Human post exposure anti-rabies prophylactic assistance in the south of Brazil / Assistência profilática anti-rábica pós-exposição humana no sul do Brasil

Rabies is a zoonosis caused by Lyssavirus, with progressive development and a high lethality rate. In Brazil, rabies and accidents caused by animals potentially transmitting the disease are mandatory notification injuries. Exposure to rabies infection places a high financial burden on public health systems, especially for the care of people who are exposed and have a high risk of death. We aimed to define the epidemiological profile of human rabies post-exposure assistance in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2010 to 2015. Data from Brazil's Notifiable Diseases Information System were obtained and analyzed; these data were acquired by the completion of individual inquiry forms querying human antirabies assistance. A total of 55% (1,898/3,453) of anti-rabies assistance cases involved women and 45%(1,555/3,453) men. The highest occurrence (54.5%-1,882/3,453) was in the age group of 20–59 years. Most registered cases (87.5%–3,024/3.453) were caused by dogs, followed by cats (10.9%–378/3,453). The lower limb (22.1%–617/2,790) was the area of the body with the highest number of canine bites. We observed incorrect indications for the treatment. We suggest further training for health professionals involved in rabies post-exposure prophylaxis care, and dissemination of information aimed at educating users about the importance of animal-related injuries.

A raiva é uma zoonose causada por Lyssavirus, com desenvolvimento progressivo e alta taxa de letalidade. No Brasil, a raiva e os acidentes causados por animais potencialmente transmissores da doença, são agravos de notificação obrigatória. A exposição à infecção por raiva coloca um alto ônus financeiro para o sistema público de saúde, especialmente para o atendimento de pessoas expostas e com alto risco de morte. O objetivo deste estudo foi definir o perfil epidemiológico da assistência pós-exposição à raiva humana no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 2010 a 2015. Foram obtidos e analisados os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Doenças Notificáveis do Brasil (SINAM); adquiridos por meio do preenchimento de formulários de consulta individuais, verificando a assistência antirrábica humana. Um total de 55% (1.898/3.453) e 45% (1.555/3.453) dos casos de assistência anti-rábica envolveu mulheres e homens respectivamente, com maior ocorrência na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos (54,5% - 1.882/3.453). A maioria dos casos registrados (87,5% - 3.024/3.453) foi causada por cães e 10,9% (378/3.453) por gatos. O membro inferior (22,1% - 617/2.790) foi a área do corpo com o maior número de agressões por cães. Desta forma, sugere-se o treinamento para profissionais de saúde envolvidos no tratamento profilático da raiva após a exposição e disseminação de informações destinadas a educar os usuários sobre a importância das lesões relacionadas a animais.

Human post exposure anti-rabies prophylactic assistance in the south of Brazil / Assistência profilática anti-rábica pós-exposição humana no sul do Brasil

Rabies is a zoonosis caused by Lyssavirus, with progressive development and a high lethality rate. In Brazil, rabies and accidents caused by animals potentially transmitting the disease are mandatory notification injuries. Exposure to rabies infection places a high financial burden on public health systems, especially for the care of people who are exposed and have a high risk of death. We aimed to define the epidemiological profile of human rabies post-exposure assistance in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2010 to 2015. Data from Brazil's Notifiable Diseases Information System were obtained and analyzed; these data were acquired by the completion of individual inquiry forms querying human antirabies assistance. A total of 55% (1,898/3,453) of anti-rabies assistance cases involved women and 45%(1,555/3,453) men. The highest occurrence (54.5%-1,882/3,453) was in the age group of 20–59 years. Most registered cases (87.5%–3,024/3.453) were caused by dogs, followed by cats (10.9%–378/3,453). The lower limb (22.1%–617/2,790) was the area of the body with the highest number of canine bites. We observed incorrect indications for the treatment. We suggest further training for health professionals involved in rabies post-exposure prophylaxis care, and dissemination of information aimed at educating users about the importance of animal-related injuries.(AU)

A raiva é uma zoonose causada por Lyssavirus, com desenvolvimento progressivo e alta taxa de letalidade. No Brasil, a raiva e os acidentes causados por animais potencialmente transmissores da doença, são agravos de notificação obrigatória. A exposição à infecção por raiva coloca um alto ônus financeiro para o sistema público de saúde, especialmente para o atendimento de pessoas expostas e com alto risco de morte. O objetivo deste estudo foi definir o perfil epidemiológico da assistência pós-exposição à raiva humana no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 2010 a 2015. Foram obtidos e analisados os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Doenças Notificáveis do Brasil (SINAM); adquiridos por meio do preenchimento de formulários de consulta individuais, verificando a assistência antirrábica humana. Um total de 55% (1.898/3.453) e 45% (1.555/3.453) dos casos de assistência anti-rábica envolveu mulheres e homens respectivamente, com maior ocorrência na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos (54,5% - 1.882/3.453). A maioria dos casos registrados (87,5% - 3.024/3.453) foi causada por cães e 10,9% (378/3.453) por gatos. O membro inferior (22,1% - 617/2.790) foi a área do corpo com o maior número de agressões por cães. Desta forma, sugere-se o treinamento para profissionais de saúde envolvidos no tratamento profilático da raiva após a exposição e disseminação de informações destinadas a educar os usuários sobre a importância das lesões relacionadas a animais.(AU)

