Tratamento cirúrgico para harpejamento idiopático em equino: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of idiopathic stringhalt in a horse: case report

O harpejamento é uma anormalidade caracterizada pela hiperflexão involuntária de um ou dos dois membros pélvicos, manifestando-se como claudicação de intensidade e frequência diversificada, variando de grau leve a severo. Essa enfermidade pode ocorrer por traumas no membro pélvico, exercício repetitivo, além de intoxicação por ingestão de plantas tóxicas, porém não apresenta etiologia bem definida. Pode ser classificado como harpejamento australiano ou harpejamento clássico/idiopático, apresentando sinais clínicos semelhantes, porém a primeira forma diferencia-se da segunda pela gravidade, ocorrência em surtos, sazonalidade e recuperação espontânea dos animais acometidos. O tratamento pode ser medicamentoso, com terapias complementares, ou por intervenção cirúrgica. O prognóstico é de reservado a favorável de acordo com o quadro clínico do animal. Este trabalho descreve um caso de harpejamento idiopático com enfoque na apresentação clínica e forma de tratamento.

Stringhalt is an abnormality characterized by involuntary hyperflexion of one or both hindlimb with lameness of different intensity and frequency, varying from mild to severe. The cause of this disease can be trauma, repetitive exercise and poisoning by ingesting toxic plants, although it has not a defined etiology. It is classified as Australian stringhalt or classic/idiopathic stringhalt, and in both of them the clinical sings are similar. The first one differs from the second by: severity, outbreak occurrence and spontaneous recovery of the affected horse. Treatment can be conservative, with complementary therapies, or by surgical intervention. The prognosis is guarded to favorable according to the patient clinical condition. This study describes a case of idiopathic stringhalt focusing on clinical presentation and treatment.

Tratamento cirúrgico para harpejamento idiopático em equino: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of idiopathic stringhalt in a horse: case report

O harpejamento é uma anormalidade caracterizada pela hiperflexão involuntária de um ou dos dois membros pélvicos, manifestando-se como claudicação de intensidade e frequência diversificada, variando de grau leve a severo. Essa enfermidade pode ocorrer por traumas no membro pélvico, exercício repetitivo, além de intoxicação por ingestão de plantas tóxicas, porém não apresenta etiologia bem definida. Pode ser classificado como harpejamento australiano ou harpejamento clássico/idiopático, apresentando sinais clínicos semelhantes, porém a primeira forma diferencia-se da segunda pela gravidade, ocorrência em surtos, sazonalidade e recuperação espontânea dos animais acometidos. O tratamento pode ser medicamentoso, com terapias complementares, ou por intervenção cirúrgica. O prognóstico é de reservado a favorável de acordo com o quadro clínico do animal. Este trabalho descreve um caso de harpejamento idiopático com enfoque na apresentação clínica e forma de tratamento.(AU)

Stringhalt is an abnormality characterized by involuntary hyperflexion of one or both hindlimb with lameness of different intensity and frequency, varying from mild to severe. The cause of this disease can be trauma, repetitive exercise and poisoning by ingesting toxic plants, although it has not a defined etiology. It is classified as Australian stringhalt or classic/idiopathic stringhalt, and in both of them the clinical sings are similar. The first one differs from the second by: severity, outbreak occurrence and spontaneous recovery of the affected horse. Treatment can be conservative, with complementary therapies, or by surgical intervention. The prognosis is guarded to favorable according to the patient clinical condition. This study describes a case of idiopathic stringhalt focusing on clinical presentation and treatment.(AU)

