Potential influences of expression levels of MFGE8 and HMGB1 on the intestinal mucosal barrier function and inflammatory response after blunt abdominal injury in rats

Purpose: To explore the influence of milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (MFGE8) on blunt abdominal injury in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Methods: The blunt abdominal injury model was generated in SD rats. A total of 44 rats was randomly assigned into three groups. Rat blunt abdominal injury was assessed by the abbreviated injury scale (AIS). The rats were sacrificed for observing the morphology of the abdominal cavity and intestines. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to visualize the pathological changes of rat intestines. Positive expressions of MFGE8 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in rat intestines were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Protein levels were determined by Western blot. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-1ß, IL-6 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Blunt abdominal injury resulted in inflammatory response of intestinal tissues, increased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 and MDA, upregulation of HMGB1, RhoA and ROCK2, and downregulation of MFGE8 in rats, which were significantly alleviated by intervention of rhMFGE8. Conclusions: MFGE8 protects the intestinal mucosal barrier function after blunt abdominal injury in rats by downregulating HMGB1. Moreover, it alleviates inflammatory response and oxidative stress caused by blunt abdominal injury in rats through downregulating RhoA and ROCK.

Endosurgery approach in a dog with thoracoabdominal injury

Background: Chest trauma is one of the main thoracic injuries in dogs and cats, reaching a high morbidity and mortality. The tissue damage, in thoracic trauma, can be underappreciated by visual exam and traditional radiography. The thoracoscopy can provide information for a precise definitive diagnosis, by this technique bleeding or air leakage can be identified and corrected immediately and the diaphragm can be completely evaluated. The aim of this work was to describe the thoracoscopic approach in a case of diaphragmatic perforation caused by penetrating trauma in a dog. Case: A 6-year-old male dog mixed-breed dog, weighing 14 kg with thorax perforation was presented to the Veterinary Hospital. Clinical examination of the animal revealed the following: pale mucous membranes, moderate dyspnea, open pneumothorax, abdominal distension, heart rate of 108 beats per minute and respiratory rate of 64 breaths per minute. Physical examination confirmed a 3 cm perforation hemorrhagic lesion in the left ninth intercostal space. As an emergency treatment, oxygen therapy, tramadol hydrochloride [Cronidor® 2%, 4 mg/kg, i.v, TID], tranexamic acid [Transamin® 25 mg/kg, i.v, TID], ceftriaxone [Rocefin® 50 mg/kg, i.v, BID] and fluid therapy with lactated Ringer's solution were administered. The hair was removed, and then, wound cleaning and obliteration of the wall injury with sterile gauze was performed. After the emergency stabilization, the animal was anesthetized, followed by preventive thoracocentesis by an approach close to thoracic perforation and thoracoscopy without pneumoperitonea through this thoracic perforation with 0-degree rigid endoscope. About 100 mL of blood and air was drained and diagnosed perforation in the diaphragm and pulmonary atelectasis in the caudal and left cranial lobes. the edges of the incisional wound were debrided, and the closure of thoracic incision was performed usual way. After that, the air was removed by a catheter and syringe system. A flexible plastic tube was inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space for drainage every 2 h for 24 h. There were no intercurrences during the first 24 h after the surgical procedure. The patient was discharged 48 h after the surgery. Cephalexin [75 mg, 30 mg/kg, v.o, TID, during 5 days), Ketoprofen [20 mg, 2 mg/kg, v.o, SID, during 5 days], Tramadol Hydrochloride [50 mg, 4 mg/kg, v.o, SID, during 2 days] and Rifamycin spray at the wound site was prescribed. Ten days after surgery, the patient returned to the hospital for suture removal and reassessment. Discussion: The prognosis of chest perforation depends on the severity and number of internal and external thoracic lesions, as well as cardiovascular status at the time of initial patient care. In cases of penetrating chest trauma, it is essential to thoroughly examine the thoracic cavity for bleeding, tissue tears, and diaphragm perforation. The use of the endoscope allowed for a more detailed exploration of the chest without the need to increase the incision. When the diaphragm lesion was found, it was also possible to perform the abdominal examination by videoendoscopy, through this perforation. Laparotomy and thoracotomy cause postoperative pain and discomfort, in addition to increasing recovery time, however, even with trauma, not performing a larger incision favored the recovery of this patient, without any intercurrence in the first 24 h after the procedure. In conclusion, the endoscopic approach was efficient for diagnosis, avoiding greater trauma and contributing to a better clinical recovery of the patient.

