Phylogenetic analysis of Dengue virus 1 isolated from South Minas Gerais, Brazil

Dengue is a major worldwide public health problem, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Primary infection with a single Dengue virus serotype causes a mild, self-limiting febrile illness called dengue fever. However, a subset of patients who experience secondary infection with a different serotype can progress to a more severe form of the disease, called dengue hemorrhagic fever. The four Dengue virus serotypes (14) are antigenically and genetically distinct and each serotype is composed of multiple genotypes. In this study we isolated one Dengue virus 1 serotype, named BR/Alfenas/2012, from a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Alfenas, South Minas Gerais, Brazil and molecular identification was performed based on the analysis of NS5 gene. Swiss mice were infected with this isolate to verify its potential to induce histopathological alterations characteristic of dengue. Liver histopathological analysis of infected animals showed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates, hepatic steatosis, as well as edema, hemorrhage and necrosis focal points. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses based on the envelope gene provided evidence that the isolate BR/Alfenas/2012 belongs to genotype V, lineage I and it is probably derived from isolates of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The isolate BR/Alfenas/2012 showed two unique amino acids substitutions (SER222THRE and PHE306SER) when compared to other Brazilian isolates from the same genotype/lineage. Molecular models were generated for the envelope protein indicating that the amino acid alteration PHE 306 SER could contribute to a different folding in this region located within the domain III. Further genetic and animal model studies using BR/Alfenas/2012 and other isolates belonging to the same lineage/genotype could help determine the relation of these genetic alterations and dengue hemorrhagic fever in a susceptible population. (AU)

Phylogenetic analysis: basic concepts and its use as a tool for virology and molecular epidemiology / Análise filogenética: conceitos básicos e suas utilizações como ferramenta para virologia e epidemiologia molecular

Background: Phylogenetic analyses are an essential part in the exploratory assessment of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. Particularly in virology, they are able to delineate the evolution and epidemiology of disease etiologic agents and/or the evolutionary path of their hosts. The objective of this review is to help researchers who want to use phylogenetic analyses as a tool in virology and molecular epidemiology studies, presenting the most commonly used methodologies, describing the importance of the different techniques, their peculiar vocabulary and some examples of their use in virology. Review: This article starts presenting basic concepts of molecular epidemiology and molecular evolution, emphasizing their relevance in the context of viral infectious diseases. It presents a session on the vocabulary relevant to the subject, bringing readers to a minimum level of knowledge needed throughout this literature review. Within its main subject, the text explains what a molecular phylogenetic analysis is, starting from a multiple alignment of nucleotide or amino acid sequences. The different software used to perform multiple alignments may apply different algorithms. To build a phylogeny based on amino acid or nucleotide sequences it is necessary to produce a data matrix based on a model for nucleotide or amino acid replacement, also called evolutionary model. [...](AU)

Phylogenetic analysis: basic concepts and its use as a tool for virology and molecular epidemiology / Análise filogenética: conceitos básicos e suas utilizações como ferramenta para virologia e epidemiologia molecular

Background: Phylogenetic analyses are an essential part in the exploratory assessment of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. Particularly in virology, they are able to delineate the evolution and epidemiology of disease etiologic agents and/or the evolutionary path of their hosts. The objective of this review is to help researchers who want to use phylogenetic analyses as a tool in virology and molecular epidemiology studies, presenting the most commonly used methodologies, describing the importance of the different techniques, their peculiar vocabulary and some examples of their use in virology. Review: This article starts presenting basic concepts of molecular epidemiology and molecular evolution, emphasizing their relevance in the context of viral infectious diseases. It presents a session on the vocabulary relevant to the subject, bringing readers to a minimum level of knowledge needed throughout this literature review. Within its main subject, the text explains what a molecular phylogenetic analysis is, starting from a multiple alignment of nucleotide or amino acid sequences. The different software used to perform multiple alignments may apply different algorithms. To build a phylogeny based on amino acid or nucleotide sequences it is necessary to produce a data matrix based on a model for nucleotide or amino acid replacement, also called evolutionary model. [...]

Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) infection in calves with diarrhoea and their dams

Background: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) is common with high seroprevalence in dairy cattle. It is reported in many countries. Also, BoCV causes diarrhea in dairy calves. The transmission of BoCV is the fecal-oral/aerosol-nasal routes. Feces from clinical cases or clinically normal dairy cattle are source of infection, also contamination of feed and water. The purpose of the current study was to investigate BoCV infection in diarrheic calves (age and sex) and their dams (age). For this reason, the serological and virological methods were used. Haematological parameters of the calves and their dams were compared using the statistical methods.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, following clinical examination of 3500 cattle and their calves from 25 number of dairy farms 184 calves with diarrhoea and their dams (183) (2 - 6 age) were sampled for BoCV presence by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, all blood samples were examined by hematological methods. 172 (93.99%) cows and 172 (93.99%) calves were found antibodies (Ab) positive (+). The high levels of Ab for BoCV were detected as 36.05 % in dams 6 years and older ages. In the calves, Ab to BoCV were found at the highest level (25.26%) in the female calves 5 - 6 months ages. BoCV antigen (Ag) was detected in only faecal sample of a (0.54%) calf. When the haematological parameters were compared [...](AU)

Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) infection in calves with diarrhoea and their dams

Background: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) is common with high seroprevalence in dairy cattle. It is reported in many countries. Also, BoCV causes diarrhea in dairy calves. The transmission of BoCV is the fecal-oral/aerosol-nasal routes. Feces from clinical cases or clinically normal dairy cattle are source of infection, also contamination of feed and water. The purpose of the current study was to investigate BoCV infection in diarrheic calves (age and sex) and their dams (age). For this reason, the serological and virological methods were used. Haematological parameters of the calves and their dams were compared using the statistical methods.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, following clinical examination of 3500 cattle and their calves from 25 number of dairy farms 184 calves with diarrhoea and their dams (183) (2 - 6 age) were sampled for BoCV presence by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, all blood samples were examined by hematological methods. 172 (93.99%) cows and 172 (93.99%) calves were found antibodies (Ab) positive (+). The high levels of Ab for BoCV were detected as 36.05 % in dams 6 years and older ages. In the calves, Ab to BoCV were found at the highest level (25.26%) in the female calves 5 - 6 months ages. BoCV antigen (Ag) was detected in only faecal sample of a (0.54%) calf. When the haematological parameters were compared [...]

Survey of viruses belonging to different genera and species in noble garlic in Brazil

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a host to several viruses, most commonly those belonging to theAllexivirus,Carlavirus, orPotyvirusgenera. Nine species distributed among these three genera have been reported in Brazil: two species within carlaviruses, two within potyviruses, and five within allexiviruses. To quantify the prevalence of these viruses, young leaves from 520 plants (plants either symptomatic or asymptomatic) were collected from commercial fields grown in four Brazilian states and analyzed using universal and species-specific primers via the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Potyvirus presence was positive in 306 samples (81 %), 151 of them (38 %) in mixed infections with other viruses. The most frequent potyviruses wereOnion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV, 56 %) andLeek yellow stripe virus(LYSV, 55 %). 187 samples (49 %) were positive for allexivirus, with 33 (9 %) showing single infections and 154 (41 %) showing mixed infections withGarlic virus A (GarV-A),Garlic virus B(GarV-B),Garlic virus C(GarV-C),Garlic virus D(GarV-D), and species belonging to theCarlavirus andPotyvirusgenera. The predominant species in which allexiviruses were found were GarV-A and GarV-D. Only 15 samples (4 %) were infected solely by a carlavirus, and 63 (17 %) showed mixed infections with viruses from different genera. The dominant species of carlavirus wasGarlic commom latent virus(GarCLV). Carlaviruses and allexiviruses are frequently associated with mixed infections with potyviruses, whereas mixed infections with carlaviruses and allexiviruses are rare. About 70 % of the plants collected were positive for at least one species of virus.

Survey of viruses belonging to different genera and species in noble garlic in Brazil

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a host to several viruses, most commonly those belonging to theAllexivirus,Carlavirus, orPotyvirusgenera. Nine species distributed among these three genera have been reported in Brazil: two species within carlaviruses, two within potyviruses, and five within allexiviruses. To quantify the prevalence of these viruses, young leaves from 520 plants (plants either symptomatic or asymptomatic) were collected from commercial fields grown in four Brazilian states and analyzed using universal and species-specific primers via the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Potyvirus presence was positive in 306 samples (81 %), 151 of them (38 %) in mixed infections with other viruses. The most frequent potyviruses wereOnion yellow dwarf virus(OYDV, 56 %) andLeek yellow stripe virus(LYSV, 55 %). 187 samples (49 %) were positive for allexivirus, with 33 (9 %) showing single infections and 154 (41 %) showing mixed infections withGarlic virus A (GarV-A),Garlic virus B(GarV-B),Garlic virus C(GarV-C),Garlic virus D(GarV-D), and species belonging to theCarlavirus andPotyvirusgenera. The predominant species in which allexiviruses were found were GarV-A and GarV-D. Only 15 samples (4 %) were infected solely by a carlavirus, and 63 (17 %) showed mixed infections with viruses from different genera. The dominant species of carlavirus wasGarlic commom latent virus(GarCLV). Carlaviruses and allexiviruses are frequently associated with mixed infections with potyviruses, whereas mixed infections with carlaviruses and allexiviruses are rare. About 70 % of the plants collected were positive for at least one species of virus.(AU)

