Effect of seasonally changing aerial environment on testosterone in Karagouniko and Chios sheep

A well-established activity in Greece and other Mediterranean countries is sheep farming. Karagouniko and Chios sheep are promising breeds and targets for the reproductive physiologist's attention. Under this context, part of the reproductive physiology of Karagouniko and Chios was investigated, taking into account the environment. Specifically, four time periods were considered; April-June (Long days, increasing photoperiod length), July-September (Long days, decreasing photoperiod length), October-December (Short days, decreasing photoperiod length), and January-March (Short days, increasing photoperiod length). The effect of the period on the concentration of the testosterone (main male hormone) in rams of the breeds above was studied, by using repeated measures analysis of variance, also taking into account the environmental variables air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine, rainfall, and photoperiod, in the Artificial Insemination Center of Karditsa (39°21'18''N, 21°54'19''E), Greece. The lowering of photoperiod from April-June to July-September (long days) and afterward, even more to October-December (short days) coincided with a progressive increase of testosterone in both breeds. Photoperiod seems to have a major role in the concentration of Karagouniko and Chios breeds' testosterone compared to the other environmental variables. When considering the whole experimental period, Chios sheep had significantly higher (P < 0.05) testosterone (1.95 ng/ml) than the Karagouniko one (1.55 ng/ml). Our findings could contribute towards the more rational exploitation of the examined sheep breeds.(AU)

Effect of seasonally changing aerial environment on testosterone in Karagouniko and Chios sheep

A well-established activity in Greece and other Mediterranean countries is sheep farming. Karagouniko and Chios sheep are promising breeds and targets for the reproductive physiologist's attention. Under this context, part of the reproductive physiology of Karagouniko and Chios was investigated, taking into account the environment. Specifically, four time periods were considered; April-June (Long days, increasing photoperiod length), July-September (Long days, decreasing photoperiod length), October-December (Short days, decreasing photoperiod length), and January-March (Short days, increasing photoperiod length). The effect of the period on the concentration of the testosterone (main male hormone) in rams of the breeds above was studied, by using repeated measures analysis of variance, also taking into account the environmental variables air temperature, relative humidity, sunshine, rainfall, and photoperiod, in the Artificial Insemination Center of Karditsa (39°21’18’’N, 21054’19’’E), Greece. The lowering of photoperiod from April-June to July-September (long days) and afterward, even more to October-December (short days) coincided with a progressive increase of testosterone in both breeds. Photoperiod seems to have a major role in the concentration of Karagouniko and Chios breeds' testosterone compared to the other environmental variables. When considering the whole experimental period, Chios sheep had significantly higher (P < 0.05) testosterone (1.95 ng/ml) than the Karagouniko one (1.55 ng/ml). Our findings could contribute towards the more rational exploitation of the examined sheep breeds.

Polymorphisms of the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene do not affect sexual activity, plasma testosterone concentrations or testicular characteristics of 8-month-old ram-lambs born in autumn

Thirty-nine autumn-born ram-lambs were used to study whether polymorphisms of the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene influence some reproductive parameters of Oct-born ram-lambs at 8 months of age. Animals were genotyped for their RsaI (CC, n=24; CT, n=6; TT, n=9) and Mn1I (GG, n=27; GA, n=6; AA, n=6) allelic variants of the MTNR1A gene. Liveweight (LW) was recorded bi-weekly until Jun, and scrotal perimeter (SP) was recorded once per month. From mid-Jan, blood samples were collected weekly to measure plasma testosterone concentrations. In mid-Jun, individual serving-capacity tests were performed. Testicular ultrasonography was performed at the end of the experiment. The effects of the week and gene polymorphism on LW, scrotal perimeter, and plasma testosterone concentrations were evaluated statistically by the GLM for repeated measures procedure. LW, SP, and plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly (P<0.001) affected by week, but neither of the polymorphisms of the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene affected these variables. In the serving tests, genotypes did not differ significantly in individual behaviors or the number of events (CC: 24.1±3.2, CT: 26.3±13.0, TT: 16.8±4.8, GG: 22.0±3.0, GA: 21.0±6.7, AA: 27.8±12.7). Testicular features assessed by ultrasonography did not differ significantly among genotypes. In conclusion, the polymorphisms of the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene did not have an effect on the reproductive characteristics of autumn-born ram lambs, based on serving capacity tests, testosterone secretion, and testicular measurements at 8 months of age.