Pantarsal arthrodesis with a customized titanium medial plate in a dog

Background: Tibiotarsal joint luxations are mostly traumatic and due to automobile accidents. The arthrodesis of this joint is considered the final solution for trauma with ligament lesions without repair, luxations without possibility of joint recovery and chronic joint diseases. The direction to which the joint is dislocated is associated with the forces of trauma, and bilateral ligament injuries are not uncommon. However, the medial ligaments are more frequently injured. The aim of this study is to describe the performance of pantarsal arthrodesis using a customized titanium plate for application to the medial surface of the joint.Case: An undefined breed dog, weighing 21.5 kg, was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) with history of trauma and injury in the right pelvic limb. After physical and radiographic examinations it was diagnosed with an exposed luxation of the tibiotarsal joint and tissue loss in the region. The tibiotarsal region was cleaned and a bandage was made daily until the first surgical procedure, which occurred five days later. Initially, it was treated without success with the use of a transarticular external fixator1 . Subsequently, pantarsal arthrodesis was performed using a customized titanium angled plate (Made by a private manufacturer based on the functional angulation of the tibiotarsal joint of the contralateral limb). The joint was accessed for exposure of the distal portion of the tibia, tarsal and metatarsals bones. Wear of the articular surfaces was performed and then the customized angulation plate for pantarsal arthrodesis was placed on the medial side of the joint. Bicortical drillings were performed, starting with the proximal orifice. According to the holes of the plate, five 3.5 mm diameter screws1 (four at the distal tibia and one at the tarsus) and four 2.7 mm diameter screws were used in the metatarsal bones.[...](AU)

Pantarsal arthrodesis with a customized titanium medial plate in a dog

Background: Tibiotarsal joint luxations are mostly traumatic and due to automobile accidents. The arthrodesis of this joint is considered the final solution for trauma with ligament lesions without repair, luxations without possibility of joint recovery and chronic joint diseases. The direction to which the joint is dislocated is associated with the forces of trauma, and bilateral ligament injuries are not uncommon. However, the medial ligaments are more frequently injured. The aim of this study is to describe the performance of pantarsal arthrodesis using a customized titanium plate for application to the medial surface of the joint.Case: An undefined breed dog, weighing 21.5 kg, was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) with history of trauma and injury in the right pelvic limb. After physical and radiographic examinations it was diagnosed with an exposed luxation of the tibiotarsal joint and tissue loss in the region. The tibiotarsal region was cleaned and a bandage was made daily until the first surgical procedure, which occurred five days later. Initially, it was treated without success with the use of a transarticular external fixator1 . Subsequently, pantarsal arthrodesis was performed using a customized titanium angled plate (Made by a private manufacturer based on the functional angulation of the tibiotarsal joint of the contralateral limb). The joint was accessed for exposure of the distal portion of the tibia, tarsal and metatarsals bones. Wear of the articular surfaces was performed and then the customized angulation plate for pantarsal arthrodesis was placed on the medial side of the joint. Bicortical drillings were performed, starting with the proximal orifice. According to the holes of the plate, five 3.5 mm diameter screws1 (four at the distal tibia and one at the tarsus) and four 2.7 mm diameter screws were used in the metatarsal bones.[...]

Associação de placa LC-LCP e pino intramedular para artrodese pantarsal / Association of LC-LCP plate and intramedular pin for pantarsal arthrodesis

The objective of this work was to report the case of a dog with limb claudication of the right pelvic limb five months ago, using intramedullary pin associated with the LC-LCP plate in the surgical treatment. The surgical approach was made cranial to the tibiotarsal joint, applying the normalized 3mm intramedullary pin through the tibia to the calcaneus. A nine-hole 3.5 mm LC-LCP plate was applied associated with the pin using four proximally locked bolts and three distal locked bolts. On the eighth postoperative day, the animal returned daily activities while maintaining the integrity of the implant. The association of intramedullary pin with LC-LCP plaque promoted additional stability, thus reducing complications, which allowed us to introduce another alternative for the performance of pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs.(AU)

Associação de placa LC-LCP e pino intramedular para artrodese pantarsal / Association of LC-LCP plate and intramedular pin for pantarsal arthrodesis

The objective of this work was to report the case of a dog with limb claudication of the right pelvic limb five months ago, using intramedullary pin associated with the LC-LCP plate in the surgical treatment. The surgical approach was made cranial to the tibiotarsal joint, applying the normalized 3mm intramedullary pin through the tibia to the calcaneus. A nine-hole 3.5 mm LC-LCP plate was applied associated with the pin using four proximally locked bolts and three distal locked bolts. On the eighth postoperative day, the animal returned daily activities while maintaining the integrity of the implant. The association of intramedullary pin with LC-LCP plaque promoted additional stability, thus reducing complications, which allowed us to introduce another alternative for the performance of pantarsal arthrodesis in dogs.

