Grapevine defoliation by Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil / Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) desfolhando videira no Brasil

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest that causes losses in several crops. The knowledge of host plants is essential for establishing management and control strategies. The present study reported the first occurrence of S. frugiperda in Brazilian grapevines. It is recommended that further studies should be carried out in the laboratory to understand the biological aspects of the damage to different structures (leaves and grapes). This information will be essential to assess the potential of S. frugiperda damage to vines.

A lagarta-do-cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) é uma praga polífaga que ocasiona danos em diversos cultivos, e o conhecimento do seu espectro de hospedeiros é essencial para o estabelecimento de estratégias de manejo e controle. Assim, o presente estudo registra pela primeira vez a ocorrência de S. frugiperda em videiras brasileiras. Desse modo, recomenda-se a realização de estudos adicionais em laboratório para compreender os aspectos biológicos e os danos as diferentes estruturas (vegetativas e uvas). Essa informação será essencial para avaliar o potencial de dano de S. frugiperda se alimentando de videiras.

Resistance to Pratylenchus brachyurus in Vitis species population through multivariate approaches and mixed models

Genetically diverse interspecific hybrids of Vitis were selected for resistance to Pratylenchus brachyurus. Three segregating populations with 57 hybrid crosses were evaluated. The parents included Vitis romanetiiC166-043 × 07355-075, 06354-047 × Cereza and 06354-047 × Nocera, selected from the germplasm bank at the University of California, Davis, the United States. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications and three plants per plot. Root mass, nematodes per gram of root and reproduction factor were determined and used as quantitative variables; 16 multi categoric descriptors were also evaluated. The traits were analyzed using the Ward-Modified Location Model procedure (Ward-MLM) for the composition of genotype groups. Genetic parameters and prediction of genetic values by Restricted Maximum Likelihood / Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML / BLUP) were assessed. The Ward-MLM classification strategy supported the formation of three homogeneous groups. Group I comprised 13 hybrids; Group II, 26 hybrids; and Group III, 18 hybrids. Groups II and III contained hybrids resistant to P. brachyurus. High broad sense heritability values were found for root mass, reproduction factor and nematodes per gram of root, which provided genetic gain and allowed selection of resistant genotypes available for cloning, since the total genetic variance occurred due to the dominance effects. Of the 57 genotypes assessed, those with the lowest genotypic values for reproduction factor were selected as resistant, including: CH3.2, CH3.23, CH3.8, CH3.37, CH3.38, CH3.41, CH3.36, CH2.1, CH2.7, CH1.1, CH1.3 and CH1.2.

Resistance to Pratylenchus brachyurus in Vitis species population through multivariate approaches and mixed models

Genetically diverse interspecific hybrids of Vitis were selected for resistance to Pratylenchus brachyurus. Three segregating populations with 57 hybrid crosses were evaluated. The parents included Vitis romanetiiC166-043 × 07355-075, 06354-047 × Cereza and 06354-047 × Nocera, selected from the germplasm bank at the University of California, Davis, the United States. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with three replications and three plants per plot. Root mass, nematodes per gram of root and reproduction factor were determined and used as quantitative variables; 16 multi categoric descriptors were also evaluated. The traits were analyzed using the Ward-Modified Location Model procedure (Ward-MLM) for the composition of genotype groups. Genetic parameters and prediction of genetic values by Restricted Maximum Likelihood / Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML / BLUP) were assessed. The Ward-MLM classification strategy supported the formation of three homogeneous groups. Group I comprised 13 hybrids; Group II, 26 hybrids; and Group III, 18 hybrids. Groups II and III contained hybrids resistant to P. brachyurus. High broad sense heritability values were found for root mass, reproduction factor and nematodes per gram of root, which provided genetic gain and allowed selection of resistant genotypes available for cloning, since the total genetic variance occurred due to the dominance effects. Of the 57 genotypes assessed, those with the lowest genotypic values for reproduction factor were selected as resistant, including: CH3.2, CH3.23, CH3.8, CH3.37, CH3.38, CH3.41, CH3.36, CH2.1, CH2.7, CH1.1, CH1.3 and CH1.2.(AU)