An improved purification procedure for Leishmania RNA virus (LRV)

Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV, Totiviridae) infect Leishmania cells and subvert mice immune response, probably promoting parasite persistence, suggesting significant roles for LRV in host-parasite interaction. Here we describe a new LRV1-4 purification protocol, enabling capsid visualization by negatively stained electron microscopy representing a significant contribution to future LRV investigations.

Pesquisa de anticorpos contra maedi visna em ovinos nas microregiões de Botucatu, Campinas, Piedade e São Paulo, Estado de São Paulo / Survey for antibodies against maedi-visna virus in sheep in the regions of Botucatu, Campinas, São Paulo and Piedade, State of São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus Maedi-Visna em ovinos criados nas microrregiões de Botucatu, Campinas, Piedade e São Paulo do Estado de São Paulo. As amostras de soro sanguíneo foram colhidas de 226 ovinos e foi realizada a técnica de imunodifusão em gel de ágar para a detecção de anticorpos antivírus Maedi-Visna e verificou-se que nenhuma das amostras testadas foi sororeagente. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário um estudo mais amplo no estado, a fim de se confirmar a baixa ocorrência e importância da enfermidade no estado.

Survey for antibodies against maedi-visna virus in sheep in the regions of Botucatu, Campinas, São Paulo and Piedade, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of infection with maedi-visna virus in sheep raised in the regions of Botucatu, Campinas, Piedade and São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil, that showed symptoms of the disease. Blood serum samples collected from 226 sheep were submitted to the agar gel immunodiffusion technique for detection of antibodies against maedi-visna virus, and none of the samples tested was serum reactive. In conclusion, the maedi-visna virus has low frequency in animals raised in the regions studied.

Pesquisa de anticorpos contra maedi visna em ovinos nas microregiões de Botucatu, Campinas, Piedade e São Paulo, Estado de São Paulo / Survey for antibodies against maedi-visna virus in sheep in the regions of Botucatu, Campinas, São Paulo and Piedade, State of São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência da infecção pelo vírus Maedi-Visna em ovinos criados nas microrregiões de Botucatu, Campinas, Piedade e São Paulo do Estado de São Paulo. As amostras de soro sanguíneo foram colhidas de 226 ovinos e foi realizada a técnica de imunodifusão em gel de ágar para a detecção de anticorpos antivírus Maedi-Visna e verificou-se que nenhuma das amostras testadas foi sororeagente. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário um estudo mais amplo no estado, a fim de se confirmar a baixa ocorrência e importância da enfermidade no estado.(AU)

Survey for antibodies against maedi-visna virus in sheep in the regions of Botucatu, Campinas, São Paulo and Piedade, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of infection with maedi-visna virus in sheep raised in the regions of Botucatu, Campinas, Piedade and São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil, that showed symptoms of the disease. Blood serum samples collected from 226 sheep were submitted to the agar gel immunodiffusion technique for detection of antibodies against maedi-visna virus, and none of the samples tested was serum reactive. In conclusion, the maedi-visna virus has low frequency in animals raised in the regions studied.(AU)

Immunologic cross-reactivity between Muscovy duck parvovirus and goose parvovirus on the basis of epitope prediction

Through bioinformatic prediction, between Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV), there were one epitope AA503-509 (RANEPKE) on non-structural protein and three epitopes AA426-430 (SQDLD), 540-544 (DPYRS), 685-691 (KENSKRW) on structural protein might cross-react with each other. Furthermore, the four epitops were expressed in Escherichia coli. All the four recombinant proteins could react with GPV-antisera and MDPV-antisera in Western blot. (AU)