Pantarsal arthrodesis with a locking plate as treatment for reabsorptive calcaneal injury in an obese dog: case report

The purpose of this study was to describe a pantarsal arthrodesis using a medial locking plate in an overweight dog. A 5-year-old, 28 kg, female dachshund presented with a left plantigraded hindlimb with calcaneous osteolytic injury and bone exposure. First, the patient was treated for the skin wound and started on a weight-loss program. A customized locking plate was used in the pantarsal arthrodesis. A normal hindlimb position and gait were observed after 27 days, and bone fusion was achieved at 60 days postoperatively. Implant removal was performed at 120 days, and the patient was discharged. The dog was kept on weight-loss therapy until it achieved a body weight of 11 kg. The customized bone implant used for pantarsal arthrodesis proved feasible and effective in treating an obese dog with low bone density.

Pantarsal arthrodesis with a locking plate as treatment for reabsorptive calcaneal injury in an obese dog: case report

The purpose of this study was to describe a pantarsal arthrodesis using a medial locking plate in an overweight dog. A 5-year-old, 28 kg, female dachshund presented with a left plantigraded hindlimb with calcaneous osteolytic injury and bone exposure. First, the patient was treated for the skin wound and started on a weight-loss program. A customized locking plate was used in the pantarsal arthrodesis. A normal hindlimb position and gait were observed after 27 days, and bone fusion was achieved at 60 days postoperatively. Implant removal was performed at 120 days, and the patient was discharged. The dog was kept on weight-loss therapy until it achieved a body weight of 11 kg. The customized bone implant used for pantarsal arthrodesis proved feasible and effective in treating an obese dog with low bone density.(AU)

Canine tarsal gland epitheliomas and adenomas: a retrospective study of 290 cases in Brazil

A total of 290 cases of tarsal gland adenomas and epitheliomas from canine patients were analyzed to determine the frequency and to better characterize their histopathological features. Tissue samples were examined in two veterinary pathology laboratories in Curitiba, Brazil, which receive samples from all over the country. Tarsal epitheliomas were significantly more frequent than tarsal adenomas (77.9% and 20.7%, respectively). In four cases (1.4%), the lesion contained both types of neoplasms. A total of 39 breeds were represented. The most common breeds were: English cocker spaniel (12.4%), poodle (10.3%) and Labrador retriever (9.3%). Mixed breed dogs represented 13.1% of the total. The upper eyelids were most commonly affected (65.2%), males and females were equally represented and there did not appear to be a predilection for either side of the face. Mitotic figures were most common in epitheliomas. The pigmented subtype was the most common form of epithelioma (59.7%). Whereas within the adenomas, the classic subtype (without inflammation or pigmentation) was the most common form (61.7%); and the inflamed subtype was also highly represented (20.0%).

Osteossíntese de tibiotarso através de configuração tieinem Gavião Asa-De-Telha (Parabuteo unicinctus) - Relato de Caso / Tibiotarsus osteosynthesis in Harris's hawk using tie-in – a case report

The method of fixation should be well tolerated and its application must be made in theshortest possible surgery and anesthesia times. This report describes the surgicalmanagement of a Harris's hawk who, on orthopedic examination, had functional impotenceof the pelvic limb right. A transverse complete fracture of the tibiotarsus was observed onradiographic examination. Closed fracture reduction was chosen and osteosynthesis withhybrid external fixator with tied-in intramedullary pin. After 30 days it was bone healingwas confirmed.