Eventração paracostal de útero gravídico em cadela / Paracostal eventration of a pregnant uterus in a bitch

Background: Traumatic abdominal hernias result from trauma which causes muscular and fascia rupture, with dislocation of viscera into the subcutaneous space without perforation of the skin. Paracostal eventration, occurs due to avulsion of the abdominal external oblique and abdominal transverse muscles from their insertion point at the ribs, resulting in dislocation of the abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous region, lateral to the abdominal wall; however, there are few reports in the literature describing this type of lesion in dogs, especially when the herniated content is a gravid uterus. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of traumatic paracostal hernia of a pregnant uterus in a dog. Case: A 2-year-old pregnant bitch weighing 8.9 kg was presented with a sudden increase in abdominal volume lateral to the left thoracic wall which, according to the owner, started after the dog was hit by a car. On physical examination, the dog had a greenish vaginal secretion and the increased volume on the left paracostal region mentioned above. Laboratory exams showed normocytic normochromic anemia, slight leukocytosis without left shift, and a discreet increase in creatinine, urea, and alanine aminotransferase. Abdominal radiographs showed a lack of continuity of the left abdominal muscle wall, with passage of the uterine horn into the subcutaneous space lateral to the rib cage. After stabilization of the patient with fluid therapy and analgesia, the bitch was anesthetized with propofol intravenously, and maintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Cephazolin was administered intravenously 30 min prior to the surgery as prophylactic antibiotic therapy. An exploratory celiotomy was then performed, where a defect in the internal and external oblique abdominal muscles and transverse abdominal muscle was observed at their point of origin and insertion at the...

Eventração paracostal de útero gravídico em cadela / Paracostal eventration of a pregnant uterus in a bitch

Background: Traumatic abdominal hernias result from trauma which causes muscular and fascia rupture, with dislocation of viscera into the subcutaneous space without perforation of the skin. Paracostal eventration, occurs due to avulsion of the abdominal external oblique and abdominal transverse muscles from their insertion point at the ribs, resulting in dislocation of the abdominal viscera into the subcutaneous region, lateral to the abdominal wall; however, there are few reports in the literature describing this type of lesion in dogs, especially when the herniated content is a gravid uterus. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of traumatic paracostal hernia of a pregnant uterus in a dog. Case: A 2-year-old pregnant bitch weighing 8.9 kg was presented with a sudden increase in abdominal volume lateral to the left thoracic wall which, according to the owner, started after the dog was hit by a car. On physical examination, the dog had a greenish vaginal secretion and the increased volume on the left paracostal region mentioned above. Laboratory exams showed normocytic normochromic anemia, slight leukocytosis without left shift, and a discreet increase in creatinine, urea, and alanine aminotransferase. Abdominal radiographs showed a lack of continuity of the left abdominal muscle wall, with passage of the uterine horn into the subcutaneous space lateral to the rib cage. After stabilization of the patient with fluid therapy and analgesia, the bitch was anesthetized with propofol intravenously, and maintained with isoflurane diluted in oxygen. Cephazolin was administered intravenously 30 min prior to the surgery as prophylactic antibiotic therapy. An exploratory celiotomy was then performed, where a defect in the internal and external oblique abdominal muscles and transverse abdominal muscle was observed at their point of origin and insertion at the...(AU)

Sonographic aspects of splenic torsion due to abdominal eventration in a dog

Background: The splenic torsion is a rare condition in dogs, especially when it is not associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus. Abdominal ultrasonography has been reported as an accurate diagnostic method in cases of splenic torsion suspicions. Splenomegaly, decreased echogenicity of the parenchyma of the spleen and hypoechoic appearance or “lace” are suggestive sonographic findings, although the definitive diagnosis is given through exploratory laparotomy. This study reports a case of splenic torsion followed by abdominal trauma and eventration in a dog, highlighting the importance of the ultrasound examination. Case: An adult dog without a defined breed pattern that weighed 8.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA) with a history of trauma caused by having been run over by a car 24 h earlier. The animal exhibited right inguinal region swelling with hematoma and a loss of local muscular tension. An abdominal ultrasound indicated that the spleen was displaced to the right inguinal region and that a portion of the spleen was included in the animal’s abdominal eventration. The spleen possessed an irregular surface with increased dimensions and diffusely decreased echogenicity and multiple parallel echogenic lines (in the reticular aspect). Abrupt differences in the echogenic textures of the spleen were identified in certain images. Color Doppler assessments revealed no blood flow. Based on the aforementioned ultrasound findings, an exploratory laparotomy was indicated. The laparotomy confirmed the presence of right inguinal abdominal muscle rupture with dislocation, eventration, and splenic torsion. Discussion: Splenic torsion may be most frequently reported in cases involving large and giant male dogs because this condition is typically related to dilatation syndrome and gastric volvulus, which are more prevalent among large and giant male dogs than among other dogs […]