Decrease in hepatitis B prevalence among blood donors in Central-West Brazil

The aim of the present study was to estimate hepatitis B virus seroprevalence among first-time blood donors in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the central-western region of Brazil. Findings A retrospective analysis of first-time voluntary blood donor records, from January 2010 to December 2010, was conducted at the Hematology Center of Mato Grosso do Sul. The prevalence of the HBsAg and anti-HBc serological markers and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Chi-square analysis was performed between the seroprevalence previously found in 2001 and the one determined by the current study. Results were considered statistically significant if p< 0.05. Among 8,840 subjects, 269 (3.04%, 95% CI: 2.7-3.4) were positive for HBV markers. The prevalence rate of HBsAg was 0.19% (95% CI: 0.1-0.3) and anti-HBc alone was 2.85% (95% CI: 2.5-3.2). Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference regarding gender. However, an important association was observed between HBV infection and older age (p< 0.01). The seroprevalence of HBV infection in first-time blood donors diminished from 2001 to 2010 (p< 0.01). Such decrease suggests an improvement in the recruitment of safe donors, the positive impact of vaccination programs and the decreasing of HBV infection prevalence in the general population.(AU)

Immunologic cross-reactivity between Muscovy duck parvovirus and goose parvovirus on the basis of epitope prediction

Through bioinformatic prediction, between Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV), there were one epitope AA503-509 (RANEPKE) on non-structural protein and three epitopes AA426-430 (SQDLD), 540-544 (DPYRS), 685-691 (KENSKRW) on structural protein might cross-react with each other. Furthermore, the four epitops were expressed in Escherichia coli. All the four recombinant proteins could react with GPV-antisera and MDPV-antisera in Western blot.

Decrease in hepatitis B prevalence among blood donors in Central-West Brazil

The aim of the present study was to estimate hepatitis B virus seroprevalence among first-time blood donors in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, in the central-western region of Brazil. Findings A retrospective analysis of first-time voluntary blood donor records, from January 2010 to December 2010, was conducted at the Hematology Center of Mato Grosso do Sul. The prevalence of the HBsAg and anti-HBc serological markers and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Chi-square analysis was performed between the seroprevalence previously found in 2001 and the one determined by the current study. Results were considered statistically significant if p< 0.05. Among 8,840 subjects, 269 (3.04%, 95% CI: 2.7-3.4) were positive for HBV markers. The prevalence rate of HBsAg was 0.19% (95% CI: 0.1-0.3) and anti-HBc alone was 2.85% (95% CI: 2.5-3.2). Conclusions There was no statistically significant difference regarding gender. However, an important association was observed between HBV infection and older age (p< 0.01). The seroprevalence of HBV infection in first-time blood donors diminished from 2001 to 2010 (p< 0.01). Such decrease suggests an improvement in the recruitment of safe donors, the positive impact of vaccination programs and the decreasing of HBV infection prevalence in the general population.

Frequência de anticorpos contra o vírus da língua azul em ovinos do estado do Ceará, Brasil / Antibodies against the bluetongue virus in sheep flocks of Ceará state, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de ovinos soropositivos para o vírus da línguaazul (VLA) no Estado do Ceará, Brasil, e analisar as proteínas imunogênicas das cepas virais circulantes nesses rebanhos. O teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA) foi utilizado para pesquisar 271 amostras de soro oriundas de 16 rebanhos. Os resultados demonstraram que 27,3% (74/271) das amostras analisadas apresentaram anticorpos contra o agente e 68,8% (11/16) das propriedades tiveram animais positivos. O immunoblotting (IB) foi utilizado para analisar as proteínas imunogênicas do VLA a partir dos soros de animais positivos no IDGA. Os soros demonstraram forte reação contra a proteína viral VP2. Para o VLA, das sete proteínas estruturais, a VP2 é a principal a estimular a resposta imune protetora. Concluiu-se que a soropositividade para a língua azul (LA) nos rebanhos ovinos estudados no Ceará é alta, apesar dos animais não apresentarem sinais clínicos, indicativo de que o vírus ocorra de forma endêmica. Além disso, a resistência à doença apresentada pelos animais pode estar relacionada com a forte reação imunológica desses à proteína VP2. Sendo assim, outros estudos são necessários para melhor esclarecer a situação epidemiológica da LA no país, através da identificação dos vetores e sorotipos virais circulantes nas diferentes regiões.