Diagnóstico radiográfico e tomográfico de osteocondrose dissecante em tarso de cão / Radiographic and tomographic diagnosis of tarsal osteochondrosis dissecans in dog

Background: The tarsal joint is the third most commonly joint affected by osteochondrosis in dogs. This joint is affected in 4 to 9% of the cases, and in 50% of these cases the disease is bilateral. Radiological signs include defect in the subchondral bone, sclerotic margin, and fragment of mineralized cartilage. Dorsoplantar in flexion and oblique radiologic images are necessary to show tarsal osteochondrosis. Computed tomography avoid overlap of bone structures and allows better visualization of subchondral lesions, showing the exact location, size and number of fragments. The objective of this study is to report a case of bilateral osteochondrosis dissecans in tarsal joint in Rottweiler. Case: A female Rottweiler was examined and presented a history of pain and difficulty in raising the pelvic limbs. There was pain in the right tibiotarsal joint (RTJ) with evident joint cracking and, after three months, the left pelvic limb started to show the same signs. Radiographic examination of the RTJ showed a small osteochondral fragment in the distal medial border of the medial malleolus of the tibia, subchondral sclerosis with radiolucent area in the medial malleolus of the tibia, and a small lateral periarticular osteophyte in the intertarsal joint. The left tibiotarsal joint (LTJ) showed mild articular incongruity and minor increase in radiological interlinear space, diffuse sclerosis in the medial malleolus and in the subchondral surface of the trochlear crest. This exam also showed a small radiolucent area in the medial malleolus of the tibia, a small fragment of radiopaque adjacent bone, and minor subchondral bone irregularity in the medial margin of the medial trochlea. The radiographic examination of the RTJ was inconclusive. Computed tomography was requested and suggested the diagnosis of medial osteochondritis dissecans in the distal talus...

Canine tarsal gland epitheliomas and adenomas: a retrospective study of 290 cases in Brazil

A total of 290 cases of tarsal gland adenomas and epitheliomas from canine patients were analyzed to determine the frequency and to better characterize their histopathological features. Tissue samples were examined in two veterinary pathology laboratories in Curitiba, Brazil, which receive samples from all over the country. Tarsal epitheliomas were significantly more frequent than tarsal adenomas (77.9% and 20.7%, respectively). In four cases (1.4%), the lesion contained both types of neoplasms. A total of 39 breeds were represented. The most common breeds were: English cocker spaniel (12.4%), poodle (10.3%) and Labrador retriever (9.3%). Mixed breed dogs represented 13.1% of the total. The upper eyelids were most commonly affected (65.2%), males and females were equally represented and there did not appear to be a predilection for either side of the face. Mitotic figures were most common in epitheliomas. The pigmented subtype was the most common form of epithelioma (59.7%). Whereas within the adenomas, the classic subtype (without inflammation or pigmentation) was the most common form (61.7%); and the inflamed subtype was also highly represented (20.0%).(AU)

Osteossíntese de tibiotarso através de configuração tieinem Gavião Asa-De-Telha (Parabuteo unicinctus) - Relato de Caso / Tibiotarsus osteosynthesis in Harris's hawk using tie-in a case report

The method of fixation should be well tolerated and its application must be made in theshortest possible surgery and anesthesia times. This report describes the surgicalmanagement of a Harris's hawk who, on orthopedic examination, had functional impotenceof the pelvic limb right. A transverse complete fracture of the tibiotarsus was observed onradiographic examination. Closed fracture reduction was chosen and osteosynthesis withhybrid external fixator with tied-in intramedullary pin. After 30 days it was bone healingwas confirmed.(AU)

Diagnóstico radiográfico e tomográfico de osteocondrose dissecante em tarso de cão / Radiographic and tomographic diagnosis of tarsal osteochondrosis dissecans in dog