Correlation of maternal concentrations of plasma testosterone with fetal sex in horses / Correlação das concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona materna com o sexo fetal em equinos

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation of fetal sex and plasma testosterone concentrations between the 5th and 8th months of pregnancy in mares and to verify the applicability of this test to predict fetal sex. Blood samples were collected from 21 mares at 30-day intervals of between 150 and 240 days of pregnancy. Plasma testosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay and the sex of the foals confirmed at birth. The levels of maternal testosterone were higher in mares carrying female fetuses at months 5 and 8 (P 0.05). Limit values were determined by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) estimates: 35.5 pg/mL and 40 pg/mL for the 5th and 8th month, respectively. For the mares with plasma testosterone values equal to or above the threshold, gestation of female foals was predicted, and for those with plasma testosterone below the threshold values pregnancy of male foals was predicted. In the 5th month, the predictive values for male and female fetuses were 70% and 88.9%, respectively; the detection rates were 87.5% and 72.7%, and the total accuracy of the examination was 78.9%. In the 8th month, the predictive values for male and female fetuses were 80% and 90%, respectively; the detection rates were 88.9% and 81.8%, and the total accuracy of the examination was 85%. It was concluded that there was a correlation between fetal sex and plasma testosterone concentrations in pregnant mares. Prediction of fetal sex based on plasma concentrations of maternal testosterone can be performed in months 5 and 8 with 78.9% and 85% accuracy, respectively.(AU)

Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a correlação do sexo fetal com as concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona entre o 5° e o 8º mês de gestação na égua e verificar a aplicabilidade deste exame para a predição do sexo fetal. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 21 éguas, com intervalos de 30 dias, entre 150 e 240 dias de gestação. A testosterona plasmática foi determinada por radioimunoensaio e o sexo dos potros foi confirmado ao nascimento. Os valores de testosterona materna foram superiores nas éguas gestando fetos fêmeas aos cinco e oito meses (P 0.05). Através da análise da curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic) foram determinados valores limites de 35,5 pg/mL e 40 pg/mL para o 5º e o 8° mês, respectivamente. Éguas com testosterona plasmática igual ou acima dos valores limites foram preditas como gestando fêmeas e éguas com testosterona plasmática abaixo dos valores limites foram preditas como gestando machos. Aos cinco meses, os valores preditivos para fetos machos e fêmeas foram 70% e 88,9%, respectivamente; as taxas de detecção foram 87,5% e 72,7% e a acurácia total do exame foi de 78,9%. Aos oito meses, os valores preditivos para fetos machos e fêmeas foram 80% e 90%, respectivamente; as taxas de detecção foram 88,9% e 81,8% e a acurácia total do exame foi de 85%. Conclui-se que houve correlação entre o sexo fetal e as concentrações de testosterona plasmática em éguas prenhes. A predição do sexo fetal baseada nas concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona materna pode ser realizada aos cinco e oito meses de gestação com 78,9% e 85% de acurácia, respectivamente.(AU)

The effects of feeding graded levels of whole cottonseed on semen characteristics and testicular profiles of Red Sokoto Bucks

The present work evaluated the effects of feeding graded levels of whole cottonseed on reproductive parameters of Red Sokoto bucks. Twenty Red Sokoto bucks were used for the experiment. After a 14-day pre-treatment period, bucks were assigned for 90 days to one of four isonitrogeneous treatments: control (diet A); 0 mg kg-1of total gossypol, (diet B); 15% mg kg-1of total gossypol, (diet C); 30% mg kg-1of total gossypol and (diet D); 45% mg kg-1of total gossypol.The mean percentage sperm gross motility was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group D (45% WCS) compared to groups C (30% WCS) and A (control) at days 60, 75 and 90. The mean semen pH and reaction time were not significantly (p > 0.05)different among treatment groups. Semen colour of the bucks in the control group was majorly creamy, in group C (30% WCS) and B (15% WCS) creamy to milky and group D (45% WCS) colourless. The mean semen volume was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in groupsC and A compared to group D (45% WCS) at days 60, 75 and 90. The mean semen concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group D (45% WCS) when compared to group A (control) at days 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. Group A (control) bucks had significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage live sperm compared to those in group D (45% WCS) at days 45, 60, 75 and 90. Mean Sperm morphological abnormalities including detached head, free tail curved tail and midpiece droplets were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group D (45%) than in group A (Control) at day 15 (for free tails) and day 90 (for all). Testicular and epididymal sperm reserves were higher in animals supplemented with up to 30% whole cottonseed.In conclusion, feeding bucks above 30% WCS resulted in more deleterious effects on the semen characteristics and testicular profile.(AU)

The effects of feeding graded levels of whole cottonseed on semen characteristics and testicular profiles of Red Sokoto Bucks

The present work evaluated the effects of feeding graded levels of whole cottonseed on reproductive parameters of Red Sokoto bucks. Twenty Red Sokoto bucks were used for the experiment. After a 14-day pre-treatment period, bucks were assigned for 90 days to one of four isonitrogeneous treatments: control (diet A); 0 mg kg-1of total gossypol, (diet B); 15% mg kg-1of total gossypol, (diet C); 30% mg kg-1of total gossypol and (diet D); 45% mg kg-1of total gossypol.The mean percentage sperm gross motility was significantly (p 0.05)different among treatment groups. Semen colour of the bucks in the control group was majorly creamy, in group C (30% WCS) and B (15% WCS) creamy to milky and group D (45% WCS) colourless. The mean semen volume was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in groupsC and A compared to group D (45% WCS) at days 60, 75 and 90. The mean semen concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in group D (45% WCS) when compared to group A (control) at days 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. Group A (control) bucks had significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage live sperm compared to those in group D (45% WCS) at days 45, 60, 75 and 90. Mean Sperm morphological abnormalities including detached head, free tail curved tail and midpiece droplets were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group D (45%) than in group A (Control) at day 15 (for free tails) and day 90 (for all). Testicular and epididymal sperm reserves were higher in animals supplemented with up to 30% whole cottonseed.In conclusion, feeding bucks above 30% WCS resulted in more deleterious effects on the semen characteristics and testicular profile.