Sonographic aspects of splenic torsion due to abdominal eventration in a dog

Background: The splenic torsion is a rare condition in dogs, especially when it is not associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus. Abdominal ultrasonography has been reported as an accurate diagnostic method in cases of splenic torsion suspicions. Splenomegaly, decreased echogenicity of the parenchyma of the spleen and hypoechoic appearance or “lace” are suggestive sonographic findings, although the definitive diagnosis is given through exploratory laparotomy. This study reports a case of splenic torsion followed by abdominal trauma and eventration in a dog, highlighting the importance of the ultrasound examination. Case: An adult dog without a defined breed pattern that weighed 8.6 kg was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA) with a history of trauma caused by having been run over by a car 24 h earlier. The animal exhibited right inguinal region swelling with hematoma and a loss of local muscular tension. An abdominal ultrasound indicated that the spleen was displaced to the right inguinal region and that a portion of the spleen was included in the animals abdominal eventration. The spleen possessed an irregular surface with increased dimensions and diffusely decreased echogenicity and multiple parallel echogenic lines (in the reticular aspect). Abrupt differences in the echogenic textures of the spleen were identified in certain images. Color Doppler assessments revealed no blood flow. Based on the aforementioned ultrasound findings, an exploratory laparotomy was indicated. The laparotomy confirmed the presence of right inguinal abdominal muscle rupture with dislocation, eventration, and splenic torsion. Discussion: Splenic torsion may be most frequently reported in cases involving large and giant male dogs because this condition is typically related to dilatation syndrome and gastric volvulus, which are more prevalent among large and giant male dogs than among other dogs […](AU)

Impacts of albumin synergized with hydroxyethyl starch on early microvascular albumin leakage after major abdominal surgery in rabbits

Purpose: To investigate the impacts of albumin synergized with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on early microvascular albumin leakage after major abdominal surgery in rabbits. Methods: Forty male Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the saline group, the albumin group, and the Syn group (hydroxyethyl starch+albumin). The latter three groups were performed gastrectomy plus resection of pancreatic body and tail and splenectomy. The serum albumin concentration was detected before and 48h after surgery, and the conditions of mesenteric microvascular leakage in these 4 groups were observed under microscope 48 h after surgery to calculate the leakage rate. Results: Compared with the saline group, the albumin group and the Syn group exhibited significantly increased serum albumin concentrations 48h after surgery (P 0.05). The albumin leakage rate was the most obvious in the albumin group, followed by the saline group, while that in the Syn group was the minimal, and there existed significant differences among these groups (P 0.05) . Conclusion: Simple administration of albumin in the early stage after major abdominal surgery could increase the albumin leakage, while the synergization of albumin and hydroxyethyl starch could reduce the albumin leakage.(AU)

Hérnia diafragmática traumática em felino / Diaphragmatic traumatic hernia in feline

As hérnias diafragmáticas caracterizam-se pela passagem das vísceras abdominais para a cavidade torácica após ruptura do diafragma (FOSSUM et al., 2007). Normalmente as hérnias diafragmáticas tem origem traumática (DALECK et al., 2008), podendo também ser de caráter congênito (MAZZANTI et al., 2003). Os sintomas relacionam-se com alterações gastrointestinais e respiratórias, sendo a dispneia o distúrbio mais mencionado (DRUMOND et al., 2007). O diagnóstico fundamenta-se, especialmente, na história do paciente que geralmente coincide com trauma, decorrente de acidentes automobilísticos, quedas, chutes e brigas (FOSSUM et al., 2007), e sinais clínicos apresentados, porém o exame radiográfico é primordial para o diagnóstico conclusivo (ARAGÃO et al., 2010). Com esse trabalho objetivou-se relatar um caso de hérnia diafragmática adquirida em felino após traumatismo, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico, o qual desencadeou parada cardiorrespiratória com necessidade de atendimento emergencial.

Evisceração por acidente automobilístico em cão da raça pitbull / Evisceration by car accident in dog pitbull

Foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária da UFRGS um canino da raça Pitbull, de aproximadamente cinco anos e pesando 40 kg. O animal apresentava evisceração de diversos órgãos abdominais devido a atropelamento, além de choque hipovolêmico.

Evisceração por acidente automobilístico em cão da raça pitbull / Evisceration by car accident in dog pitbull

Foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária da UFRGS um canino da raça Pitbull, de aproximadamente cinco anos e pesando 40 kg. O animal apresentava evisceração de diversos órgãos abdominais devido a atropelamento, além de choque hipovolêmico.(AU)

Hérnia diafragmática traumática em felino / Diaphragmatic traumatic hernia in feline

As hérnias diafragmáticas caracterizam-se pela passagem das vísceras abdominais para a cavidade torácica após ruptura do diafragma (FOSSUM et al., 2007). Normalmente as hérnias diafragmáticas tem origem traumática (DALECK et al., 2008), podendo também ser de caráter congênito (MAZZANTI et al., 2003). Os sintomas relacionam-se com alterações gastrointestinais e respiratórias, sendo a dispneia o distúrbio mais mencionado (DRUMOND et al., 2007). O diagnóstico fundamenta-se, especialmente, na história do paciente que geralmente coincide com trauma, decorrente de acidentes automobilísticos, quedas, chutes e brigas (FOSSUM et al., 2007), e sinais clínicos apresentados, porém o exame radiográfico é primordial para o diagnóstico conclusivo (ARAGÃO et al., 2010). Com esse trabalho objetivou-se relatar um caso de hérnia diafragmática adquirida em felino após traumatismo, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico, o qual desencadeou parada cardiorrespiratória com necessidade de atendimento emergencial.(AU)