Antibodies against the bluetongue virus in sheep flocks of Ceará state, Brazil. The objective of this work was to verify the occurrence of sheep serologically positive for bluetongue virus (BTV) in the state of Ceará, Brazil, and analyze immunogenic proteins of circulating viral strains in these flocks. The agar gel immunodifusion test (AGID) was used to examine 271 serum samples from 16 herds. The results demonstrated that 27.3% (74/271) ofthe analyzed samples presented antibodies for the agent, and that 68.8% (11/16) of the propertiespresented positive animals. Immunoblotting (IB) was used to analyze the immunogenicproteins of BTV derived from AGID positive sera. Sera showed strong reaction against viral protein VP2. Of the seven BTV structural proteins, VP2 is the major protein to elicit protective immuneresponses. It was concluded that bluetongue (BT) seropositivity in sheep flocks studied in Ceará is high, despite that the animal's do not show clinical signs, indicating that it occurs in an endemic form. The animals’ resistance to the disease may be related to the strong immune response to the protein VP2. Therefore, further studies are needed to better clarify the epidemiological situation of BT in Brazilian sheep flocks, through the identification of viral vectors and serotypes circulating in different regions.

Frequência de anticorpos contra o vírus da língua azul em ovinos do estado do Ceará, Brasil / Antibodies against the bluetongue virus in sheep flocks of Ceará state, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de ovinos soropositivos para o vírus da línguaazul (VLA) no Estado do Ceará, Brasil, e analisar as proteínas imunogênicas das cepas virais circulantes nesses rebanhos. O teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA) foi utilizado para pesquisar 271 amostras de soro oriundas de 16 rebanhos. Os resultados demonstraram que 27,3% (74/271) das amostras analisadas apresentaram anticorpos contra o agente e 68,8% (11/16) das propriedades tiveram animais positivos. O immunoblotting (IB) foi utilizado para analisar as proteínas imunogênicas do VLA a partir dos soros de animais positivos no IDGA. Os soros demonstraram forte reação contra a proteína viral VP2. Para o VLA, das sete proteínas estruturais, a VP2 é a principal a estimular a resposta imune protetora. Concluiu-se que a soropositividade para a língua azul (LA) nos rebanhos ovinos estudados no Ceará é alta, apesar dos animais não apresentarem sinais clínicos, indicativo de que o vírus ocorra de forma endêmica. Além disso, a resistência à doença apresentada pelos animais pode estar relacionada com a forte reação imunológica desses à proteína VP2. Sendo assim, outros estudos são necessários para melhor esclarecer a situação epidemiológica da LA no país, através da identificação dos vetores e sorotipos virais circulantes nas diferentes regiões. (AU)

Antibodies against the bluetongue virus in sheep flocks of Ceará state, Brazil. The objective of this work was to verify the occurrence of sheep serologically positive for bluetongue virus (BTV) in the state of Ceará, Brazil, and analyze immunogenic proteins of circulating viral strains in these flocks. The agar gel immunodifusion test (AGID) was used to examine 271 serum samples from 16 herds. The results demonstrated that 27.3% (74/271) ofthe analyzed samples presented antibodies for the agent, and that 68.8% (11/16) of the propertiespresented positive animals. Immunoblotting (IB) was used to analyze the immunogenicproteins of BTV derived from AGID positive sera. Sera showed strong reaction against viral protein VP2. Of the seven BTV structural proteins, VP2 is the major protein to elicit protective immuneresponses. It was concluded that bluetongue (BT) seropositivity in sheep flocks studied in Ceará is high, despite that the animal's do not show clinical signs, indicating that it occurs in an endemic form. The animals resistance to the disease may be related to the strong immune response to the protein VP2. Therefore, further studies are needed to better clarify the epidemiological situation of BT in Brazilian sheep flocks, through the identification of viral vectors and serotypes circulating in different regions. (AU)

Estudo retrospectivo de cães positivos para cinomose, em ensaio imunocromatográfico, atendidos no hospital veterinário de Uberaba - MG