Correlação entre cortisol e testosterona em touros atletas submetidos a treinamento / Correlation of cortisol and testosterone in athlete bulls submitted to training

Touros em treinamento (n=17) para rodeio foram avaliados quanto a interferência do estresse na produção de testosterona. Foi realizada análise de parâmetros quanto a higidez dos touros antes do treinamento e coleta de sangue. Após o treinamento, foi realizada a segunda coleta de sangue. As amostras coletadas antes do treinamento foram submetidas à mensuração dos hormônios cortisol e testosterona e as amostras após o treinamento apenas à dosagem de cortisol. Iniciou-se uma nova sequência de coleta para dosar e avaliar a testosterona. Ambos os hormônios foram mensurados pelo método de radioimunoensaio. A análise estatística para comparação de cortisol e testosterona, assim como para o perímetro escrotal e testosterona foi realizada através da comparação de Person, com nível de 5% de significância, através do Action 3.1 versão R 3.0.2 (Campinas, SP, Brasil). A dosagem de cortisol sérica antes e após o treinamento resultou em correlação positiva (0,071), demonstrando diferença estatística (p=0,0004) nesses dois momentos avaliados. A comparação entre a testosterona do primeiro dia e o cortisol antes do treinamento foi negativa assim como a testosterona do segundo dia com o cortisol após treinamento. Conclui-se que houve evidência de estresse após o treinamento sem interferência na produção de testosterona.(AU)

Bulls in training (n = 17) for rodeo were evaluated for stress interference in testosterone production. Parameter analysis was performed regarding the health of the bulls before training and blood collection. After the exercise, the second blood collection was performed. The samples collected before the training were submitted to the measurement of cortisol and testosterone hormones and the samples after the training only to the cortisol dosage. A new collection sequence was started for dosing and evaluating testosterone. Both hormones were measured by the radioimmunoassay method. The statistical analysis for comparison of cortisol and testosterone, as well as for the scrotal perimeter and testosterone was performed by Pearson correlation with a 5% level of significance through Action 3.1 version R 3.0.2 (Campinas, SP, Brazil). Serum cortisol dosage before and after training resulted in a positive correlation (0.071), showing statistical difference (p = 0.0004) in these two moments evaluated. The comparison between first day testosterone and cortisol before training was negative as was testosterone on the second day with cortisol after training. It was concluded that there was evidence of post-training stress without interference in the production of testosterone(AU)

Effect of pre-pubertal growth rate of Sohagi ram lambs on some physiological parameters and sexual behavioral patterns at puberty

Thirty healthy Sohagi ram lambs with an average age of 188.6±7.3 days were used to study the effect of pre-pubertal growth rate on some physiological parameters and sexual behavioral patterns at puberty. Ram lambs were divided into three groups (10 animals per each group) according to the previous growth rate until 6 months of age. Groups were marked as fast, medium and slow growing. Animal groups were housed in closed barns with access to an open area. Results showed that age and weight of ram lambs at puberty were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the pre-pubertal growth rate. Ram lambs in the fast growing group were reached to onset puberty firstly at 272.6 days with body weight (BW) 37.1 kg on average then ram lambs in medium group (284.8 days with BW 32.7 kg), while ram lambs in slow growing group were the last (314.1 days with BW 32.5 kg). Blood‎ testosterone‎ concentration at puberty was not significantly different among growing groups (1.494± 0.03 ng/ml on average, ranged from 1.287 to 1.902 ng/ml). Testes measurements from 6 months of age until puberty show that ram lambs in fast growing group had the highest values of testes length, circumference and volume followed by those in medium and slow growing group. Sexual behavioral observation showed that flehmen and mounting behavior were significantly higher for ram lambs in fast growing group (5.63 and 6.75 number/12h) than slow growing group (4.25 and 5.38 number/12h) while in medium growing group were intermediate (4.88 and 5.88 number/12h). From these findings, could be concluded that age, weight and sexual behavioral patterns of Sohagi ram lambs at puberty were affected by pre-pubertal growth rate, and the breeders should strive to achieve good growth rates for their lambs before puberty which led to improving reproductive performance.(AU)

Correlação entre cortisol e testosterona em touros atletas submetidos a treinamento / Correlation of cortisol and testosterone in athlete bulls submitted to training