Laparotomia paramediana direita com cecostomia em equino com eventração: relato de caso / Right paramedian laparotomy with cecostomy in equine eventration: report of case / Laparotomía paramediana derecha con el caballo colostomía con eventración: reporte de un caso

A eventração é a ruptura da parede abdominal com saída de vísceras, ficando contida apenas pela pele.O trauma é a etiologia mais frequente na maioria dos casos e pode ocasionar estrangulação das porções acometidas.Após a lesão ocorre deposição de fibrina e construção de aglutinações fibrinosas, que serão degradadas em poucos dias ou transformadas em aderências fibrosas permanentes. O tratamento é cirúrgico e consiste na redução do conteúdo eventrado e reconstituição da parede abdominal. O propósito deste trabalho é reportar um caso de. eventração equina com aderência de ceco, atendido no setor de Clínica Médica e Terapêutica de Equídeos da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). O animal foi submetido à laparotomia paramediana direita com cecostomia e redução da eventração. O equino recebeu alta após 30 dias da intervenção com a ferida cirúrgica cicatrizada e sem evidências de complicações pós-operatórias.

The eventration is the rupture of the abdominal wall with output viscera, being restrained only by theskin. Trauma is the most frequent cause in most cases and may lead to strangulation of affected portions. Alter theinjury, the fibrin deposition and clumps fibrinous construction may be degraded in few days or transformed intopermanent fibrous adhesion. The treatment is surgical and consists to reduce the gut content and reconstitute abdominal wall. The purpose of this study is to report an equine eventration with cecal adhesion, atlended at Large Animal Medical and Surgical Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny College (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). The animal under went laparotomy with right paramedian cecostomy andreducing herniation. The horse was discharged after 30 days of intervention with the healed wound and no evidenceof post-operative complications.

A eventración es Ia ruptura de Ia pared abdominal con salida de Ias viseras, quedandó sostenida apenaspor lapiel. EI trauma es Ia etologia mas frecuente en Ia mayoria de los casos que puede ocasionar estrangulacion deIas porciones acometidas despues de Ia lesion ocurre deposição de fibrina y construccion de glutinaco es fibrinosasque seran degradads en pocos dias o transformadas en aderência fibrosas permanente. EI tratamento es cirúrgico que consiste en Ia reduccion dei contenido eventrada y Ia regeneracion de Ia pared abdominal. EI proposito de estetrabajo es reportar un caso de eventración equina com aderência de ceco atendido en el sector de clinica medica y terapêutica de equideos de Ia Facultad de Medicina Veterinária y Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de MatoGrosso do Sul (UFMS). EI animal fue sometido a laparotomia paramediana derecha con cecostomia y reduccion deIa eventración. EI equino tuvo de alta aios 30 dias de intervencion con Ia herida cirúrgica cicatrisada y sin evidenciade complicacion pos-operatória.

Laparotomia paramediana direita com cecostomia em equino com eventração: relato de caso / Right paramedian laparotomy with cecostomy in equine eventration: report of case / Laparotomía paramediana derecha con el caballo colostomía con eventración: reporte de un caso

A eventração é a ruptura da parede abdominal com saída de vísceras, ficando contida apenas pela pele.O trauma é a etiologia mais frequente na maioria dos casos e pode ocasionar estrangulação das porções acometidas.Após a lesão ocorre deposição de fibrina e construção de aglutinações fibrinosas, que serão degradadas em poucos dias ou transformadas em aderências fibrosas permanentes. O tratamento é cirúrgico e consiste na redução do conteúdo eventrado e reconstituição da parede abdominal. O propósito deste trabalho é reportar um caso de. eventração equina com aderência de ceco, atendido no setor de Clínica Médica e Terapêutica de Equídeos da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). O animal foi submetido à laparotomia paramediana direita com cecostomia e redução da eventração. O equino recebeu alta após 30 dias da intervenção com a ferida cirúrgica cicatrizada e sem evidências de complicações pós-operatórias.(AU)

The eventration is the rupture of the abdominal wall with output viscera, being restrained only by theskin. Trauma is the most frequent cause in most cases and may lead to strangulation of affected portions. Alter theinjury, the fibrin deposition and clumps fibrinous construction may be degraded in few days or transformed intopermanent fibrous adhesion. The treatment is surgical and consists to reduce the gut content and reconstitute abdominal wall. The purpose of this study is to report an equine eventration with cecal adhesion, atlended at Large Animal Medical and Surgical Clinic, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny College (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). The animal under went laparotomy with right paramedian cecostomy andreducing herniation. The horse was discharged after 30 days of intervention with the healed wound and no evidenceof post-operative complications.(AU)