Background: The tarsal joint is the third most commonly joint affected by osteochondrosis in dogs. This joint is affected in 4 to 9% of the cases, and in 50% of these cases the disease is bilateral. Radiological signs include defect in the subchondral bone, sclerotic margin, and fragment of mineralized cartilage. Dorsoplantar in flexion and oblique radiologic images are necessary to show tarsal osteochondrosis. Computed tomography avoid overlap of bone structures and allows better visualization of subchondral lesions, showing the exact location, size and number of fragments. The objective of this study is to report a case of bilateral osteochondrosis dissecans in tarsal joint in Rottweiler. Case: A female Rottweiler was examined and presented a history of pain and difficulty in raising the pelvic limbs. There was pain in the right tibiotarsal joint (RTJ) with evident joint cracking and, after three months, the left pelvic limb started to show the same signs. Radiographic examination of the RTJ showed a small osteochondral fragment in the distal medial border of the medial malleolus of the tibia, subchondral sclerosis with radiolucent area in the medial malleolus of the tibia, and a small lateral periarticular osteophyte in the intertarsal joint. The left tibiotarsal joint (LTJ) showed mild articular incongruity and minor increase in radiological interlinear space, diffuse sclerosis in the medial malleolus and in the subchondral surface of the trochlear crest. This exam also showed a small radiolucent area in the medial malleolus of the tibia, a small fragment of radiopaque adjacent bone, and minor subchondral bone irregularity in the medial margin of the medial trochlea. The radiographic examination of the RTJ was inconclusive. Computed tomography was requested and suggested the diagnosis of medial osteochondritis dissecans in the distal talus...(AU)

Injury scores and locomotor disorders of Holstein cows in a free-stall facility with different beds / Escore de lesões e transtornos de locomoção de vacas Holandesas em instalações free-stall com diferentes tipos de cama

The aim of the present study was to evaluate hock and knee injuries and locomotor disorders in 36 multiparous Holstein cows confined in a free-stall model system with two types of beds at Embrapa Dairy Cattle in the city of Coronel Pacheco / MG. Rubber composite beds and sand beds were compared and the hock and knee injuries and locomotor disorders were assessed for severity scores. There was no difference between the scores or hock lesions observed at the beginning and end of the trial period for knee injuries in both beds. The two beds offer the same conditions of comfort, injury rates, and hull health, at least in the short term.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar lesões de jarrete e joelho e transtornos de locomoção em 36 vacas Holandesas multíparas confinadas em sistema modelo free-stall com dois tipos de camas, na Embrapa Gado de Leite do município de Coronel Pacheco/MG. Empregaram-se camas de borracha composta e camas de areia. As lesões de jarrete e joelho e transtornos de locomoção foram avaliados em escores de gravidade. Observou-se que não houve diferença entre os escores observados no início e ao final do período experimental para as lesões de joelho em ambos os materiais de cama, o mesmo foi observado para lesões de jarrete, em animais alojados sobre cama de areia. As lesões se mantiveram com os mesmos escores durante o período estudado, demonstrando assim que as duas camas oferecem a mesma condição de conforto em relação a lesões e saúde do casco, pelo menos, em curto prazo de tempo.(AU)

Injury scores and locomotor disorders of Holstein cows in a free-stall facility with different beds / Escore de lesões e transtornos de locomoção de vacas Holandesas em instalações free-stall com diferentes tipos de cama

The aim of the present study was to evaluate hock and knee injuries and locomotor disorders in 36 multiparous Holstein cows confined in a free-stall model system with two types of beds at Embrapa Dairy Cattle in the city of Coronel Pacheco / MG. Rubber composite beds and sand beds were compared and the hock and knee injuries and locomotor disorders were assessed for severity scores. There was no difference between the scores or hock lesions observed at the beginning and end of the trial period for knee injuries in both beds. The two beds offer the same conditions of comfort, injury rates, and hull health, at least in the short term.

Objetivou-se avaliar lesões de jarrete e joelho e transtornos de locomoção em 36 vacas Holandesas multíparas confinadas em sistema modelo free-stall com dois tipos de camas, na Embrapa Gado de Leite do município de Coronel Pacheco/MG. Empregaram-se camas de borracha composta e camas de areia. As lesões de jarrete e joelho e transtornos de locomoção foram avaliados em escores de gravidade. Observou-se que não houve diferença entre os escores observados no início e ao final do período experimental para as lesões de joelho em ambos os materiais de cama, o mesmo foi observado para lesões de jarrete, em animais alojados sobre cama de areia. As lesões se mantiveram com os mesmos escores durante o período estudado, demonstrando assim que as duas camas oferecem a mesma condição de conforto em relação a lesões e saúde do casco, pelo menos, em curto prazo de tempo.