Touros em treinamento (n=17) para rodeio foram avaliados quanto a interferência do estresse na produção de testosterona. Foi realizada análise de parâmetros quanto a higidez dos touros antes do treinamento e coleta de sangue. Após o treinamento, foi realizada a segunda coleta de sangue. As amostras coletadas antes do treinamento foram submetidas à mensuração dos hormônios cortisol e testosterona e as amostras após o treinamento apenas à dosagem de cortisol. Iniciou-se uma nova sequência de coleta para dosar e avaliar a testosterona. Ambos os hormônios foram mensurados pelo método de radioimunoensaio. A análise estatística para comparação de cortisol e testosterona, assim como para o perímetro escrotal e testosterona foi realizada através da comparação de Person, com nível de 5% de significância, através do Action 3.1 versão R 3.0.2 (Campinas, SP, Brasil). A dosagem de cortisol sérica antes e após o treinamento resultou em correlação positiva (0,071), demonstrando diferença estatística (p=0,0004) nesses dois momentos avaliados. A comparação entre a testosterona do primeiro dia e o cortisol antes do treinamento foi negativa assim como a testosterona do segundo dia com o cortisol após treinamento. Conclui-se que houve evidência de estresse após o treinamento sem interferência na produção de testosterona.

Bulls in training (n = 17) for rodeo were evaluated for stress interference in testosterone production. Parameter analysis was performed regarding the health of the bulls before training and blood collection. After the exercise, the second blood collection was performed. The samples collected before the training were submitted to the measurement of cortisol and testosterone hormones and the samples after the training only to the cortisol dosage. A new collection sequence was started for dosing and evaluating testosterone. Both hormones were measured by the radioimmunoassay method. The statistical analysis for comparison of cortisol and testosterone, as well as for the scrotal perimeter and testosterone was performed by Pearson correlation with a 5% level of significance through Action 3.1 version R 3.0.2 (Campinas, SP, Brazil). Serum cortisol dosage before and after training resulted in a positive correlation (0.071), showing statistical difference (p = 0.0004) in these two moments evaluated. The comparison between first day testosterone and cortisol before training was negative as was testosterone on the second day with cortisol after training. It was concluded that there was evidence of post-training stress without interference in the production of testosterone

Does a bilateral polypropylene mesh alter the duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels?: experimental study in rats

Purpose To evaluate the effect of a PP mesh on duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels. Methods Forty adult male rats were distributed into groups: 1) no surgery; 2) inguinotomy; 3) mesh placed on the duct deferens; and 4) mesh placed on the spermatic funiculus. After 90 postoperative days, the inguinal region was resected, and blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum testosterone (pg/dl). The ducts deferens were sectioned in three axial sections according to the relationship with the mesh cranial, medial and caudal. The wall thickness and duct deferens lumen area were measured. Results The morphology of the duct deferens was preserved in all groups. The mesh placement did not alter this morphology in any of the analyzed segments. Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology, wall thickness or lumen area (p>0.05). In all operated groups, serum testosterone levels were similar (p>0.05) but there was a decrease in testicle size (p 0.05). Conclusion Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology of the duct deferens and, although this treatment resulted in testicular size reduction, it did not affect serum testosterone levels.(AU)

Parâmetros espermáticos e fisiológicos de varrões criados em clima semi-árido / Spermatic and physiological parameters variation of boars created in semi-arid climate

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência das variações ambientais sobre parâmetros espermáticos, fisiológicos e níveis séricos de testosterona em varrões. Utilizouse 8 varrões mestiços (12 e 36 meses), submetidos a coletas de sêmen semanais. Foram coletados dados: temperatura ambiente (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UA), índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), concentração, volume, total de espermatozoides, vigor e motilidade espermáticos, temperatura retal (TR), temperatura escrotal (TE) e níveis séricos de testosterona. Os 18 meses experimentais foram divididos em trimestres: julho a setembro; outubro a dezembro; janeiro a março; abril a junho e os reprodutores distribuídos em três faixas etárias 12, 24 e 36 meses. Maiores médias de TA e ITU foram registrados no período E2. Enquanto TA, UA e ITU mais baixos, foram observados nos períodos E1 e E5. Observou-se efeito da interação trimestre x idade dos varrões para todas as variáveis analisadas, exceto para vigor espermático o qual sofreu efeito apenas da idade dos machos (p<0,05) e para os níveis de testosterona que não diferiu entre trimestres ou entre faixas etárias. Concentrações espermáticas baixas foram observadas em E5 para varrões com 12 e 24 meses (p<0,05). Animais mais jovens produziram um menor volume de sêmen em E2 a E4. Observou-se redução do total de espermatozoides e da motilidade em animais jovens em E2. Maiores médias de TE e TR foram observadas nos períodos E2 e E3 em varrões de diferentes idades. Condições ambientais podem influenciar parâmetros espermáticos e fisiológicos de varrões, portanto devem ser consideradas para a garantia de uma produção espermática uniforme durante o ano.

