Effect of assisted calving on uterine puerperal disorders occurrence, and on reproductive efficiency in crossbred dairy cows / Efeito do parto assistido na ocorrência de desordens uterinas puerperais e na eficiência reprodutiva de vacas leiteiras mestiças

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of calving (normal or assisted) on the occurrence of puerperal uterine disorders and on the number of artificial inseminations (AI) per conception and pregnancy rate at 150 days postpartum (PPD). Cows were observed during parturition and the type of calving was classified as normal or assisted. Normal calving required no human interference, while assisted calving required a calf removal aid via vaginal access. There were 825 births, 7 stillbirths (0.85%) and 17 twins (2.06%). We analyzed 801 single births, from which 766 (95.63%) were normal and 35 (4.36%) assisted. Were evaluated the uterine disorders occurrence such as retained placenta combined with metritis (PR/ME) and clinical endometritis (CE). The overall occurrences were 10.24% (82/801) of RP/ME, 12.86% for CE and 5.12% for RP/ME and CE. Most of normal calving cows had healthy puerperium (73.89%), whereas a majority of assisted calving cows had uterine disorders (74.29%). The number of AI per conception was similar for cows that had either normal or assisted calving (2.39±0.08 and 3.00±0.43, P = 0.16). There was no evidence of negative influence of calving type on the 150 PPD pregnancy rate of lactating crossbreed dairy cows (P = 0.44). Healthy cows had higher 150 PPD pregnancy rate than cows affected by puerperium uterine disorders (51.65 vs. 42.92%). Normal calving crossbred dairy cows had a healthier puerperium, compared to cows with assisted calving which were more susceptible to puerperium uterine disorders. And cows with a health puerperium have a higher pregnancy rate at 150 days postpartum.

Objetivou-se avaliar em vacas leiteiras mestiças que pariram um bezerro vivo, o efeito do tipo de parto (normal ou assistido) na ocorrência de desordens uterinas puerperais e no número de inseminações artificiais (IA) por concepção e taxa de prenhez 150 dias pós-parto (DPP). As vacas foram monitoradas durante o parto e o tipo de parto foi classificado como normal ou assistido. O parto normal não precisou de interferência humana, enquanto o parto assistido precisou de auxílio para retirada do bezerro por via vaginal. Foram registrados 825 partos, sendo 7 natimortos (0,85%) e 17 gemelares (2,06%). Foram analisados 801 partos simples, dos quais 766 (95,63%) foram normais e 35 (4,36%) foram assistidos. Foram avaliadas a ocorrência de desordens uterinas como a retenção de placenta associada com metrite (RP/ME) e endometrite clínica (EC). A ocorrência das doenças foi de 10,24% (82/801) para RP/ME, 12,86% para EC e 5.12% para RP/ME com CE. A maioria das vacas com parto normal tiveram puerpério saudável (73,89%), enquanto a maioria das vacas com parto assistido apresentaram desordens uterinas (74,29%). O número de IA por concepção foi semelhante nas vacas que tiveram parto normal ou assistido (2,39±0,08 e 3,00±0,43, P = 0,16). Não houve evidência de influência negativa do tipo de parto na taxa de prenhez 150 DPP de vacas leiteiras mestiças em lactação (P = 0,44). Vacas saudáveis apresentaram maior taxa de prenhez 150 DPP do que vacas afetadas por desordens uterinas no puerpério (51,65 vs. 42,92%). Vacas leiteiras mestiças com parto normal tiveram um puerpério saudável, comparadas às que tiveram parto assistido, por sua vez foram mais susceptíveis as desordens uterinas no puerpério. E vacas com puerpério saudável resultaram em maiores taxas de prenhez aos 150 dias pós parto.