Osteology and radiographic anatomy of the hind limbs in Marshdeer (Blastocerus dichotomus) / Anatomia óssea e radiográfica do membro pélvico do cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus)

The knowledge of anatomical structures found in wild animals is important for the practice of medical and surgical clinic. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the osteology and radiographic anatomy of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsal and phalanges of the Marshdeer Blastocerus dichotomus as a reference for clinical use and species identification. Most structures were similar to those found in domestic animals, with special features of this species. Noteworthy is, for example, the absence of the third trochanter of the femur. Although a ruminant, the Marshdeer has a fibuyla similar to the one described for the horse. B. dichotomus has four fingers on each limb, formed through three phalanges, only the third and fourth finger touch the ground, and the second and fifth finger is rudimentary. It has four proximal and two distal sesamoid bones, and sesamoid bones near the gastrocnemius muscle do not exist.(AU)

O conhecimento das estruturas anatômicas encontradas nos animais silvestres é importante para a prática da clínica médica e cirúrgica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a osteologia e anatomia radiográfica do fêmur, patela, tíbia, fíbula, tarsais, metatarsais e falanges do cervo-do-pantanal, para contribuir com o cotidiano clínico e, a identificação da espécie. A maioria das estruturas foi semelhante às encontradas nos animais domésticos, com particularidades próprias da espécie. Destaca-se, por exemplo, a ausência do terceiro trocanter do fêmur. Embora seja um ruminante, o cervo-do-pantanal apresentou a fíbula semelhante à descrita para os equinos. Este animal possui quatro dedos em cada membro, formados por três falanges, sendo que apenas o terceiro e o quarto dedos tocam o solo e, o segundo e o quinto dedos são rudimentares. Apresentou ainda quatro ossos sesamóides proximais e dois distais. Não se observou ossos sesamóides junto ao músculo gastrocnêmio.(AU)

Artrodese parcial tarsometatársica com uso de fixador esquéletico externo circular em cão / Tarsometatarsal Partial Arthrodesis with Use of Circular Skeletal Fixator on a Dog

Background: Trauma to the canine foot may result in injury to soft tissue or bone or both. Foot injury often results in fractures and joint instability because of disruption to carpal or tarsal ligaments. Several fixation methods have been described for stabilizing tarsometatarsal arthrodesis. The aim of this paper is to report the case of a unilateral tarsometatarsal arthrodesis with use of circular skeletal fixator on the left pelvic limb of a dog. Case: A 5-year-old intact male dog weighting 25 kg was referred to the veterinary hospital with a left tarsal degloving injury. The previous history revealed that the dog had been bitten by another dog seven days prior to the referral. On physical exam it had swelling and severe pain on the left foot, crepitus of the intertarsal/tarsometatarsal region, instability, bone exposure and myiasis larvae on the wound. The dog was non-weight-bearing on the affected limb. No other abnormalities were found. Radiographs revealed it to be an open fracture of the left tarsal distal line with tarsometatarsal luxation. Adherent dressings were changed for seven days to minimize the contamination before surgery. The dog was treated by open reduction and internal fixation using a circular skeletal fixator. After general anesthesia was induced, a lateral approach to the tarsometatarsal joint was made. The tarsometatarsal joint then was exposed. Articular cartilage was removed with a pneumatic burr. Manual reduction was performed. There were placed two rings proximal to the fracture and one distal with Kirschner wires were angled 45° between them through the bone. One of them was a semi-ring in the shape of a horseshoe. The 1,5 mm Kirschner wires were tensioned by a dynamometer loaded at 30 kg. For wound closure a free skin graft from the thorax was used. Articular anchylosis was reached in three months but the implant removal was posterior to that time due to the owner's choice. Discussion: Traumatic injury is the most important cause for fracture and instability of the tarsometatarsal joint and was the cause of injury for this case. Partial arthrodesis is considered the treatment of choice for tarsal instabilities with ligament disruption. Implant problems following union can complicate arthrodeses stabilized with internal fixation, and they may require a second surgery for implant removal. In this case the size of the rings conformed well to the proximal tarsus, and allowed sufficient space for wire placement in the metatarsal bones and did not interfere with ambulation. The dog recovered good limb function soon after the surgery and articular anchylosis was reached within three months as expected. In a study three of ten dogs undergoing tarsometatarsal arthrodesis due to continued lameness after bony union, using a laterally applied plate required a second surgery for implant removal. Implant failure is a common complication of tarsocrural and tarsometatarsal arthrodeses stabilized with bone screws, Steinmann pins or plate fi xation. Tarsometatarsal partial arthrodesis with use of circular skeletal fixator is a proper option for contaminated wounds without enough skin for closure. The limiting factor is the surgeon experience for this choice of fixation, material availability and the owner's commitment with the treatment.