This study aimed to verify the influence of environmental variations on sperm, physiological parameters and serum testosterone levels in boars. Eight crossbred boars were used (12 and 36 months), subjected to weekly semen collections. The following data were collected: temperature (TA), relative humidity (UA), temperature-humidity index (UTI), concentration, volume, total sperm, spermatic vigor and motility, rectal temperature (RT), scrotal temperature (TE) and serum testosterone levels. The 18 experimental months were divided into quarters: July to September; October to December; January to March; April to June and the breeders were distributed in three age groups 12, 24 and 36 months. Higher TA and ITU averages were recorded in the E2 period. While lower TA, UA and ITU were observed in periods E1 and E5. An effect of the quarter-age interaction of the boars was observed for all variables analyzed, except for sperm vigor, which was affected only by the age of the males (p<0.05) and and for testosterone levels that did not differ between quarters or between age groups. Lower sperm concentrations were observed in E5 for boars with 12 and 24 months (p<0.05). Younger animals produced a lower volume of semen at E2 to E4. In the warmest period (E2), there was a reduction in the total semen sperm cells and motility in young animals. Higher means of scrotal and rectal temperature were observed in periods E2 and E3 in boars of different ages, whereas the lowest values were recorded in E5, which corresponded to the period with the lowest UTI. Environmental conditions can influence sperm and physiological parameters of boars, so they must be considered to ensure uniform sperm production throughout the year.

Parâmetros espermáticos e fisiológicos de varrões criados em clima semi-árido / Spermatic and physiological parameters variation of boars created in semi-arid climate

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência das variações ambientais sobre parâmetros espermáticos, fisiológicos e níveis séricos de testosterona em varrões. Utilizouse 8 varrões mestiços (12 e 36 meses), submetidos a coletas de sêmen semanais. Foram coletados dados: temperatura ambiente (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UA), índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), concentração, volume, total de espermatozoides, vigor e motilidade espermáticos, temperatura retal (TR), temperatura escrotal (TE) e níveis séricos de testosterona. Os 18 meses experimentais foram divididos em trimestres: julho a setembro; outubro a dezembro; janeiro a março; abril a junho e os reprodutores distribuídos em três faixas etárias 12, 24 e 36 meses. Maiores médias de TA e ITU foram registrados no período E2. Enquanto TA, UA e ITU mais baixos, foram observados nos períodos E1 e E5. Observou-se efeito da interação trimestre x idade dos varrões para todas as variáveis analisadas, exceto para vigor espermático o qual sofreu efeito apenas da idade dos machos (p<0,05) e para os níveis de testosterona que não diferiu entre trimestres ou entre faixas etárias. Concentrações espermáticas baixas foram observadas em E5 para varrões com 12 e 24 meses (p<0,05). Animais mais jovens produziram um menor volume de sêmen em E2 a E4. Observou-se redução do total de espermatozoides e da motilidade em animais jovens em E2. Maiores médias de TE e TR foram observadas nos períodos E2 e E3 em varrões de diferentes idades. Condições ambientais podem influenciar parâmetros espermáticos e fisiológicos de varrões, portanto devem ser consideradas para a garantia de uma produção espermática uniforme durante o ano.(AU)

This study aimed to verify the influence of environmental variations on sperm, physiological parameters and serum testosterone levels in boars. Eight crossbred boars were used (12 and 36 months), subjected to weekly semen collections. The following data were collected: temperature (TA), relative humidity (UA), temperature-humidity index (UTI), concentration, volume, total sperm, spermatic vigor and motility, rectal temperature (RT), scrotal temperature (TE) and serum testosterone levels. The 18 experimental months were divided into quarters: July to September; October to December; January to March; April to June and the breeders were distributed in three age groups 12, 24 and 36 months. Higher TA and ITU averages were recorded in the E2 period. While lower TA, UA and ITU were observed in periods E1 and E5. An effect of the quarter-age interaction of the boars was observed for all variables analyzed, except for sperm vigor, which was affected only by the age of the males (p<0.05) and and for testosterone levels that did not differ between quarters or between age groups. Lower sperm concentrations were observed in E5 for boars with 12 and 24 months (p<0.05). Younger animals produced a lower volume of semen at E2 to E4. In the warmest period (E2), there was a reduction in the total semen sperm cells and motility in young animals. Higher means of scrotal and rectal temperature were observed in periods E2 and E3 in boars of different ages, whereas the lowest values were recorded in E5, which corresponded to the period with the lowest UTI. Environmental conditions can influence sperm and physiological parameters of boars, so they must be considered to ensure uniform sperm production throughout the year.(AU)

Does a bilateral polypropylene mesh alter the duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels? Experimental study in rats

Purpose To evaluate the effect of a PP mesh on duct deferens morphology, testicular size and testosterone levels. Methods Forty adult male rats were distributed into groups: 1) no surgery; 2) inguinotomy; 3) mesh placed on the duct deferens; and 4) mesh placed on the spermatic funiculus. After 90 postoperative days, the inguinal region was resected, and blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum testosterone (pg/dl). The ducts deferens were sectioned in three axial sections according to the relationship with the mesh — cranial, medial and caudal. The wall thickness and duct deferens lumen area were measured. Results The morphology of the duct deferens was preserved in all groups. The mesh placement did not alter this morphology in any of the analyzed segments. Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology, wall thickness or lumen area (p>0.05). In all operated groups, serum testosterone levels were similar (p>0.05) but there was a decrease in testicle size (p<0.05). Conclusion Surgery, with or without mesh placement, did not alter the morphology of the duct deferens and, although this treatment resulted in testicular size reduction, it did not affect serum testosterone levels.(AU)