Fatores de risco associados com a presença de infecções virais em aves domésticas na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Risk factors associated with the presence of viral diseases in domestic poultry in the Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Background: The introduction of any infectious agent into an industrial or subsistence farm worries agribusiness owners in Brazilbecause it reduces product quality and increases treatment costs, although most diseases are untreatable, thus causing economic losseswith morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an epidemiological survey of viral diseases associated with poultry was developed by performing a detailed description of the risk factors that may be related to existing diseases using domestic poultry sample data recordedin the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of College of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), RioGrande do Sul, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016.Materials, Methods & Results: Epidemiological and clinical-pathological data were collected and then compared with disease databy multivariate analysis using statistical EpiInfo version 6.04 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. The frequencies and 95%confidence intervals (CI), association measures (odds ratio=OR and relative risk=RR), Chi-square test, and the results consideredsignificant with a value of P ≤ 0.05 were described. A total of 410 samples of domestic poultry were tested, and the results showed66 (16.1%) viral diseases. The following conditions were the most commonly found diseases in this study: Mareks disease (42.4%),Infectious bursal disease (31.8%), Avian leukosis (16.6%), Avian pox (7.5%) and Avian infectious bronchitis (1.5%). In this articlewe discuss the most frequent viral diseases: Mareks disease (DM) and Gumboro disease. It was also possible to conclude that birdswith Mareks disease presented higher odds of developing nerve, tegumentary and locomotors signs (P ≤ 0.05). As well as, morelikely to present tumoriform lesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys and heart P ≤ 0.05, as well as lesions in the proventriculus, musclelesions and in the sciatic nerve P ≤ 0.05. Laying poultry...(AU)

Fatores de risco associados com a presença de infecções virais em aves domésticas na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Risk factors associated with the presence of viral diseases in domestic poultry in the Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Background: The introduction of any infectious agent into an industrial or subsistence farm worries agribusiness owners in Brazilbecause it reduces product quality and increases treatment costs, although most diseases are untreatable, thus causing economic losseswith morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an epidemiological survey of viral diseases associated with poultry was developed by performing a detailed description of the risk factors that may be related to existing diseases using domestic poultry sample data recordedin the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of College of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), RioGrande do Sul, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016.Materials, Methods & Results: Epidemiological and clinical-pathological data were collected and then compared with disease databy multivariate analysis using statistical EpiInfo version 6.04 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. The frequencies and 95%confidence intervals (CI), association measures (odds ratio=OR and relative risk=RR), Chi-square test, and the results consideredsignificant with a value of P ≤ 0.05 were described. A total of 410 samples of domestic poultry were tested, and the results showed66 (16.1%) viral diseases. The following conditions were the most commonly found diseases in this study: Marek’s disease (42.4%),Infectious bursal disease (31.8%), Avian leukosis (16.6%), Avian pox (7.5%) and Avian infectious bronchitis (1.5%). In this articlewe discuss the most frequent viral diseases: Marek’s disease (DM) and Gumboro disease. It was also possible to conclude that birdswith Marek’s disease presented higher odds of developing nerve, tegumentary and locomotors signs (P ≤ 0.05). As well as, morelikely to present tumoriform lesions in the liver, spleen, kidneys and heart P ≤ 0.05, as well as lesions in the proventriculus, musclelesions and in the sciatic nerve P ≤ 0.05. Laying poultry...

Rates of single and multiple virus infection in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Colony collapse disorder has increased interest in the role of viruses in honey bee health. In this study, we determine if management practices affect the rates of infection for six common viruses by comparing the rates of infection between migratory, queen breeder, and hobbyist beekeepers. The study found that migratory beekeepers had higher rates of infection for Israeli acute paralysis virus and Kashmir bee virus. Migratory beekeepers also had higher rates of infection by more than one virus within a single colony. These results highlight the importance of management practices, perhaps including housing bees at high density, for the prevention of viral infection.

Rates of single and multiple virus infection in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Colony collapse disorder has increased interest in the role of viruses in honey bee health. In this study, we determine if management practices affect the rates of infection for six common viruses by comparing the rates of infection between migratory, queen breeder, and hobbyist beekeepers. The study found that migratory beekeepers had higher rates of infection for Israeli acute paralysis virus and Kashmir bee virus. Migratory beekeepers also had higher rates of infection by more than one virus within a single colony. These results highlight the importance of management practices, perhaps including housing bees at high density, for the prevention of viral infection.(AU)

Infecção pelo vírus da artrite encefalite caprina no Rio Grande do Norte / Infection by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in Rio Grande do Norte State

Estudaram-se a ocorrência e os fatores predisponentes à artrite encefalite caprina (CAEV) no Rio Grande do Norte. O questionário epidemiológico aplicado a 42 proprietários de 11 municípios produtores de leite avaliou o grau de instrução escolar do proprietário, a origem dos animais, o tipo de criação, as enfermidades mais freqüentes e o manejo sanitário, em geral, bem como as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Prevalência de 11% de infecção pelo CAEV foi observada nos rebanhos, com animais soropositivos em todos os municípios pesquisados. As condições de criação mostraram que há fatores que predispõem à introdução ou disseminação da doença na região estudada.(AU)

The prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) infection in dairy goat herds from Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, was estimated, and the predisposing factors to the infection were identified. An epidemiologic survey was held to collect information on educational level of the owner and origin of the animals, and on sanitation and vaccination practices, diseases, morbidity and mortality rates in the herds. The prevalence of CAE virus infection was 11%, and CAE was always observed in some goats in all studied municipalities.(AU)