A eventración es Ia ruptura de Ia pared abdominal con salida de Ias viseras, quedandó sostenida apenaspor lapiel. EI trauma es Ia etologia mas frecuente en Ia mayoria de los casos que puede ocasionar estrangulacion deIas porciones acometidas despues de Ia lesion ocurre deposição de fibrina y construccion de glutinaco es fibrinosasque seran degradads en pocos dias o transformadas en aderência fibrosas permanente. EI tratamento es cirúrgico que consiste en Ia reduccion dei contenido eventrada y Ia regeneracion de Ia pared abdominal. EI proposito de estetrabajo es reportar un caso de eventración equina com aderência de ceco atendido en el sector de clinica medica y terapêutica de equideos de Ia Facultad de Medicina Veterinária y Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de MatoGrosso do Sul (UFMS). EI animal fue sometido a laparotomia paramediana derecha con cecostomia y reduccion deIa eventración. EI equino tuvo de alta aios 30 dias de intervencion con Ia herida cirúrgica cicatrisada y sin evidenciade complicacion pos-operatória.(AU)

Obesity and abdominal wound healing in rats / Obesidade e cicatrização da parede abdominal em ratos

INTRODUCTION: Treatment for obesity essentially has to do with weight loss, which can be achieved through surgical procedures. Despite the considerable rise in the number of such procedures, the relationship between obesity and the healing process has not been totally clarified. PURPOSE: To investigate abdominal wound healing in obese Wistar rats on the seventh and fourteenth days following a laparotomy. METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two groups, the control and experiment group. The control group were fed on either a standard diet for the species and the experiment group were put on a high calorie diet. After 116 days, all the animals were submitted to a laparotomy followed by laparorrhaphy. After euthanasia on the seventh or fourteenth day, fragments of the abdominal wound containing the scar were submitted to histopathological and tensiometric analysis. RESULTS: The average weight of the animals from the experiment group was higher than that of the control group (p<0.001). The difference in the resistance of the cutaneous scars was not significant. The aponeurotic scars were more resistant in the control group after seven days (p=0.011) and fourteen days (p=0.040). There was no difference in terms of intensity of the inflammatory reaction and the collagen density was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In rats, obesity lowered the resistance of the aponeurotic scars but not the skin scars. It did not interfere with the delayed inflammatory response and the collagen density.(AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento da obesidade é baseado essencialmente na perda de peso, e isto pode ser conseguido por meio de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Apesar do grande aumento no número destes procedimentos, a relação entre obesidade e o processo de cicatrização ainda não está totalmente elucidada. OBJETIVO: Investigar a cicatrização da parede abdominal de ratos Wistar obesos, sete e 14 dias após laparotomia. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar, em número de 36 foram alocados em dois grupos, controle e experimento. Os do grupo controle receberam dieta padrão para a espécie e os do experimento dieta hipercalórica. Depois de 116 dias, todos os animais foram submetidos à laparotomia seguida de laparorrafia. Após a eutanásia com sete ou 14 dias, fragmentos da parede abdominal contendo a cicatriz receberam análise histopatológica e tensiométrica. RESULTADOS: O peso médio dos animais do grupo experimento foi maior do que o do grupo controle (p<0,001). A diferença da resistência das cicatrizes cutâneas não foi significante. As cicatrizes aponeuróticas foram mais resistentes no grupo controle aos sete dias (p=0,011) e aos 14 dias (p=0,040). Não houve diferença quanto à intensidade da reação inflamatória e a densidade de colágeno foi semelhante nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Em ratos, a obesidade diminuiu a resistência das cicatrizes aponeuróticas, mas não a das cicatrizes da pele. Não interferiu na reação inflamatória tardia e nem na densidade do colágeno.(AU)

The use of amniotic membrane in the repair of duodenal wounds in Wistar rats / Uso da membrana amniótica no reparo de feridas duodenais em ratos Wistar