Estudo do membro pélvico do avestruz: considerações anatômicas, radiográficas e histológicas da rotação tibiotársica / Study of hind limb in ostrich: anatomical, radiographic and histological considerations of tibiotarsal rotation

Várias doenças músculo esqueléticas foram observadas em aves de rápido crescimento, sendo o elevado peso corporal, associado a uma estrutura óssea em formação, citados como as principais causas responsáveis pela ocorrência destas doenças, resultando em disfunções do aparelho locomotor. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um estudo anátomo-patológico e radiográfico das estruturas envolvidas na rotação tibiotársica, assim como estudar as alterações articulares por meio de artrografias e histologia fazendo uma descrição das considerações anatômicas, macroscópicas, microscópicas e radiográficas do membro pélvico do avestruz (African Black). Dessa forma, será possível contribuir para o entendimento desta enfermidade, que tem causado perdas para a estrutiocultura.(AU)

Many skeletal muscle diseases were observed in fast growth birds, and the high body weight, associated to a bone structure in formation are named to be the principal responsible causes for the occurrence of these diseases, which results in dysfunction of the locomotor apparatus. This present research intends to make an anatomical, pathological and radiographic study of the structures involved in the tibiotarsal rotation, besides the study of the joint alterations by arthrography and histology, giving a description with anatomical, macroscopic, microscopic and radiographic considerations of the ostrichs hind limbs (African Black). This way, itll be possible to contribute to the comprehension of this disease that has caused many losses on the ostrich farm.(AU)

The use of hydroxyapatite for arthrodesis in dogs and cats: a clinical study / Utilização de hidroxiapatita para artrodeses em cães e gatos: ensaio clínico

Twenty-five arthrodeses were performed in four cats and 17 dogs using synthetic hydroxyapatite as fresh autogenous graft cancellous bone substitute. Arthrodesis was performed in the carpal joint in eight cases, in the tarsal joint in 10, in the elbow joint in six, and in the knee joint in one case. The mean radiographic follow-up time was 30 days in one animal, 45 days in another animal and 60 days in the 19 remaining cases. Bone union was observed in 24 arthrodeses. Non-union of one elbow arthrodesis was due to failure of stabilization. Restoration of limb functionality was classified as good to excellent in 22 cases. Hydroxyapatite was able to promote bone growth and is suitable for using in routine surgical procedures for small animals(AU)

Realizaram-se 25 artrodeses em 21 casos, quatro em gatos e 17 em cães, utilizando hidroxiapatita sintética como substituto ao enxerto ósseo autógeno esponjoso fresco, sendo oito na articulação do carpo, 10 na articulação do tarso, seis na do cotovelo e uma na do joelho. As avaliações radiográficas foram realizadas aos 30 dias em um animal, aos 45 dias em outro e aos 60 dias nos 19 casos restantes. Visibilizou-se união óssea em 24 artrodeses e a não-união em um cotovelo foi atribuída a falha na estabilização. O retorno à função do membro foi classificado de bom a excelente em 22 casos. A hidroxiapatita foi capaz de viabilizar o crescimento ósseo e mostrou-se factível para utilização na prática cirúrgica rotineira em pequenos animais(AU)