A Cinomose canina é causada por um vírus do gênero Morbillivirus pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae. O tropismo viral pelos leucócitos pode levar à leucopenia com linfopenia, seguida de imunossupressão. Além disso, também pode ser observada trombocitopenia imunomediada. A detecção de antígenos virais, em swabs das conjuntivas de cães suspeitos de estarem infectados com cinomose, pode ser feita por meio da técnica de imunocromatografia. A infecção com o vírus da cinomose pode ser prevenida através da vacinação dos animais. A determinação da associação entre a infecção pelo Morbillivirus e alterações hematológicas e/ou bioquímicas em cães naturalmente infectados, pode auxiliar no acompanhamento do animal enfermo. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados os dados hematológicos e bioquímicos de 149 cães, de diferentes raças e idades, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, no período entre os anos de 2008 a 2012, todos com diagnóstico positivo para antígenos virais de cinomose. 18,79% foram vacinados; 45,63% não eram vacinados e 35,57% estavam com vacinação atrasada. Em relação ás alterações hematológicas, obteve-se em maior quantidade: 48,32% anemia; 26,10% desidratação e 50,33% trompocitopenia. Já nas alterações de leucometria, observou-se em maior quantidade: 42,21% com valores normais de leucócitos; 57,71% linfopenia. A maioria dos casos positivos ocorreram no período seco do ano.

The Canine Distemper is caused by a virus of the genus Morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The viral tropism by leukocytes can lead to leukopenia with lymphopenia, followed by immunosuppression. It also can be seen immunomediated thrombocytopenia. The detection of viral antigens in the conjunctival swabs of dogs suspected of being infected with canine distemper, can be made by immunochromatography technique. The infection with canine distemper virus may be prevented by vaccinating the animals. The determination of the association between infection and Morbillivirus hematological and / or biochemical changes in naturally infected dogs, can assist in monitoring the animal sick. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 149 hematological and biochemical dogs of different breeds and ages met at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, in the period between the years 2008 to 2012, all with positive diagnosis of distemper viral antigens . 18.79% were vaccinated; 45.63% were not vaccinated and were 35.57% with vaccination records. Regarding hematological ace, was obtained in greater quantity: 48.32% anemia, dehydration 26.10% and 50.33% trompocitopenia. Have changes in leukocyte count was observed in greater amounts: 42.21% with normal leukocytes; 57.71% lymphopenia. Most of the positive cases occurred in the dry season.

Estudo retrospectivo de cães positivos para cinomose, em ensaio imunocromatográfico, atendidos no hospital veterinário de Uberaba - MG

A Cinomose canina é causada por um vírus do gênero Morbillivirus pertencente à família Paramyxoviridae. O tropismo viral pelos leucócitos pode levar à leucopenia com linfopenia, seguida de imunossupressão. Além disso, também pode ser observada trombocitopenia imunomediada. A detecção de antígenos virais, em swabs das conjuntivas de cães suspeitos de estarem infectados com cinomose, pode ser feita por meio da técnica de imunocromatografia. A infecção com o vírus da cinomose pode ser prevenida através da vacinação dos animais. A determinação da associação entre a infecção pelo Morbillivirus e alterações hematológicas e/ou bioquímicas em cães naturalmente infectados, pode auxiliar no acompanhamento do animal enfermo. Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados os dados hematológicos e bioquímicos de 149 cães, de diferentes raças e idades, atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, no período entre os anos de 2008 a 2012, todos com diagnóstico positivo para antígenos virais de cinomose. 18,79% foram vacinados; 45,63% não eram vacinados e 35,57% estavam com vacinação atrasada. Em relação ás alterações hematológicas, obteve-se em maior quantidade: 48,32% anemia; 26,10% desidratação e 50,33% trompocitopenia. Já nas alterações de leucometria, observou-se em maior quantidade: 42,21% com valores normais de leucócitos; 57,71% linfopenia. A maioria dos casos positivos ocorreram no período seco do ano.(AU)

The Canine Distemper is caused by a virus of the genus Morbillivirus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. The viral tropism by leukocytes can lead to leukopenia with lymphopenia, followed by immunosuppression. It also can be seen immunomediated thrombocytopenia. The detection of viral antigens in the conjunctival swabs of dogs suspected of being infected with canine distemper, can be made by immunochromatography technique. The infection with canine distemper virus may be prevented by vaccinating the animals. The determination of the association between infection and Morbillivirus hematological and / or biochemical changes in naturally infected dogs, can assist in monitoring the animal sick. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 149 hematological and biochemical dogs of different breeds and ages met at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, in the period between the years 2008 to 2012, all with positive diagnosis of distemper viral antigens . 18.79% were vaccinated; 45.63% were not vaccinated and were 35.57% with vaccination records. Regarding hematological ace, was obtained in greater quantity: 48.32% anemia, dehydration 26.10% and 50.33% trompocitopenia. Have changes in leukocyte count was observed in greater amounts: 42.21% with normal leukocytes; 57.71% lymphopenia. Most of the positive cases occurred in the dry season.(AU)