Purpose: In the search of a new material to repair duodenal wounds, a trial was conducted to assess the behavior of human amniotic membrane in the repair of the duodenal wall in rats. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats weighing between 250 and 350g, male, were submitted to duodenotomy and randomly distributed into two groups. Group A (n=8) had no treatment and was used as the control group. In Group B (n=42) the duodenal wound was treated with a patch of human amniotic membrane. RESULTS: All animals in Group A died. In Group B no changes were observed with regards to death or the formation of duodenal fistula. All animals presented peritoneal adherences in the region on the duodenal wall repair and intestinal obstruction was observed in two animals. Healing of the duodenal wall in the region of the patch took place progressively as the post-operatory period increased, with regeneration of the mucosa and of the smooth muscle layer. CONCLUSION: From the clinical standpoint, the amniotic membrane proved to be a biological tissue which served as a temporary seal and allowed the wound to heal by second-intention, with re-establishment of the duodenal wall structure.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Na busca de um novo material para o reparo dos ferimentos duodenais, foi efetuado um estudo para avaliar o comportamento da membrana amniótica humana no reparo da parede duodenal em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar, com peso entre 250 e 350g, machos, distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em dois grupos. Grupo A (n=8), submetido à duodenotomia sem tratamento, utilizados como controle. Grupo B (n=42), submetido a um remendo de membrana amniótica humana para tratamento de ferimento duodenal provocado. RESULTADOS: Todos os animais do grupo A foram a óbito. No grupo B não foram observadas alterações quanto a óbito ou formação de fístula duodenal. Observaram-se em todos os animais aderências peritoneais à região do reparo da parede do duodeno e obstrução intestinal em dois animais. O reparo da parede duodenal na área do remendo ocorreu de maneira progressiva com o aumento do período pós-operatório, com regeneração da mucosa e da camada muscular. CONCLUSÃO: A análise da membrana amniótica, do ponto de vista clínico, mostrou ser um tecido biológico que serviu para selar.(AU)

Diagnóstico por imagem em felino politraumatizado (relato de caso) / Image diagnosis in fetinepolytraumatism - Case report / El diagnóstico por imágenes enfetino politraumatismos - Reportede un caso

Os maus tratos de animais ainda são práticas comuns nos dias de hoje. Os animais ainda são vítimas de maus tratos pelos seus proprietários, por pessoas que passam na rua e até mesmo por alguns funcionários do órgão municipal após serem recolhidos, antes de sofrerem uma morte cruel, que variam desde tiro de pistola até inalação de éter. Foi atendido no hospital veterinário um paciente felino com 17 anos de idade apresentando aumento de volume abdominal. Com o intuito de elucidar o caso e estabelecer o melhor tratamento, foram solicitados alguns exames de diagnóstico por imagem, como radiografia e ultrassonografia.Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de maus tratos a partir de tiro com pistola, além da importância dos exames por imagem para o diagnóstico e direcionamento da melhor terapia.(AU)

Cruelty to animais is still a common practice today. The animais are still victims of abuse by their owners, strange people that are passing by on the street and even by some employees of the municipal body after being rescued from the street, before suffering a cruel death. Cruel death of these animais varies from pistol shot to ether inhalation. It was attended on the veterinary hospital a feline patient with 17 years old presenting an increased abdominal volume. To elucidate the case and establish an efficient therapy it was requested some image diagnostic exams, like radiography and ultrasonography. The aim of this paper was toreport a case of pistol shot cruelty and the importance of imaging exams to diagnosis and to orientate the better treatment.(AU)

El maltrato aios animales siguen siendo una práctica común hoy en día. Los animales todavía son maltratados por sus duerios, la gente que pasa en la calle, e incluso después de haber sido recogidos por el órgano municipal antes de sufrir una muerte cruel, que van desde pistoletazo a la inhalación de éter. Ella fue admitida en un hospital veterinario felino con 17 anos de edad con un aumento dei volumen abdominal, que fueron solicitados por algunos exámenes clínicos de diagnóstico por imagen para completar Ia causa y eltratamiento óptimo consiguiente se establezcan.(AU)

Diagnóstico por imagem em felino politraumatizado (relato de caso) / Image diagnosis in fetinepolytraumatism - Case report / El diagnóstico por imágenes enfetino politraumatismos - Reportede un caso

Os maus tratos de animais ainda são práticas comuns nos dias de hoje. Os animais ainda são vítimas de maus tratos pelos seus proprietários, por pessoas que passam na rua e até mesmo por alguns funcionários do órgão municipal após serem recolhidos, antes de sofrerem uma morte cruel, que variam desde tiro de pistola até inalação de éter. Foi atendido no hospital veterinário um paciente felino com 17 anos de idade apresentando aumento de volume abdominal. Com o intuito de elucidar o caso e estabelecer o melhor tratamento, foram solicitados alguns exames de diagnóstico por imagem, como radiografia e ultrassonografia.Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de maus tratos a partir de tiro com pistola, além da importância dos exames por imagem para o diagnóstico e direcionamento da melhor terapia.

Cruelty to animais is still a common practice today. The animais are still victims of abuse by their owners, strange people that are passing by on the street and even by some employees of the municipal body after being rescued from the street, before suffering a cruel death. Cruel death of these animais varies from pistol shot to ether inhalation. It was attended on the veterinary hospital a feline patient with 17 years old presenting an increased abdominal volume. To elucidate the case and establish an efficient therapy it was requested some image diagnostic exams, like radiography and ultrasonography. The aim of this paper was toreport a case of pistol shot cruelty and the importance of imaging exams to diagnosis and to orientate the better treatment.