Temporal dynamics and management of downy mildew on the table grape BRS Vitória in northern Paraná / Dinâmica temporal e manejo do míldio na uva de mesa BRS Vitória no norte do Paraná

Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is a major disease of grapes in Paraná State, Brazil and other wine-producing regions. The seedless table grape BRS Vitória stands out for its tolerance to this disease and is a viable alternative to reduce fungicide applications. The objectives of this study were to analyze the influence of weather-related factors, such as temperature and rainfall on disease progress and to evaluate the efficacy of fungicide spray programs for controlling downy mildew of grapes during the summer-fall and winter-spring crop seasons in northern Paraná, Brazil. Field trials were conducted in Marialva, Paraná, during the winter-spring crop seasons (August to December) in 2013 and 2014 and the summer-fall crop seasons (January to May) in 2014 and 2015. The experimental design used was completely randomized with repeated measurements over the phenological periods, with five treatments and 10 replicates. The following treatments were compared: (1) conventional, in which fungicides were applied according to conventional standards; (2) preventive fungicide sprays every seven days; (3) preventive fungicide sprays every 14 days; (4) fungicide sprays after observing the first downy mildew symptoms; and (5) no fungicide sprays. In the conventional fungicide program, sprays were performed two or three times per week. Treatments 2 and 3 received sprayings between...

O míldio da videira causado pelo fungo Plasmopara viticola é a principal doença da videira no Paraná e em outras regiões vitícolas do país. A cultivar de uva sem sementes BRS Vitória destaca-se pela tolerância a esta doença e constitui uma alternativa viável para a produção de uva de mesa com menor emprego de fungicidas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a influência de fatores climáticos sobre o progresso da doença e avaliar a eficácia dos programas de pulverização de fungicidas para controlar o míldio da videira durante as safras normal e temporã no norte do Paraná, Brasil. Os ensaios de campo foram conduzidos em Marialva, Paraná, durante as safras normal (agosto a dezembro) em 2013 e 2014 e safra temporã (janeiro a maio) em 2014 e 2015. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas ao longo dos períodos fenológicos, com cinco tratamentos e 10 repetições. Os seguintes tratamentos foram comparados: (1) convencional, em que os fungicidas foram aplicados de acordo com padrões convencionais; (2) pulverizações a cada sete dias; (3) pulverizações a cada 14 dias; (4) pulverizações de fungicidas após observar os primeiros sintomas do míldio; e (5) controle. No programa convencional, as pulverizações foram realizadas duas ou três vezes por semana. Os tratamentos 2 e 3 receberam pulverizações entre o início da brotação e a maturação...

Temporal dynamics and management of downy mildew on the table grape BRS Vitória in northern Paraná / Dinâmica temporal e manejo do míldio na uva de mesa BRS Vitória no norte do Paraná

Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola is a major disease of grapes in Paraná State, Brazil and other wine-producing regions. The seedless table grape BRS Vitória stands out for its tolerance to this disease and is a viable alternative to reduce fungicide applications. The objectives of this study were to analyze the influence of weather-related factors, such as temperature and rainfall on disease progress and to evaluate the efficacy of fungicide spray programs for controlling downy mildew of grapes during the summer-fall and winter-spring crop seasons in northern Paraná, Brazil. Field trials were conducted in Marialva, Paraná, during the winter-spring crop seasons (August to December) in 2013 and 2014 and the summer-fall crop seasons (January to May) in 2014 and 2015. The experimental design used was completely randomized with repeated measurements over the phenological periods, with five treatments and 10 replicates. The following treatments were compared: (1) conventional, in which fungicides were applied according to conventional standards; (2) preventive fungicide sprays every seven days; (3) preventive fungicide sprays every 14 days; (4) fungicide sprays after observing the first downy mildew symptoms; and (5) no fungicide sprays. In the conventional fungicide program, sprays were performed two or three times per week. Treatments 2 and 3 received sprayings between...(AU)