Effect of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide treatment on duck Leydig cells

This study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on hormone production and gene expression in duck Leydig cells and its underlying mechanisms. Leydig cells were collected from 200-day-old mallard ducks and divided into five treatment groups (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ng/mL LPS). After treatment with LPS for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, testosterone, activin, and inhibin levels in the cell supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The expression levels of testosterone synthesis-related genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), and reproductive-related genes, including gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We successfully isolated and cultured duck Leydig cells with cell purity above 90%. Compared with the control group, the levels of testosterone, activin, and inhibin secreted in Leydig cells decreased gradually with increasing LPS concentration. After treatment with LPS, the expression of StAR and 3β-HSD genes in Leydig cells was upregulated at 12 h, and that of GnIHR was upregulated at 24 h; whereas the expression of FSHR and LHR was reduced at 24 h. This study indicates that LPS can inhibit the secretion of hormones and regulate the expression of related genes in duck Leydig cells.(AU)

Effect of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide treatment on duck Leydig cells

This study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on hormone production and gene expression in duck Leydig cells and its underlying mechanisms. Leydig cells were collected from 200-day-old mallard ducks and divided into five treatment groups (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ng/mL LPS). After treatment with LPS for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, testosterone, activin, and inhibin levels in the cell supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The expression levels of testosterone synthesis-related genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), and reproductive-related genes, including gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor (GnIHR), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We successfully isolated and cultured duck Leydig cells with cell purity above 90%. Compared with the control group, the levels of testosterone, activin, and inhibin secreted in Leydig cells decreased gradually with increasing LPS concentration. After treatment with LPS, the expression of StAR and 3β-HSD genes in Leydig cells was upregulated at 12 h, and that of GnIHR was upregulated at 24 h; whereas the expression of FSHR and LHR was reduced at 24 h. This study indicates that LPS can inhibit the secretion of hormones and regulate the expression of related genes in duck Leydig cells.

Características de carcaça, órgão vomeronasal, concentrações séricas de testosterona e IGF-I em machos Nelore com ductos incisivos bloqueados / Characteristics of carcass, vomeronasal organ, serum testosterone andIGF-I concentrations in Nellore males with blocked incisor ducts

Objetivou-se avaliar características quali - quantitativas da carcaça em machos Nelore, submetidos ao bloqueio dos ductos incisivos no período pré puberal. Além disso, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações séricas de testosterona e do hormônio do crescimento semelhante a insulina do tipo I (IGF-I), e a arquitetura histológica do órgão vomeronasal (OVN). Trinta e quatro machos, no período pré puberal, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: inteiros animais controle sem qualquer procedimento (n = 11); bloqueados - animais com os ductos incisivos bilateralmente obstruídos (n = 10); castrados - animais com orquiepididectomia bilateral (n = 13). O OVN foi obtido no abate, ao final do experimento, para avaliação histomorfométrica. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três meses, em dois turnos (manhã e tarde), totalizando cinco avaliações. Observaram-se maiores (P<0,05) pesos corporais finais (inteiros = 494,1 ± 28,71; bloqueados = 500,6 ± 23,6 e castrados = 468,3 ± 21,8 Kg) nos inteiros e bloqueados. O acabamento da carcaça foi maior nos castrados (P<0,05) em relação aos inteiros e bloqueados, enquanto o rendimento de carcaça não apresentou diferenças entre os três tratamentos (P>0,05). Registrou-se redução da altura do epitélio neuro sensitivo do OVN nos bloqueados e castrados (P<0,05). Foi registrada menor concentração de testosterona nos bloqueados nas coletas quatro e cinco à tarde (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a obstrução dos ductos incisivos reduziu os estímulos sensoriais para o OVN, que por sua vez, promoveu alteração na concentração sérica de testosterona, sem alterar o ganho de peso dos animais, porém, não promoveu melhoria na qualidade da carcaça nas condições deste estudo.(AU)

A total of 34 prepuberal Nellore males were divided into three groups: control animals without any procedure (n = 11); blocked - with bilaterally incisors ducts obstructed (n = 10); castrated - with bilateral orchiectomy (n = 13). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of blocking the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass. Also, this study aimed to evaluate testosterone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) serum concentration, and the histological architecture of the OVN. Blood samples were taken every three months during two daily collections (morning and afternoon), totalizing five evaluations. It was observed higher (P<0.05) final body weight (control= 494.1 ± 28.71; blocked = 500.6 ± 23.6; castrated = 468.3 ± 21.8 kg) at the control and blocked groups. Carcass finishing was higher in castrated animals (P <0.05), while carcass yield did not differ between treatments (P> 0.05). It was observed a reduction (P<0.05) of the VNO sensory epithelium height in blocked and castrated groups compared with control group. It was registered lower (P<0.05) serum testosterone concentration in blocked group at the fourth and fifth blood collection (afternoon). It was concluded that the obstruction of the incisive ducts reduced the sensorial stimuli for the OVN, which, in turn, promoted a change in the serum concentration of testosterone, without altering the weight gain of the animals, but did not promote improvement in the quality of the carcass under the conditions of this study.(AU)