El maltrato aios animales siguen siendo una práctica común hoy en día. Los animales todavía son maltratados por sus duerios, la gente que pasa en la calle, e incluso después de haber sido recogidos por el órgano municipal antes de sufrir una muerte cruel, que van desde pistoletazo a la inhalación de éter. Ella fue admitida en un hospital veterinario felino con 17 anos de edad con un aumento dei volumen abdominal, que fueron solicitados por algunos exámenes clínicos de diagnóstico por imagen para completar Ia causa y eltratamiento óptimo consiguiente se establezcan.

Compactação primária do abomaso em 14 bovinos no estado de Pernambuco / Primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil

Apesar de forragens grosseiras e secas serem empregadas comumente na alimentação de vacas em várias regiões, especialmente durante o período seco, a compactação primária do abomaso tem sido pouco relatada no Brasil, provavelmente pela dificuldade de diagnóstico dos veterinários de campo. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre a compactação primária do abomaso em 14 bovinos no Estado de Pernambuco. Oito casos considerados moderados, sem grave distensão abdominal e sem compactação do rúmen, foram tratados conservativamente e quatro casos graves, com severa distensão abdominal e compactação do rúmen, foram tratados cirurgicamente. Um touro foi encaminhado para abate e uma vaca morreu antes de receber qualquer tratamento. O maior número de casos de compactação do abomaso ocorreu em bovinos da raça Holandesa com seis casos (42,9 por cento), seguido por animais mestiços com cinco casos (35,8 por cento) e as raças Pardo-Suiça, Nelore e Marchigiana com um caso cada (21,3 por cento). A composição da alimentação oferecida caracterizou-se por conter fibra de baixa qualidade e variou bastante dentre os casos. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram comportamento apático, desidratação, timpanismo ruminal associado à hipomotilidade, distensão abdominal, hipomotilidade intestinal e fezes escassas ou ausentes com presença de muco. Os achados hematológicos revelaram, na maioria dos casos, leucocitose por neutrofilia e hiperfibrinogenemia. Na análise do fluido ruminal havia comprometimento da dinâmica da flora e fauna microbiana, e elevação no teor de cloreto. O índice de recuperação clínica (4/8) e cirúrgica (2/4) observado neste estudo foi de 50 por cento. As condutas clínica e cirúrgica permanecem como opções viáveis para o tratamento das compactações leves e severas, entretanto o prognóstico é considerado reservado, principalmente quando associado à gestação avançada.(AU)

Despite the frequent use of dry and fibrous roughage for feeding cows in many regions, especially during the dry season, impaction of the abomasum has been poorly reported in Brazil, probably because the condition is misdiagnosed by practitioners. The present paper aimed to accomplish a retrospective study on primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Eight moderate cases, without severe abdominal distention and with no rumen compaction, were treated conservatively, and four severe cases, with severe abdominal distention and rumen compaction, were treated surgically. One bull was slaughtered and one cow died without treatment. The greater number of abomasal impaction cases was in Holstein cows with six cases (42.9 percent), followed by crossbred cattle with five cases (35.8 percent), and the breeds Brown-Swiss, Nelore and Marchigiana, each with one case (21.3 percent). The food composition was characterized by low quality fibers and varied greatly among cases. Most frequent clinical signs were apathy, dehydration, hypomotility and ruminal bloat, intestinal hypomotility and scanty or absent feces with mucus. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia in most cases. Ruminal fluid analysis showed compromised flora and fauna dynamics and increased chlorine ion concentration. Clinical (4/8) and chirurgical (2/4) recovery rate achieved 50 percent. The clinical and chirurgical methods remain as viable options for the treatment of light and severe impaction, but the prognosis is always reserved especially when associated to late pregnancy.(AU)

Características celulares e bioquímicas do líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos à obstrução experimental do duodeno, íleo e cólon maior / Cellular and biochemical characteristics of peritoneal fluid of equines submitted to experimental obstruction of duodenum, ileum, and large colon

Estudaram-se as características macroscópicas, bioquímicas e citológicas do líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos a um modelo experimental de obstrução intestinal em 24 animais, distribuídos em grupos: de controle instrumentado (GI), de obstrução do duodeno (GII), de obstrução do íleo (GIII) e de obstrução do cólon maior (GIV). As amostras de líquido peritoneal foram colhidas antes da cirurgia (T0), durante as obstruções (T60i-T180i) e após as desobstruções (T60ri-T7º ). Durante o período obstrutivo, não foram observadas alterações significativas nos parâmetros bioquímicos e citológicos avaliados no líquido peritoneal dos animais. Após as desobstruções, apenas os animais de GII e GIII apresentaram resposta inflamatória mais intensa, caracterizada por maior contagem global e diferencial de leucócitos e dos valores de proteína total, fibrinogênio, lactato e fósforo inorgânico. As alterações laboratoriais não foram associadas a sinais clínicos indicativos da presença de processo inflamatório abdominal, demonstrando que os resultados da análise do líquido peritoneal, apesar de auxiliarem no acompanhamento da evolução do processo de cura, não devem ser utilizados isoladamente na elaboração do diagnóstico e do prognóstico de complicações no pós-operatório de equinos com cólica.(AU)

