagem AMS212 é capaz de resistir a diferentes agressões ambientais.(AU)

Draft genome sequence of a GES-5-producing Serratia marcescens isolated in southern Brazil

Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative rod intrinsically resistant to polymyxins and usually associated with wound, respiratory and urinary tract infections. The whole genome of the first GES-5-producing S. marcescens isolated from a Brazilian patient was sequenced using Ion Torrent PGM System. Besides blaGES-5, we were able to identify genes encoding for other β-lactamases, for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and for an efflux pump to tetracyclines.(AU)

Enterobactérias no leite comercializado informalmente em quatro municípios do sul do Piauí, Brasil / Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk informally marketed in four cities of South of the Piauí, Brazil

Enterobacteriaceae can be present in the environment and in the intestine of warmblooded animals. This study aimed to isolate and identify enterobacteria in informally marketed milk in cities of South of the Piaui. 52 milk samples were acquired at different points of Bom Jesus, Redenção do Gurguéia, Santa Luz and Cristino Castro, Piaui, which were taken into Styrofoam containing ice to food microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí, in Bom Jesus, where held the bacterial isolation in MacConkey, EMB and XLD. The conclusive biochemical identification and agglutination test was held at the Enterobacteria Laboratory of FIOCRUZ, (Rio de Janeiro-RJ). From the 37 strains, identified the species Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobater freundii, Providencia rettigeri and Serratia marcescens. The informally marketed milk is contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae that can be pathogenic and should be taken preventive measures, such as pasteurization of milk.

Enterobactérias no leite comercializado informalmente em quatro municípios do sul do Piauí, Brasil / Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk informally marketed in four cities of South of the Piauí, Brazil

Enterobacteriaceae can be present in the environment and in the intestine of warmblooded animals. This study aimed to isolate and identify enterobacteria in informally marketed milk in cities of South of the Piaui. 52 milk samples were acquired at different points of Bom Jesus, Redenção do Gurguéia, Santa Luz and Cristino Castro, Piaui, which were taken into Styrofoam containing ice to food microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí, in Bom Jesus, where held the bacterial isolation in MacConkey, EMB and XLD. The conclusive biochemical identification and agglutination test was held at the Enterobacteria Laboratory of FIOCRUZ, (Rio de Janeiro-RJ). From the 37 strains, identified the species Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobater freundii, Providencia rettigeri and Serratia marcescens. The informally marketed milk is contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae that can be pathogenic and should be taken preventive measures, such as pasteurization of milk.(AU)

Enhanced production of prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens MO-1 using ram horn peptone

This work addresses the production of prodigiosin from ram horn peptone (RHP) using MO-1, a local isolate in submerged culture. First, a novel gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterial strain, MO-1, was isolated from the body of the grasshopper (Poecilemon tauricola Ramme 1951), which was collected from pesticide-contaminated fields. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA classified the microbe as Serratia marcescens. The substrate utilization potential (BIOLOG) and fatty acid methyl ester profile (FAME) of S. marcescens were also determined. The effect of RHP on the production of prodigiosin by S. marcescens MO-1 was investigated, and the results showed that RHP supplementation promoted the growth of MO-1 and increased the production of prodigiosin. A concentration of 0.4% (w/v) RHP resulted in the greatest yield of prodigiosin (277.74 mg/L) after 48 h when mannitol was used as the sole source of carbon. The pigment yield was also influenced by the types of carbon sources and peptones. As a result, RHP was demonstrated to be a suitable substrate for prodigiosin production. These results revealed that prodigiosin could be produced efficiently by S. marcescens using RHP.(AU)

Microbiota characterization of the catfish (Cathorops agassizii and Genidens genidens) sting venom / Caracterização microbiológica do veneno do ferrão do Bagre (Cathoropsagassizii and Genidens genidens)

This work aimed to study the bacterial contamination of the catfishes stings Genidens genidens (Valenciennes, 1839); and Cathorops agassizii (Agassiz, 1829) found in the estuary-bay complex of Santos and São Vicente (São Paulo State). Fish samples for bacteriological analyses were obtained and constituted of a group of 50 specimens, being 25 of Cathorops agassizii and 25 of Genidens genidens,. The bacteriological analyses showed that there was contamination of the stings by 13 different strains of Enterobacteriaceae with Klebsiella pneumoniae (26,80%) as the most frequent bacteria and lower percentual frequencies for Enterobacter sp and Escherichia coli (16,27%) and Serratia marcescens, Serratia sp. and Proteus mirabilis (1,16%). Gram positive bacteria, as well fungi species were not detected in the samples. In basis of the Gram negative species characterized , is possible to consider the bacterial strains are representative of the environmental public health conditions, as well as, accidents with these fish stings are able to develop significative acute secondary infections in humans.(AU)

Este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo da contaminação bacteriana do veneno do ferrão dos bagres Genidens genidens (Valenciennes, 1839); e Cathorops agassizji (Agassiz, 1829) encontrados no Complexo Baia-Estuário de Santos e de São Vicente (Estado de São Paulo). Foram obtidas amostras dos peixes para análises bacteriológicas que constituíam de um grupo de 50 espécimes sendo, 25 Cathorops agassizii e 25 de Genidens genidens. As análises bacteriológicas mostraram que havia contaminação nos ferrões por 13 diferentes linhagens de Enterobacteriaceae, sendo a Klebsiella pneumoniae (26,80%) a bactéria mais freqüente enquanto que as Enterobacter sp e Escherichia coli (16,27%), Serratia marcescens, Serratia sp e Proteus mirabilis (1,16%) apresentaram os mais baixos percentuais de contaminação. Nas amostras que apresentaram Bactérias Gram positivas não foram detectadas espécies de fungos. Enquanto que nas amostras que apresentaram bactérias Gram negativas, foi possível considerar alta contaminação bacteriana representando periculosidade em relação aos aspectos ambientais voltados á saúde pública. Destaca-se ainda que acidentes ocorridos por ferimentos causados em função do ferrão do bagre podem desenvolver significativas infecções secundárias agudas em humanos.(AU)