Características de carcaça, órgão vomeronasal, concentrações séricas de testosterona e IGF-I em machos Nelore com ductos incisivos bloqueados / Characteristics of carcass, vomeronasal organ, serum testosterone andIGF-I concentrations in Nellore males with blocked incisor ducts

Objetivou-se avaliar características quali - quantitativas da carcaça em machos Nelore, submetidos ao bloqueio dos ductos incisivos no período pré puberal. Além disso, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações séricas de testosterona e do hormônio do crescimento semelhante a insulina do tipo I (IGF-I), e a arquitetura histológica do órgão vomeronasal (OVN). Trinta e quatro machos, no período pré puberal, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: inteiros – animais controle sem qualquer procedimento (n = 11); bloqueados - animais com os ductos incisivos bilateralmente obstruídos (n = 10); castrados - animais com orquiepididectomia bilateral (n = 13). O OVN foi obtido no abate, ao final do experimento, para avaliação histomorfométrica. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três meses, em dois turnos (manhã e tarde), totalizando cinco avaliações. Observaram-se maiores (P0,05). Registrou-se redução da altura do epitélio neuro sensitivo do OVN nos bloqueados e castrados (P<0,05). Foi registrada menor concentração de testosterona nos bloqueados nas coletas quatro e cinco à tarde (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a obstrução dos ductos incisivos reduziu os estímulos sensoriais para o OVN, que por sua vez, promoveu alteração na concentração sérica de testosterona, sem alterar o ganho de peso dos animais, porém, não promoveu melhoria na qualidade da carcaça nas condições deste estudo.

A total of 34 prepuberal Nellore males were divided into three groups: control – animals without any procedure (n = 11); blocked - with bilaterally incisors ducts obstructed (n = 10); castrated - with bilateral orchiectomy (n = 13). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of blocking the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass. Also, this study aimed to evaluate testosterone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) serum concentration, and the histological architecture of the OVN. Blood samples were taken every three months during two daily collections (morning and afternoon), totalizing five evaluations. It was observed higher (P 0.05). It was observed a reduction (P<0.05) of the VNO sensory epithelium height in blocked and castrated groups compared with control group. It was registered lower (P<0.05) serum testosterone concentration in blocked group at the fourth and fifth blood collection (afternoon). It was concluded that the obstruction of the incisive ducts reduced the sensorial stimuli for the OVN, which, in turn, promoted a change in the serum concentration of testosterone, without altering the weight gain of the animals, but did not promote improvement in the quality of the carcass under the conditions of this study.

Testicular and seminal evaluation of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania sp / Avaliação testicular e seminal de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania sp

The objective of this study was to evaluate the testicular changes and detect the presence of Leishmania sp. in the testicles and semen of dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). The animals were obtained from the Zoonoses Control Department of Teresina, PI, and taken to the kennel of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Piauí, where they remained were maintained for two months and subsequently euthanized for testicles removal. Semen samples were collected from 12 dogs, 06 positive and 06 negative for VL. The following diagnostic techniques readouts were assessed for the sampled animals: testosterone dosage, immunohistochemistry (IMH), histopathology of the slides containing the testicular material, and seminal evaluation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Testosterone values remained within the normal range for the canine specie and did not differ statistically among the experimental groups but displayed lower serum concentrations than those of the control group. All the testicular and semen samples from the dogs were negative for VL as determined by techniques IMH and PCR, respectively. The results of testicle histopathology revealed the presence of several lesions with statistical difference among the experimental groups. Parasitized dogs with VL have testicular lesions that may compromise the reproductive efficiency of these animals.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações testiculares e detectar a presença de Leishmania sp. nos testículos e sêmen de cães com leishmaniose visceral (LV). Os animais foram obtidos da Gerência de Controle de Zoonoses de Teresina, PI, e levados ao canil do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Piauí, onde permaneceram por dois meses e posteriormente foram submetidos à eutanásia para a remoção dos testículos. As amostras de sêmen foram coletadas de 12 cães, sendo 06 positivos e 06 negativos para LV. Nas amostras dos animais, foram realizadas as seguintes técnicas de diagnóstico: dosagem de testosterona, imunohistoquímica (IMH), histopatologia das lâminas contendo o material testicular e avaliação seminal por reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). Valores de testosterona permaneceram dentro do intervalo normal para a espécie canina, não diferindo estatisticamente entre os grupos experimentais, porém apresentando concentrações séricas mais baixas do que o grupo controle. Todas as amostras testiculares e de sêmen dos cães foram negativas para LV, conforme determinado pelas técnicas IMH e PCR, respectivamente. Os resultados da histopatologia dos testículos revelaram a presença de várias lesões com diferença estatística entre os grupos experimentais. Os cães parasitados com LV apresentam lesões testiculares que podem comprometer a eficiência reprodutiva desses animais.(AU)