The macroscopic, biochemical, and cytological characteristics of peritoneal fluid of equines submitted to intestinal obstruction using an experimental model were evaluated. Twenty-four animals were distributed in four groups: instrumented control (GI), duodenum obstruction (GII), ileum obstruction (GIII), and large colon obstruction (GIV). Peritoneal fluid samples were collected before the surgery (T0), during the obstruction (T60i-T180i), and after unblocking procedures (T60ri-T7º ). During obstructive period, significant alterations were not observed in biochemical and cytological examination of peritoneal fluid of all animals. After unblocking procedure, animals from GII and GIII presented intense inflammatory response characterized by higher global and differential leukocytes counts, as well as in fibrinogen and total protein concentrations; lactate and inorganic phosphorus concentrations in peritoneal fluid were also increased. The laboratory alterations were not associated with clinical signs, indicative of the abdominal inflammatory process presence. Results showed that analyses of peritoneal fluids can be used as support in the evolution of healing process. However, they can not be isolated used for a diagnosis and prognosis of equine postoperative complications.(AU)

Blunt abdominal trauma with small bowel injury: are isolated lesions riskier than associated lesions? / Trauma abdominal fechado com lesão de intestino delgado: lesão isolada tem mais risco de complicações do que a associada?

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare patients with "isolated" blunt small bowel injury (SBI) to patients with multiple intra-abdominal injuries and analyze whether delayed laparotomy affected outcome. METHODS: Medical records of patients that suffered a blunt SBI between 1994 and 2005 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: those with isolated SBI and those with other associated intra-abdominal injuries ("non-isolated"). The method of diagnosis, time to operation, small bowel Organ Injury Scale (OIS) assessment (grade > 2), injury severity score (ISS), morbidity, and mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 90 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 62 (68.9 percent) isolated cases and 28 (31.1 percent) non-isolated cases. Isolated cases required more supplementary diagnostic methods than the non-isolated cases. Non-isolated cases had a shorter diagnosis to treatment period (p < .01) and a higher ISS (mean 22.5 vs. 17.2 in "isolated" group). Morbidity (51.6 percent and 53.6 percent) and mortality (16.1 percent and 28.6 percent) did not differ significantly between the isolated and non-isolated groups. Delays in diagnosis were common in the isolated group, but this did not affect outcome. Patients with associated injuries, and higher ISS, had higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of associated intra-abdominal injuries significantly affected the presentation and time to diagnosis of patients with SBI, but not morbidity or mortality. Delayed surgical treatment in the isolated cases was not associated with an increased incidence of complications. Patients inflicted with more severe associated injuries were less likely to survive the trauma.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Comparar pacientes com lesão "isolada" de intestino delgado com pacientes com lesões abdominais "associadas" e analisar o quanto o retardo para indicação de laparotomia influenciou na evolução dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes com trauma abdominal fechado e lesão de intestino delgado no período de 1994 a 2005, sendo os pacientes divididos em dois grupos: lesão "isolada" e lesões abdominais "associadas". Foram analisados os métodos diagnósticos, intervalo de tempo para a cirurgia, gravidade da lesão de delgado (grau > 2), ISS e morbimortalidade dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Noventa pacientes preencheram os critérios de inclusão, 62 (68,9 por cento) no grupo "isolada" e 28 (31,1 por cento) no "associada". Pacientes do grupo "isolada" necessitaram mais de métodos diagnósticos complementares. O tempo de diagnóstico até o tratamento foi significantemente menor no grupo "associada", e estes pacientes apresentavam ISS mais elevado (média de 22,5 versus 17,2 no grupo "isolada"). A morbidade e mortalidade nos grupos foram, respectivamente, 51,6 por cento e 16,1 por cento no grupo "isolada", e 53,6 por cento e 28,6 por cento no "associada", sem diferença estatística. Demora para o diagnóstico foi comum no grupo "isolada", porém sem agravar a evolução dos pacientes. Pacientes com lesões "associadas", quantificadas pelo ISS, tiveram maior mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de lesões abdominais "associadas" significativamente interferiu no quadro clínico e momento do diagnóstico em pacientes com lesão de delgado, porém não influenciou na morbimortalidade. No grupo "isolada" a demora para tratamento cirúrgico foi freqüente, porém sem interferir nas complicações. A elevada mortalidade foi reflexo da gravidade de lesões associadas.(AU)