Histeropexia no tratamento do prolapso uterino total em cadela Fila Brasileiro / Hysteropexy in the treatment of total uterine prolapse in a Brazilian Molosser bitch

Background: Uterine prolapse is an obstetric emergency because the exposed tissue can present edema, devitalization oreven gangrene, depending on the evolution time and on the severity of circulatory changes. Haemorrhage due to the ruptureof ovarian or uterine vessels can evolve rapidly to hypovolemic shock. More rarely, secondary thromboembolism to theuterine strangulation can be developed, complication that can also lead to death. This study reports the case of a BrazilianMolosser bitch treated by reducing total uterine prolapse, complemented with hysteropexy, in order to prevent recurrenceand maintain its reproductive ability.Case: A 5-year-old Brazilian Molosser bitch was attended presenting double firm and tubular mass protruding through thevulva. The patient gave birth to five live pups, the last two of which needed to be pulled. Two days after parturition, she hadabdominal contraction when a mass protruded from the vagina. A total uterine prolapse was diagnosed, since both uterinehorns were found exposed and inverted, with exposition of the endometrium and the areas of placental implantation, togetherwith the body of the uterus. The tissue was apparently edematous and lightly parched, with the presence of strange bodies,but without signals of circulatory complications or lacerations. Due to interest of the guardian in preserving the reproductive ability, an internal reduction via ventral medial celiotomy and the fixation of the uterus in the lateral abdominal wall(hysteropexy) was chosen in order to diminish the possibility of relapse in future parturition.Discussion: The definitive treatment of the uterine prolapse can be realized through ovariohysterectomy when the exposeduterine tissue is highly compromised or there is vessel rupture or no reproductive purpose for the female. The amputation of everted tissue through the vulva is also an option, but the risk of intracavitary bleeding during tissue resectionmust be considered...

Histeropexia no tratamento do prolapso uterino total em cadela Fila Brasileiro / Hysteropexy in the treatment of total uterine prolapse in a Brazilian Molosser bitch

Background: Uterine prolapse is an obstetric emergency because the exposed tissue can present edema, devitalization oreven gangrene, depending on the evolution time and on the severity of circulatory changes. Haemorrhage due to the ruptureof ovarian or uterine vessels can evolve rapidly to hypovolemic shock. More rarely, secondary thromboembolism to theuterine strangulation can be developed, complication that can also lead to death. This study reports the case of a BrazilianMolosser bitch treated by reducing total uterine prolapse, complemented with hysteropexy, in order to prevent recurrenceand maintain its reproductive ability.Case: A 5-year-old Brazilian Molosser bitch was attended presenting double firm and tubular mass protruding through thevulva. The patient gave birth to five live pups, the last two of which needed to be pulled. Two days after parturition, she hadabdominal contraction when a mass protruded from the vagina. A total uterine prolapse was diagnosed, since both uterinehorns were found exposed and inverted, with exposition of the endometrium and the areas of placental implantation, togetherwith the body of the uterus. The tissue was apparently edematous and lightly parched, with the presence of strange bodies,but without signals of circulatory complications or lacerations. Due to interest of the guardian in preserving the reproductive ability, an internal reduction via ventral medial celiotomy and the fixation of the uterus in the lateral abdominal wall(hysteropexy) was chosen in order to diminish the possibility of relapse in future parturition.Discussion: The definitive treatment of the uterine prolapse can be realized through ovariohysterectomy when the exposeduterine tissue is highly compromised or there is vessel rupture or no reproductive purpose for the female. The amputation of everted tissue through the vulva is also an option, but the risk of intracavitary bleeding during tissue resectionmust be considered...(AU)

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period / Metabólitos capazes de predizer enfermidades uterinas em vacas leiteiras mestiças no período de transição