Características de carcaça, órgão vomeronasal, concentrações séricas de testosterona e IGF-I em machos Nelore com ductos incisivos bloqueados / Characteristics of carcass, vomeronasal organ, serum testosterone and IGF-I concentrations in Nellore males with blocked incisor ducts

Objetivou-se avaliar características quali - quantitativas da carcaça em machos Nelore, submetidos ao bloqueio dos ductos incisivos no período pré puberal. Além disso, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações séricas de testosterona e do hormônio do crescimento semelhante a insulina do tipo I (IGF-I), e a arquitetura histológica do órgão vomeronasal (OVN). Trinta e quatro machos, no período pré puberal, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais: inteiros ­ animais controle sem qualquer procedimento (n = 11); bloqueados - animais com os ductos incisivos bilateralmente obstruídos (n = 10); castrados - animais com orquiepididectomia bilateral (n = 13). O OVN foi obtido no abate, ao final do experimento, para avaliação histomorfométrica. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três meses, em dois turnos (manhã e tarde), totalizando cinco avaliações. Observaram-se maiores (P<0,05) pesos corporais finais (inteiros = 494,1 ± 28,71; bloqueados = 500,6 ± 23,6 e castrados = 468,3 ± 21,8 Kg) nos inteiros e bloqueados. O acabamento da carcaça foi maior nos castrados (P<0,05) em relação aos inteiros e bloqueados, enquanto o rendimento de carcaça não apresentou diferenças entre os três tratamentos (P>0,05). Registrou-se redução da altura do epitélio neuro sensitivo do OVN nos bloqueados e castrados (P<0,05). Foi registrada menor concentração de testosterona nos bloqueados nas coletas quatro e cinco à tarde (P<0,05). Conclui-se que a obstrução dos ductos incisivos reduziu os estímulos sensoriais para o OVN, que por sua vez, promoveu alteração na concentração sérica de testosterona, sem alterar o ganho de peso dos animais, porém, não promoveu melhoria na qualidade da carcaça nas condições deste estudo.

A total of 34 prepuberal Nellore males were divided into three groups: control ­ animals without any procedure (n = 11); blocked - with bilaterally incisors ducts obstructed (n = 10); castrated - with bilateral orchiectomy (n = 13). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of blocking the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the carcass. Also, this study aimed to evaluate testosterone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) serum concentration, and the histological architecture of the OVN. Blood samples were taken every three months during two daily collections (morning and afternoon), totalizing five evaluations. It was observed higher (P<0.05) final body weight (control= 494.1 ± 28.71; blocked = 500.6 ± 23.6; castrated = 468.3 ± 21.8 kg) at the control and blocked groups. Carcass finishing was higher in castrated animals (P <0.05), while carcass yield did not differ between treatments (P> 0.05). It was observed a reduction (P<0.05) of the VNO sensory epithelium height in blocked and castrated groups compared with control group. It was registered lower (P<0.05) serum testosterone concentration in blocked group at the fourth and fifth blood collection (afternoon). It was concluded that the obstruction of the incisive ducts reduced the sensorial stimuli for the OVN, which, in turn, promoted a change in the serum concentration of testosterone, without altering the weight gain of the animals, but did not promote improvement in the quality of the carcass under the conditions of this study.

The effect of different hormones and antibiotics on activity of ast enzyme and its isozymes in Wistar rats

Background: One of the valuable tests for diagnosis of cardiovascular and liver diseases is measuring of AST activity. One of the main enzymes of transaminases group is aspartate aminotransferase. Previous Studies have shown that some alteration may occur in mitochondria function as the result of different disease or taking different medication; these changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic AST isozymes can be the sign of disorders. According to the role of steroid hormone in induction of its effects on protein synthesis genes, this study is conducted to shed some light on mechanisms and the interference of steroid hormones and antibiotics.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, male Wistar rats were injected intramuscularly with Testosterone, progesterone and estradiol; while tetracycline and streptomycin injections were intraperitoneal. Testosterone, progesterone and estradiol injections were carried out in a short-term (15 days) and long-term (45 days) periods. Steroid hormones were dissolved in sesame in a way that by each injection, 0.2 mL sesame oil (containing specific amount of hormone) was injected to the rat. Control group was kept in the same condition except that their sesame oil injection contained no hormone. Tetracycline and Streptomycin injection was carried out for 5 days at 7 am and pm, at 50 mg/kg dosage intraperitoneally. In short- and long-term periods, rats were divided into four groups of 6-member. The concentrations were the same in the periods and 0.2 mL sesame oil was injected intramuscularly. 1 mg testosterone, 12 mg progesterone and 0.2 mg estradiol were intramuscularly injected to rats in group 2, 3 and 4, respectively [10]. Rats were divided into 9 six-member groups as follows:[...]