O míldio da videira causado pelo fungo Plasmopara viticola é a principal doença da videira no Paraná e em outras regiões vitícolas do país. A cultivar de uva sem sementes BRS Vitória destaca-se pela tolerância a esta doença e constitui uma alternativa viável para a produção de uva de mesa com menor emprego de fungicidas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a influência de fatores climáticos sobre o progresso da doença e avaliar a eficácia dos programas de pulverização de fungicidas para controlar o míldio da videira durante as safras normal e temporã no norte do Paraná, Brasil. Os ensaios de campo foram conduzidos em Marialva, Paraná, durante as safras normal (agosto a dezembro) em 2013 e 2014 e safra temporã (janeiro a maio) em 2014 e 2015. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas ao longo dos períodos fenológicos, com cinco tratamentos e 10 repetições. Os seguintes tratamentos foram comparados: (1) convencional, em que os fungicidas foram aplicados de acordo com padrões convencionais; (2) pulverizações a cada sete dias; (3) pulverizações a cada 14 dias; (4) pulverizações de fungicidas após observar os primeiros sintomas do míldio; e (5) controle. No programa convencional, as pulverizações foram realizadas duas ou três vezes por semana. Os tratamentos 2 e 3 receberam pulverizações entre o início da brotação e a maturação...(AU)

Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitizing Planococcus citri on vine in Brazil / Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitando Planococcus citri em videira no Brasil

From those of the mealybug family, the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is frequently held responsible for various diseases occurring in vineyards. This is a first time report in Brazil, on the occurrence of a parasitoid controlling P. citri . In our search for the natural enemies of P. citri , bunches of grapes with the vine were collected every week for one month, in those regions where table grapes were produced, like Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In these samples, among the natural pest infestations Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was the only natural enemy species reported. In this research, we attempted to study the potential of parasitism as well as the strategies that this natural agent uses in pest control.

As cochonilhas-farinhentas, dentre elas Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), são apontadas como responsáveis por ocasionar problemas fitossanitários na cultura da videira. Esta nota relata, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a ocorrência de um parasitoide no controle de P. citri . Para prospecção de inimigos naturais associados a P. citri , foram realizadas coletas de cachos de uvas infestados por essa cochonilha-farinhenta, semanalmente, durante o período de um mês, em áreas de produção de uvas finas de mesa, com infestação natural da praga, no município de Petrolina-PE. Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), foi a única espécie de inimigo natural obtida. A partir desse registro, pretende-se estudar o seu potencial de parasitismo, bem como as estratégias de uso desse agente de controle natural.

Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitizing Planococcus citri on vine in Brazil / Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitando Planococcus citri em videira no Brasil

From those of the mealybug family, the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is frequently held responsible for various diseases occurring in vineyards. This is a first time report in Brazil, on the occurrence of a parasitoid controlling P. citri . In our search for the natural enemies of P. citri , bunches of grapes with the vine were collected every week for one month, in those regions where table grapes were produced, like Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In these samples, among the natural pest infestations Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was the only natural enemy species reported. In this research, we attempted to study the potential of parasitism as well as the strategies that this natural agent uses in pest control.(AU)

As cochonilhas-farinhentas, dentre elas Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), são apontadas como responsáveis por ocasionar problemas fitossanitários na cultura da videira. Esta nota relata, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a ocorrência de um parasitoide no controle de P. citri . Para prospecção de inimigos naturais associados a P. citri , foram realizadas coletas de cachos de uvas infestados por essa cochonilha-farinhenta, semanalmente, durante o período de um mês, em áreas de produção de uvas finas de mesa, com infestação natural da praga, no município de Petrolina-PE. Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), foi a única espécie de inimigo natural obtida. A partir desse registro, pretende-se estudar o seu potencial de parasitismo, bem como as estratégias de uso desse agente de controle natural.(AU)