This study aimed to identify possible metabolites able to predict puerperal uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) in the transition period. We hypothesized that, as what has been observed for Holstein cows, a negative energy balance (NEB) may increase the incidence of uterine diseases. Thirty-four lactating crossbred cows (½HG, »HG, ¾HG, and 5/8HG) were evaluated during prepartum (-60d and -30d), calving, and postpartum (+14d, +21d, and +35d) periods, being divided into two groups (with and without uterine diseases). NEB evaluations were based on the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) at calving and 14 days postpartum. Nearly 1/3 of the crossbred cows presented an NEB, characterized by a significant increase in NEFA with no BHBA increase; however, it was less intense than that observed in Holstein cows during the transition period. There was a significant difference between cows with and without uterine diseases in NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum, as well as body condition score (BCS) during prepartum. In conclusion, the occurrence of uterine diseases during the transitional period is related to the BCS in the prepartum period, besides serum NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar possíveis metabólitos no período de transição capazes de predizer a ocorrência de enfermidades uterinas puerperais em vacas leiteiras (Holandês X Gir). A hipótese foi de que, semelhante ao observado em vacas Holandesas, o balanço energético negativo (BEN) aumentaria a incidência de enfermidades uterinas. Foram utilizadas 34 vacas lactantes com variação entre ½HG, »HG, ¾HG e 5/8HG de composição genética. Os momentos avaliados foram estabelecidos como pré-parto (-60d e -30d), parto e pós-parto (+14d, +21d e +35d) e as fêmeas divididas em dois grupos, com e sem enfermidades uterinas. O BEN foi estabelecido com base nas concentrações de ácidos graxos não-esterificados (NEFA) e beta-hidroxibutirato (BHBA) no parto e 14 dias pós-parto. Observou-se que cerca de 1/3 das vacas mestiças passaram por BEN caracterizado por aumento significativo de NEFA e sem aumento de BHBA, porém em intensidade menor do que o observado em vacas Holandesas. Verificou-se diferença significativa do escore de condição corporal (ECC) no pré-parto e das concentrações de NEFA e de cálcio no parto, entre vacas com e sem enfermidades uterinas. Conclui-se que o ECC no pré-parto e as concentrações de NEFA e cálcio no parto se relacionam com a ocorrência de enfermidades uterinas.(AU)

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period / Metabólitos capazes de predizer enfermidades uterinas em vacas leiteiras mestiças no período de transição

This study aimed to identify possible metabolites able to predict puerperal uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) in the transition period. We hypothesized that, as what has been observed for Holstein cows, a negative energy balance (NEB) may increase the incidence of uterine diseases. Thirty-four lactating crossbred cows (½HG, »HG, ¾HG, and 5/8HG) were evaluated during prepartum (-60d and -30d), calving, and postpartum (+14d, +21d, and +35d) periods, being divided into two groups (with and without uterine diseases). NEB evaluations were based on the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) at calving and 14 days postpartum. Nearly 1/3 of the crossbred cows presented an NEB, characterized by a significant increase in NEFA with no BHBA increase; however, it was less intense than that observed in Holstein cows during the transition period. There was a significant difference between cows with and without uterine diseases in NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum, as well as body condition score (BCS) during prepartum. In conclusion, the occurrence of uterine diseases during the transitional period is related to the BCS in the prepartum period, besides serum NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum.

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar possíveis metabólitos no período de transição capazes de predizer a ocorrência de enfermidades uterinas puerperais em vacas leiteiras (Holandês X Gir). A hipótese foi de que, semelhante ao observado em vacas Holandesas, o balanço energético negativo (BEN) aumentaria a incidência de enfermidades uterinas. Foram utilizadas 34 vacas lactantes com variação entre ½HG, »HG, ¾HG e 5/8HG de composição genética. Os momentos avaliados foram estabelecidos como pré-parto (-60d e -30d), parto e pós-parto (+14d, +21d e +35d) e as fêmeas divididas em dois grupos, com e sem enfermidades uterinas. O BEN foi estabelecido com base nas concentrações de ácidos graxos não-esterificados (NEFA) e beta-hidroxibutirato (BHBA) no parto e 14 dias pós-parto. Observou-se que cerca de 1/3 das vacas mestiças passaram por BEN caracterizado por aumento significativo de NEFA e sem aumento de BHBA, porém em intensidade menor do que o observado em vacas Holandesas. Verificou-se diferença significativa do escore de condição corporal (ECC) no pré-parto e das concentrações de NEFA e de cálcio no parto, entre vacas com e sem enfermidades uterinas. Conclui-se que o ECC no pré-parto e as concentrações de NEFA e cálcio no parto se relacionam com a ocorrência de enfermidades uterinas.